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The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science最新文献

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Role structure and burnout in the field of human services. 人力服务领域的角色结构和职业倦怠。
IF 3.5
The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science Pub Date : 1986-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/002188638602200107
M P Leiter, K A Meechan
{"title":"Role structure and burnout in the field of human services.","authors":"M P Leiter,&nbsp;K A Meechan","doi":"10.1177/002188638602200107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002188638602200107","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article discusses a study that investigated burnout as a function of aspects of role structure for people working in the field of human services. The subjects, the staff of a residential rehabilitation and mental health center, completed a six-team questionnaire, the Maslach Burnout Inventory, and the Least Preferred Coworker Scale. The relationships of accuracy, concentration of social support network, mutual references, and motivational hierarchy were analyzed in three multiple regressions with emotional exhaustion, personal accomplishment, and depersonalization. Emotional exhaustion was found to have occurred less often when a person's social support network within the setting was not concentrated solely within the formal work subgroup, personal accomplishment was enhanced by an ambiguous role structure, and depersonalization was found to be related primarily to a person's values toward personal relationships and work and to be more prevalent among those with concentrated networks and ambiguously structured roles.</p>","PeriodicalId":515858,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science","volume":"22 1","pages":"47-52"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/002188638602200107","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21145633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 77
Closing the gaps: the effectiveness of linking programs connecting chronic mental patients from the hospital to the community. 缩小差距:将慢性精神病人从医院连接到社区的项目的有效性。
IF 3.5
The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science Pub Date : 1986-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/002188638602200405
S Rosenfield, C Caton, G Nachumi, E Robbins
{"title":"Closing the gaps: the effectiveness of linking programs connecting chronic mental patients from the hospital to the community.","authors":"S Rosenfield,&nbsp;C Caton,&nbsp;G Nachumi,&nbsp;E Robbins","doi":"10.1177/002188638602200405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002188638602200405","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The research reported in this article tested the effectiveness of a linking program between city hospitals and community treatment programs in reducing the rehospitalization of mental patients following discharge. The authors proposed that the nature of the relationships between the liaison teams of such programs and those providing aftercare services is essential to providing a continuity of care and thus to lowering rates of rehospitalization. Two liaison teams were evaluated, one of which had more positive and ongoing relationships with providers of community services to mental patients. The program with the more positive and continuous relationships was predicted and found to be more effective in reducing rehospitalization rates for chronic mental patients. Testing a case management/primary therapist adaptation by the less effective program demonstrated that patient or staff characteristics did not account for the differences between the programs' effectiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":515858,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science","volume":"22 4","pages":"411-23"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/002188638602200405","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21149427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 18
Development and validation of the sex role conflict scale. 性别角色冲突量表的编制与验证。
IF 3.5
The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science Pub Date : 1986-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/002188638602200404
L H Chusmir, C S Koberg
{"title":"Development and validation of the sex role conflict scale.","authors":"L H Chusmir,&nbsp;C S Koberg","doi":"10.1177/002188638602200404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002188638602200404","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Because the authors found previous attempts at measuring sex role conflict to lack rigor in measurement and interpretation, they sought to develop an instrument for objectively measuring this condition. From a study of an initial group of 102 persons and a follow-up group of 556 persons from Western U.S. urban areas, the authors developed a new, 17-item, Likert-type scale, which they call the Sex Role Conflict Scale (SRCS). They employed factor analysis to arrive at the final 17 items used, and conducted studies of the scale's reliability and validity, correlating its results with previously validated measures of role conflict, job satisfaction, job involvement, and propensity to leave. The authors found correlations between their variables and sex role conflict, and recommend the SRCS for measuring the degree of such conflict experienced by both men and women.</p>","PeriodicalId":515858,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science","volume":"22 4","pages":"397-409"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/002188638602200404","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21147507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 40
Sociotechnical systems in health care: a field experiment. 卫生保健中的社会技术系统:一个实地实验。
IF 3.5
The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science Pub Date : 1986-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/002188638602200311
W Pasmore, J Petee, R Bastian
{"title":"Sociotechnical systems in health care: a field experiment.","authors":"W Pasmore,&nbsp;J Petee,&nbsp;R Bastian","doi":"10.1177/002188638602200311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002188638602200311","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article describes an intervention that employed sociotechnical systems (STS) analysis in the laboratory of a major health care institution in the Midwest. The analysis was performed on two departments of the laboratory to determine opportunities for improving effectiveness, facilitating the introduction of new technology, and enhancing the work experience of technologists. The authors measured the results of the intervention by conducting a survey of technologists before and after the change effort and through follow-up interviews with a sample of physicians, supervisors, and technologists. The intervention did not achieve the results intended, and the authors present their explanation for why this occurred and suggest implications and recommendations for future STS applications to health care settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":515858,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science","volume":"22 3","pages":"329-39"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/002188638602200311","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21153174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 16
A review of applications of the sociotechnical systems approach to health care organizations. 社会技术系统方法在卫生保健组织中的应用综述。
IF 3.5
The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science Pub Date : 1986-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/002188638602200310
R F Chisholm, J T Ziegenfuss
{"title":"A review of applications of the sociotechnical systems approach to health care organizations.","authors":"R F Chisholm,&nbsp;J T Ziegenfuss","doi":"10.1177/002188638602200310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002188638602200310","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article reviews the use of sociotechnical systems (STS) theory and methodology to the health care industry. The review indicates that health care delivery is an industry with a significantly complex mixture of technical and social component, one particularly well suited to STS. The authors briefly define the STS approach, provide a history of research on STS in health care settings, match elements of STS with elements of health care organizations to determine degree of fit, present issues and topics for further research, and discuss the general application and approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":515858,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science","volume":"22 3","pages":"315-26"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/002188638602200310","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21173378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 19
Leadership and substitutes for leadership among professional and nonprofessional workers. 专业人员和非专业人员的领导和替代领导。
IF 3.5
The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science Pub Date : 1986-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/002188638602200106
J P Howell, P W Dorfman
{"title":"Leadership and substitutes for leadership among professional and nonprofessional workers.","authors":"J P Howell,&nbsp;P W Dorfman","doi":"10.1177/002188638602200106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002188638602200106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this article, the authors discuss their research on similarities and differences between professionals and nonprofessionals in their responses to managerial leadership behaviors and substitutes for leadership. Their study sample comprised workers at many organizational levels in several hospital and contract research organizations in the Southwest, and they used a multidimensional measure of professionalism to create subsamples of professionals and nonprofessionals. The authors used questionnaire data to test hypotheses regarding instrumental and supportive leadership behaviors and their substitutes. They found that role clarification and support from leaders were important predictors of worker's job satisfaction and organizational commitment for both subsamples, and that formal rules and procedures were an important supplement for instrumental leadership behaviors. Professionals differed from nonprofessionals in that intrinsically satisfying work tasks and importance place on organizational rewards were strong substitutes for leaders' support. The authors conclude that worker professionalism is an important moderator variable for research on leadership and substitutes for leadership.</p>","PeriodicalId":515858,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science","volume":"22 1","pages":"29-46"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/002188638602200106","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21145629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 109
Attitudes toward human service organizations: perspectives from an urban black community. 对人类服务组织的态度:来自城市黑人社区的观点。
IF 3.5
The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science Pub Date : 1985-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/002188638502100408
L E Gary
{"title":"Attitudes toward human service organizations: perspectives from an urban black community.","authors":"L E Gary","doi":"10.1177/002188638502100408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002188638502100408","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous research has suggested that black Americans tend to view mental health services and community mental health centers more negatively than do white Americans. This article discusses a recent study that sought to determine whether black persons possess positive or negative attitudes, what factors influence attitude formation, and the implications of these findings. Based on a sample of black residents in a city in the Northeast, the study found that fewer than 20% of black persons possess negative attitudes toward community mental health centers, that 34% possess positive attitudes, that women and married persons tend to possess more positive attitudes than do men and unmarried persons, that those with high levels of racial consciousness tend to possess more positive attitudes than those who do not, and that those with a high tolerance of substance use tend to possess more negative attitudes than do less tolerant persons. The author suggests that human service agencies should educate social and health workers to become more aware of the cultural diversity and attitudes of the black community so that they may more effectively serve black clients.</p>","PeriodicalId":515858,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science","volume":"21 4","pages":"445-58"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/002188638502100408","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21146524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 23
Single-point entry: an organizational form in the delivery of services to the aged. 单点入口:为老年人提供服务的一种组织形式。
IF 3.5
The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science Pub Date : 1985-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/002188638502100409
J Leon, D Braisted
{"title":"Single-point entry: an organizational form in the delivery of services to the aged.","authors":"J Leon,&nbsp;D Braisted","doi":"10.1177/002188638502100409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002188638502100409","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Demographic shifts, the further commercialization of the health and human services industry, and various economic trends point to a restructuring of the systems delivering services to the aged. Emerging are approaches that offer a broad range of services under the auspices of separate organizational entities. Called continuums of care, such organizational forms use single points of entry as mechanisms to control access to the array of available services. Using the life care community as the prime example, this article examines the operations of single-point entry organizations. The authors also explore the implications of such structures for the health and human services industry, noting their potential for stratifying the aged along the dimensions of health and income.</p>","PeriodicalId":515858,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science","volume":"21 4","pages":"459-69"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/002188638502100409","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21146719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Quality circles in the United States: a conceptual reevaluation. 美国质量界:概念上的重新评价。
IF 3.5
The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science Pub Date : 1985-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/002188638502100208
G R Ferris, J A Wagner
{"title":"Quality circles in the United States: a conceptual reevaluation.","authors":"G R Ferris,&nbsp;J A Wagner","doi":"10.1177/002188638502100208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002188638502100208","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Faced with industrial decline, American managers have begun searching for strategies for increasing productivity. Recent attention has focused on Japanese management practices, particularly on quality circles (QCs). Drawing upon social science research, this article evaluates the assumptions behind QCs implemented in the United States. The authors present a conceptual analysis that indicates possible reasons for the differing rates of success for QCs in Japan and the U.S. The article also makes suggestions for the effective implementation of American QCs.</p>","PeriodicalId":515858,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science","volume":"21 2","pages":"155-67"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/002188638502100208","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21144977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 47
The future of public-private sector partnerships for the provision of human services: problem and possibilities. 提供人力服务的公私部门伙伴关系的未来:问题和可能性。
IF 3.5
The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science Pub Date : 1985-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/002188638502100405
D L Poole
{"title":"The future of public-private sector partnerships for the provision of human services: problem and possibilities.","authors":"D L Poole","doi":"10.1177/002188638502100405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002188638502100405","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article examines the responses of states, localities, and the private sector to recent attempts by the federal government to realign domestic responsibilities for the provision of human services. In exploring this issue, the author conducted a study of agencies assisting the developmentally disabled in Greater Richmond, Virginia. The author finds that the nation is experiencing a fundamental paradigm shift--a reconceptualization of structure, goals, and responsibilities--with respect to social welfare, with new public-private sector partnerships emerging to meet human needs.</p>","PeriodicalId":515858,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science","volume":"21 4","pages":"393-406"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/002188638502100405","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21168220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
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