International Journal of Pediatrics最新文献

{"title":"Recurrent Ileocolic Intussusception in Children: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Salvatore Arena, Fabiola Cassaro, Giulia Maisano, Pietro Impellizzeri, Carmelo Romeo","doi":"10.1155/ijpe/8860000","DOIUrl":"10.1155/ijpe/8860000","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Intussusception is the most common cause of acute intestinal obstruction in children. It can be initial idiopathic intussusception or a recurrent intussusception (RI), and in this latter case, there is not a validated algorithm for optimal treatment. The aim of the study is to review the international literature to evaluate the incidence of RI, to determine the rates of surgical intervention and pathological leading point (PLP), and to define the most appropriate management for children with RI. We included English-written papers with pediatric population, excluding case reports, papers with adult or mixed cases, studies focusing on ileo-ileal or colo-colic intussusception, meta-analysis studies, or papers with unclear or replaced data. <b>Results:</b> A total number of 23 articles were included for a total of 26,731 patients affected by intussusception and 3164 recurrent patients (11.8%). The number of attempts of nonsurgical reduction ranged from 3 to 10 (median 5). On 2965 RI, 358 underwent surgery (12.1%). A pathologic leading point was found in 99 patients (3.95%). <b>Conclusions:</b> The presence of a PLP does not seem to be associated with the recurrence of intussusception. More than 85% of RI underwent successful nonsurgical management. RI should be safely approached in the same way as primary intussusception, and surgery should be reserved to cases where a PLP has been suspected. In cases of multiple episodes, surgery can be considered an effective way to avoid recurrences, and this possibility should be discussed with parents.</p>","PeriodicalId":51591,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pediatrics","volume":"2025 ","pages":"8860000"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11957851/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143765739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Incidence and Risk Factors of Complicated Acute Appendicitis in Children: Evidence From a Tertiary Pediatric Center.","authors":"Sina Azadnajafabad, Faraha Zahra Awan, Bahar Ashjaei, Hosein Alimadadi, Mahsa Soti Khiabani","doi":"10.1155/ijpe/1230753","DOIUrl":"10.1155/ijpe/1230753","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Acute appendicitis (AA) is the most prevalent surgical emergency in the pediatric population, with the complicated form leading to various adverse outcomes. Our study is aimed at evaluating the incidence and associated risk factors of complicated AA among children presenting with this condition. <b>Methods:</b> Employing a cross-sectional design, we included all children suspected of having AA who were admitted to a tertiary pediatric center in Iran from 2020 to 2021. Pathologists examined all surgically removed appendices, and only cases with histopathological confirmation of AA were included. We classified AA into complicated and uncomplicated categories. We recorded and analyzed demographic, clinical, and laboratory data of patients admitted with AA. Analyzed laboratory parameters included white blood cell (WBC) count, neutrophil count and percentage, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP). <b>Results:</b> The study comprised 98 pediatric patients with AA, including 60 males (61.2%) and 38 females (38.8%), with a median age of 9.0 (interquartile range: 7.0-11.0) years. Eighteen (18.4%) cases were diagnosed with complicated AA. Mean WBC count, neutrophil count, and CRP levels were significantly higher in patients with complicated AA (<i>p</i> values: 0.048, 0.018, and 0.014, respectively). After adjusting for relevant clinical factors, CRP (odds ratio: 1.02 [95% CI: 1.00-1.04]), WBC count (1.18 [1.03-1.37]), and neutrophil count (1.23 [1.06-1.45)]) were significantly associated with complicated AA. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis indicated a CRP cut-off of 19.5 mg/dL, with an area under the curve of 0.687 (95% CI: 0.551-0.823), a sensitivity of 72.2%, and a specificity of 68.4% for predicting complicated AA. <b>Conclusions:</b> Laboratory parameters, specifically WBC count, neutrophil count, and CRP levels, are significant independent predictors of complicated AA in pediatric patients. These findings could assist in the timely diagnosis and management of children suspected of having AA in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":51591,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pediatrics","volume":"2025 ","pages":"1230753"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11955285/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143765643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inappropriate Birth Weight for Gestational Age Among Newborns Born at Dessie Referral Hospital: A Retrospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Setegn Mihret, Kalkidan Wondwossen, Rodas Merid, Ketema Bizuwork Gebremedhin","doi":"10.1155/ijpe/3491139","DOIUrl":"10.1155/ijpe/3491139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inappropriate birth weight for gestational age (IBWGA) is linked with obstetric complications like birth asphyxia, hypothermia, and postpartum hemorrhage. This study was aimed at determining the prevalence of IBWGA with factors associated with newborns born at Dessie Referral Hospital, northeast of Ethiopia. We used a retrospective cohort study design and systematic random sampling method to select charts of women giving birth at the hospital from January 2013 to December 2017. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to check the association of selected variables with the outcome variable IBWGA. The prevalence of IBWGA was found to be 145 (34.36%), with 52 (12.32%) and 93 (22.04%) for large for gestational age (LGA) and small for gestational age (SGA), respectively. A higher prevalence of IBWGA was found among women who use substances during pregnancy, such as chewing chat (43, 49.4%), smoking (14, 53.8%), and those with a history of giving birth to an infant with IBWGA (31, 50.0%). Furthermore, maternal age less than 35 years old (<i>p</i> < 0.05), antenatal care initiation at or before the second trimester (<i>p</i> < 0.05), gestational age less than 37 weeks (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and chewing chat during pregnancy (<i>p</i> < 0.05) were found to be statistically significantly associated with IBWGA. The high prevalence of IBWGA revealed by this study suggests a need for interventions focusing on its predicting factors: maternal age, prenatal care, gestational age, and substance use during pregnancy.</p>","PeriodicalId":51591,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pediatrics","volume":"2024 ","pages":"3491139"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11679275/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142903987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Small Device May Deliver King-Sized Solutions for Patients With an Exacerbation of Cystic Fibrosis.","authors":"P Laird, G MacKenzie, F Gill, C Burr, E McKinnon, M Cooper, E Geelhoed, A Schultz","doi":"10.1155/ijpe/9184954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ijpe/9184954","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Aim:</b> The aim is to examine whether using a portable spring-infusor device to deliver antibiotics compared with a standard infusion pump (SIP) translated to (i) improve health outcomes, (ii) reduce the length of stay (LoS), and (iii) reduce cost for treatment of exacerbations of cystic fibrosis (CF). <b>Methods:</b> An observational cohort study was conducted between December 2020 and June 2022 with participants aged 8-19 years admitted for exacerbation of CF. An activity monitor was fitted to participants to measure physical activities for the final 5 days of hospital admission. LoS was measured (days). Group allocation was according to participant preference. Costs were compared between the two groups for LoS, pump cost, and preparation and administration of antibiotics. <b>Results:</b>Twenty-seven of 30 eligible participants were approached, and 22 consented. Data were captured for 16 participants (spring-infusor <i>n</i> = 9): 10 female; mean (SD) age 14.5 (2.1) years. Average step count was negatively associated with age (rho = 0.50), and greater overall in participants using spring-infusors (mean 5324 (SD 2873) steps) versus SIPs (4806 (3116) steps) - mean (95% CI) increase in the spring-infusor group of 3246 (54-6438) for participants of the same age. LoS was longer on average in the SIP group, (mean (SD) LoS: 16.1 (4.3) versus 12.4 (1.7)). The estimated cost saving for a child using a spring-infusor was AUS$12,000. <b>Conclusion:</b>Results from the study suggest that children hospitalised for exacerbations of CF are more active if they receive antibiotics via a spring-infusor device compared with a SIP, and have reduced hospital stay that results in cost saving to the hospital. <i>What is already known?</i> Spring-infusors are small, portable, and mechanical devices to deliver intravenous antibiotics to patients. Spring-infusors are preferred by patients with CF at Perth Children's Hospital Physical activity in children with CF is recommended, including during hospital admissions to promote wellbeing, quality of life, and health outcomes. <i>What this paper adds?</i> Children hospitalised for exacerbations of CF may be more active if they receive antibiotics via a portable spring-infusor device compared with a SIP. Children using spring-infusors had reduced hospital stays that results in cost saving to the hospital. Children hospitalised for exacerbations of CF step on average, fewer than 5000 steps per day, which is well below recommendations.</p>","PeriodicalId":51591,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pediatrics","volume":"2024 ","pages":"9184954"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11606683/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142774407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cell-Free Fetal DNA for Prenatal Screening of Aneuploidies and Autosomal Trisomies: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Kenza Benchekroun Belabbes, Elena Bendala Tufanisco, Chirag C Sheth","doi":"10.1155/2024/3037937","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/3037937","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Aim:</b> This study was aimed at comparing the positive predictive value of a high-risk cell-free fetal DNA test result for sex chromosome aneuploidies (45,X0, 47,XXX, 47,XXY, and 47,XYY) and autosomal trisomies (T21, T18, and T13) with confirmatory tests in singleton pregnancies. Additionally, we identify the main reason for discordant and inconclusive results. <b>Methods:</b> PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched from 2017 for primary research articles on cell-free fetal DNA testing of autosomal trisomies and sex chromosome aneuploidies in singleton pregnancies. The methodological characteristics and the statistical results of the studies were collected, and the risk of bias was assessed. <b>Results:</b> Fourteen studies were included. Among the autosomal trisomies, T21 had the highest, whereas T13 showed the lowest positive predictive values. As for the sex chromosome aneuploidies, the lowest values were found with 45,X0. Although discordant and inconclusive results were reported inconsistently, false positives were mainly caused by mosaicism, and inconclusive results were mostly secondary to a low fetal DNA fraction. <b>Conclusion:</b> Cell-free fetal DNA is a reliable screening tool for autosomal trisomies. It is also useful for sex chromosome aneuploidies, although the positive predictive values are lower. A positive screening result should be followed with a confirmatory test.</p>","PeriodicalId":51591,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pediatrics","volume":"2024 ","pages":"3037937"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11524709/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142548856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early-Life Risk Factors and Clinical Features of Food Allergy Among Thai Children.","authors":"Samkhwan Thongsukkaeo, Yiwa Suksawat","doi":"10.1155/2024/6767537","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/6767537","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Food allergy affects 1%-10% of children under five worldwide, with genetic and early-life factors playing a primary role. Reported factors include a family history of allergic diseases, personal atopic dermatitis, cesarean section, dietary restrictions during pregnancy and lactation, and the timing of introducing solid foods. This study was aimed at identifying various factors associated with food allergy and evaluate each food allergy's clinical features. <b>Methods:</b> We conducted a case-control study with a participant ratio of 1:2 between cases and controls. Data were gathered from both groups of participants, and questionnaires included living area, sex, and natal history (birth details, maternal diet during pregnancy and breastfeeding, feeding history during infancy, family history of atopic diseases, and household smoking). <b>Results:</b> All 72 cases with food allergy and 145 controls were included in the study. Term birth comprised a protective factor for developing food allergy (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.213, <i>p</i> value 0.022). In contrast, personal atopic dermatitis (aOR 20.097, <i>p</i> value 0.001) and a family history of allergic disease constituted risks (aOR 3.183, <i>p</i> value 0.002). Food allergy was unrelated to cesarean section, low birth weight, dietary restrictions during lactation and pregnancy, exclusive breastfeeding, or the early introduction of complementary foods. The three most common food allergens were egg white (40.2%), wheat (34.7%), and cow's milk (30.5%), respectively. <b>Conclusions:</b> In this study, risk factors associated with food allergy comprised a personal history of atopic dermatitis and a family allergic disease, which may be used as predictive factors for developing food allergy among Thai children.</p>","PeriodicalId":51591,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pediatrics","volume":"2024 ","pages":"6767537"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11493481/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142480433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal Satisfaction With Children's Vaccination and Its Contributing Factors in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Nega Tezera Assimamaw, Aklilu Endalamaw, Mengistu Makonnen Kelkay, Almaz Tefera Gonete, Bewuketu Terefe, Kassaye Ahmed Zeleke","doi":"10.1155/2024/4213025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/4213025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Various initiatives are underway to improve maternal satisfaction with the vaccination of children in developing nations. Governments, international organizations, and nongovernmental organizations are actively working to improve healthcare infrastructure, expand service accessibility, improve communication, and foster community engagement. However, despite these efforts, maternal satisfaction with child vaccination services continues to be a significant issue. <b>Objective:</b> This systematic review and meta-analysis is aimed at assessing the pooled prevalence of maternal satisfaction with the child's vaccination service and its predictors in Ethiopia. <b>Methods:</b> Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, Google Scholar, PubMed, African Journals Online, and Semantic Scholar were searched to access the included articles. A weighted inverse-variance random effect model was used to estimate the prevalence of maternal satisfaction with vaccination of children. Variations in pooled prevalence estimates were adjusted by subgroup analysis according to the specific region where the study was conducted. Funnel plot and Egger's regression test were used to check publication bias. STATA version 14 statistical software was used for meta-analysis. <b>Results:</b> The combined prevalence of maternal satisfaction with vaccination of children was found to be 73% (95% CI: 72-75; <i>I</i> ² = 0.00%, <i>p</i> value < 0.001). Based on the subgroup analysis, the result revealed that the prevalence of maternal satisfaction with vaccination of children was 63% in SNNPR, 79% in Oromia, and 74% in Amhara. <b>Conclusions:</b> A meta-analysis of mothers' satisfaction with vaccination services for their children in Ethiopia found a low level of satisfaction. Therefore, provide regular training and capacity-building programs for healthcare workers involved in the delivery of vaccination services.</p>","PeriodicalId":51591,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pediatrics","volume":"2024 ","pages":"4213025"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11479785/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142480434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Key Influences on Oral Feeding Achievement in Preterm Infants: Insights From a Tertiary Hospital in Indonesia.","authors":"Putri Maharani Tristanita Marsubrin, Ni Nyoman Berlian Aryadevi, Bernie Endyarni Medise, Yoga Devaera","doi":"10.1155/2024/8880297","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/8880297","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective</b>: Effective oral feeding is one of the critical milestones that must be achieved by preterm infants. While gestational age and birth weight have been recognized as influential factors, recent studies have found additional variables impacting the achievement of full oral feeding (FOF). This study is aimed at describing factors associated with the attainment of FOF in preterm infants. <b>Methods</b>: This retrospective cohort study examines preterm infants born between 28 and 34 weeks' gestation admitted to Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital in Jakarta between July and December 2016. Comparative analysis utilized the Kruskal-Wallis test, while Cox's regression was employed for multivariate analysis to assess factors influencing the achievement of FOF. <b>Results</b>: This study included 87 preterm infants meeting the inclusion criteria. The median gestational age was 33 weeks (IQR: 3). The most common birth weight range was 1500-1999 g (51.7%). Median durations from birth to the first feed, full enteral feed, and FOF were observed to be 1 day (IQR: 1), 6 days (IQR: 10), and 14 days (IQR: 24), respectively. Notably, the duration of oxygen therapy, episodes of sepsis, and frequency of blood transfusions showed significant associations with the time taken to achieve FOF. <b>Conclusion</b>: This study found significant associations between the time to achieve FOF and factors such as oxygen therapy duration, sepsis episodes, and frequency of blood transfusion. These findings highlight the importance of considering these factors in managing preterm infants. However, a further prospective study is warranted to identify additional factors that influence feeding milestones in preterm infants.</p>","PeriodicalId":51591,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pediatrics","volume":"2024 ","pages":"8880297"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11419833/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142309105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequency of Functional Constipation in Lebanese Children: A Cross-Sectional Study Based on Parental Reporting.","authors":"Theresia Tannoury, Jana Assy, Nadine Yazbeck","doi":"10.1155/2024/5183069","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/5183069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Aim:</b> To determine the frequency and possible associated dietary and environmental factors of functional constipation (FC) among children in Lebanon followed at a single pediatric health system. <b>Method:</b> A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in all pediatrics clinics at the American University of Beirut Medical Center (AUBMC). Children aged 2-7 years presenting for a well-child visit were recruited. Data relating to the child's bowel habits and other history items were obtained from parental questionnaires. <b>Results:</b> The mean age of the 172 recruited participants was 4.94 years with 56.4% being males. FC was present in 32.6% of the participants. Although there was no difference in the frequency of FC based on age and gender, the peak frequency of FC was at 5 years. The daily frequency of withholding stools was 64.3%, and 46.6% of the children with FC always experienced straining while stooling for the past 2 months. Decreased physical activity and diet were not significantly associated with FC. <b>Conclusion:</b> The present study shows that 32.6% of children aged 2-7 years in Lebanon suffer from constipation while only 51.7% of the recruited children's physicians inquire about the child's bowel movement during the well check visit. These numbers highlight the need to raise more awareness among pediatricians on the need to screen for constipation during clinic visits as a standard of care practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":51591,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pediatrics","volume":"2024 ","pages":"5183069"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11366055/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142114612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inpatient Growth in Infants Requiring Pharmacologic Treatment for Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome.","authors":"Ashajyothi M Siddappa, Erin Morris, Michael D Evans, Sarah Pelinka, Constance Adkisson","doi":"10.1155/2024/2212688","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/2212688","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Aim:</b> To assess inpatient growth parameter trajectories and to identify the type of opioid exposure and treatment characteristics influencing growth parameters of infants admitted to the newborn intensive care unit (NICU) for pharmacological treatment of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS). <b>Methods:</b> Charts of term infants with NOWS admitted to NICU from 2012 to 2019, who received pharmacologic treatment, were reviewed. Intake (volume: mL/kg/day; calorie: kcal/kg/day) and growth parameter trajectories (weight, head circumference, and length) were analyzed based on the type of prenatal opioid exposure (short-acting opioids (SAOs), long-acting opioids (LAOs), and polysubstance), pharmacologic treatment, and sex. Growth measurement patterns over time were compared between groups using longitudinal mixed-effects models. <b>Results:</b> One hundred nineteen infants were included in the study with median birth weight <i>Z</i>-score of -0.19 at birth and decreased to a median of -0.72 at discharge. Exposure to SAO was associated with an increase in <i>Z</i>-scores nearing discharge across all growth parameters (<i>Z</i>-score for weight <i>p</i> = 0.03). Polysubstance exposure was associated with a decrease in <i>Z</i>-scores for length and head circumference throughout hospitalization. Infants with adjunct clonidine treatment had an increase in <i>Z</i>-score for weight trends. Male infants had a decrease in <i>Z</i>-scores for weight (male -0.96, female -0.59, interaction <i>p</i> = 0.06) and length (male -1.17, female -0.57, interaction <i>p</i> = 0.003) at Day 28. Despite the difference in growth trajectories, intake in terms of amount (mL/kg/day) and calorie intake (kcal/kg/day) was similar based on prenatal exposure, treatment, and sex. <b>Conclusion</b>: Infants with NOWS requiring pharmacologic treatment have a decrease in <i>Z</i>-scores for weight, length, and head circumference at birth and at hospital discharge. Infants with prenatal polysubstance exposure were at particular risk for poorer inpatient growth relative to infants exposed to SAO and LAO, indicated by lower <i>Z</i>-scores for length and occipital frontal circumference (OFC).</p>","PeriodicalId":51591,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pediatrics","volume":"2024 ","pages":"2212688"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11366048/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142114613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}