Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Efficacy of Modified Jaipur Block in Post Herpetic Neuralgia","authors":"Nadia Akhtar, M. K. Shahzad, T. Hassan, Nazia Hanif, Asma Naz, Sara Anwar","doi":"10.54393/pjhs.v5i02.1252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v5i02.1252","url":null,"abstract":"Post herpetic neuralgia (PHN), a chronic neuropathic pain arising after herpes zoster (shingles) infection is notable, if discomfort persists beyond 90 days from the initial outbreak. Objective: To determine the efficacy of  Modified Jaipur Block in reducing pain in patients with Post Herpetic Neuralgia. Methods: An uncontrolled clinical trial at Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Rahim Yar Khan, from January 2023 to September 2023 included 103 post herpetic neuralgia patients aged 20-80 years. Pain severity assessed using VAS score at baseline and follow-ups; efficacy defined as >75% decrease in VAS pain score at 6 months. Statistical analysis utilized SPSS 26.0, employing paired t-tests and Chi-square tests for efficacy and subgroup analyses. Results: In 103 patients predominantly aged 51-65 years and suffering mainly from thoracic pain, the Modified Jaipur block treatment yielded substantial reductions in Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores. From an initial mean VAS of 8.15±1.389, scores declined significantly to 2.66±2.379 at the last follow-up (p<0.001). A notable 73.8% of patients achieved remission, while relapses were observed in 7.8%. No association between remission rates and demographic or clinical variables was detected (p>0.05). At the 6-month follow-up, 61.2% of patients demonstrated efficacy (over 75% reduction in VAS pain scores), with a significantly higher efficacy noted in cases of intermittent pain (p<0.05). Conclusions: The Modified Jaipur block treatment demonstrated significant efficacy in pain reduction. The study underscores the potential of this treatment modality for targeted pain management. ","PeriodicalId":515760,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences","volume":"8 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140409687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mean Value of Probing Depth and Tooth Mobility of Abutment Teeth in Patients using Removable Partial Denture","authors":"Haseeb Ullah, Aamna Mansur, M. Riasat, Waqar Un Nisa, Anita Nisar, Sadeeq Ahmad","doi":"10.54393/pjhs.v5i02.1333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v5i02.1333","url":null,"abstract":"Removable partial dentures (RPDs) are a typical treatment for supplanting missing teeth. Notwithstanding, concerns exist in regards to their effect on the health of the abutment teeth supporting the dental replacement. Objective: To assess the impact of RPDs on the periodontal health of abutment teeth. Methods: This cross-sectional study included patients from the Prosthodontics department, Bacha Khan Medical College (Medical Teaching Institute, Mardan) between January 6th, 2020, to June 6th, 2020. Examining profundity (pocket depth among gum and tooth) and tooth versatility were assessed in patients utilizing RPDs. The probing depth was estimated at six focuses around every tooth, and a profundity of 1-3 mm was viewed as typical. Results: The study found no massive contrasts in testing profundity or tooth versatility in view old enough, sort of tooth (front or back), or orientation. Notwithstanding, a genuinely critical affiliation was seen between probing depth and tooth mobility, proposing a possible connection between these two proportions of periodontal wellbeing. Conclusions: This study recommends that while RPD plan itself could not straightforwardly impact explicit periodontal boundaries like probing depth and tooth mobility, keeping up with great oral cleanliness and guaranteeing fitting RPD configuration are pivotal for forestalling expected periodontal issues. ","PeriodicalId":515760,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences","volume":"6 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140410492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maximum Phonation Time of School-Aged Children in Pakistan: A Normative Study","authors":"Iqra Naeem, Raffa Mubeen, Syed Aftab Haider Shah, Sumaiyah Obaid, G. Saqulain","doi":"10.54393/pjhs.v5i02.1290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v5i02.1290","url":null,"abstract":"Maximum phonation time (MPT) evaluates maximum vocal capabilities and can be used to assess the effectiveness of behavioral and medical therapy interventions. There is a literature gap regarding MPT normalcy data for Pakistani children. Objective: To determine the Maximum Phonation Time of School Aged Children in Pakistan and its association with participant variables and impact of the 6-minute walk test on participant vitals. Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted in Rawalpindi and Islamabad on typical healthy school-aged children from August 2021 to January 2022. The sample included both genders, aged 6-13 years having normal language. Tools used included a basic demographic sheet, token test, stopwatch, growth chart, sphygmomanometer, pulse oximeter, and 6-minute walk test. Blood Pressure, oxygen saturation, heart rate, and MPT were calculated before and after the six-minute walk test (6-MWT). Data were analyzed by using SPSS version 21.0. Results:  Results show MPT of 13.11 ± 3.93 seconds. Scores were significantly (p= 0.000) higher for higher age groups. 6-MWT revealed a significantly (p=0.000) higher post walk SPO2 (99.16 ± 0.89 Vs.97.82 ± 1.45), HR (105.94 ± 14.53 vs 92.94 ± 14.79). systolic (112.46±13.40 vs. 107.25 ± 13.66) and diastolic blood pressure (79.07 ± 8.17 Vs.73.84 ± 8.50) compared to pre walk. A significantly (p<0.001) strong positive correlation was noted for age(r=.515), weight (r=.460), height (r=.491) and distance (r=.281). Conclusions: MPT of Pakistani 6-13 years children is 13.11 ± 3.93 seconds with significantly higher MPT for higher age groups. MPT has a strong positive correlation with age, weight, height and distance and increases after walking. MPT values for boys were slightly higher than for girls. ","PeriodicalId":515760,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences","volume":"20 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140412377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Recurrent Bell’s Palsy","authors":"M. Atif, Kazim Hussain, Iqra Naeem, Zulkaif Asghar, Fariha Batool, Saba Butt, Aisha Khalil","doi":"10.54393/pjhs.v5i02.1305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v5i02.1305","url":null,"abstract":"Recurrent Bell’s palsy is experiencing more than 1 episode of Bell's palsy after recovering from the first one. Prevalence of Recurrent Bell's Palsy ranges from 2.6-15.2% although it is a rare occurrence.  The study under observation was conducted to find out the prevalence of Recurrent Bell's Palsy in patients. Objective: To assess the prevalence of recurrent Bell's palsy. Methods: A convenience sampling method was used to perform an observational cross-sectional analytical survey based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were collected by using questionnaire after informed consent and was analyzed using SPSS version 26.0. Results: It was concluded that mean age of Recurrent Bell’s palsy patients was 40.8 years. Male and female both genders were involved. Most common Bell's palsy-related predisposing factors were hypertension, Diabetes, old age, and Pregnancy respectively. More cases were reported in winter season than summers in recurrent Bell’s palsy patients. Conclusions: The prevalence of RBP is 4.2% and most commonly associated risk factors are Hypertension, Diabetes, Positive family history and pregnancy.  \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":515760,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences","volume":"13 35","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140409469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parental Satisfaction with Health Care During Child Hospitalization at Tertiary Care Hospital Karachi","authors":"Fawad-Ur Rehman, Aziz Ur Rehman Yousufzai, Afsha Bibi, Anum Herbert, Yalson Jawed, .. Tehmeena, .. Rehana, Uzma Hameed, Shazma Naveed","doi":"10.54393/pjhs.v5i02.1320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v5i02.1320","url":null,"abstract":"Pediatric care in hospital settings necessitates a comprehensive approach that considers not only the medical needs of the child but also the satisfaction and involvement of their parents or guardians. Parental satisfaction with healthcare services during their child's hospitalization is crucial for shaping their overall experience and ensuring quality care. Objective: To assess the level of satisfaction among parents of pediatric patients receiving care at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the National Institute of Child Health Hospital in Karachi from October to December 2023. A total of 50 parents or blood-related guardians actively caring for pediatric patients were included in the study. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire comprising socio-demographic information and a 20-item Likert scale to measure parental satisfaction. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 26.0. Results: The statistical results indicate that 26% had low satisfaction 28% moderate and 46% had high parental satisfaction with health care during child hospitalization at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi. Conclusions: The stats show mixed feelings among parents about the healthcare during their child's hospital stay in a Karachi tertiary care hospital. While 46% were happy with the services, indicating a good experience, 26% weren't satisfied. Another 28% felt okay. This means improvements are needed to address the concerns of the dissatisfied group and enhance overall satisfaction levels. ","PeriodicalId":515760,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140410340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Rate of Success of CPR in Patients Suffering from Cardiac Arrest in Patients Admitted in CCU in Cardiology Department Ayub Medical Teaching Institute","authors":"Sardar Fawad Gul, Muhammad Imran Khan, Yasir Ali Shah, Zia Ullah Khan, Sardar Jawad Gul, Rabia Basre","doi":"10.54393/pjhs.v5i01.1259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v5i01.1259","url":null,"abstract":"Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is an essential procedure used to treat patients who are in cardiac arrest, particularly in the Critical Care Unit (CCU). Objective: To assess the success rate of CPR admitted to the CCU, revealing insight on the effectiveness of current resuscitation techniques. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at Department of Cardiology Ayub Medical Teaching Institute, Abbottabad, between 13th April 2023 to 30th November 2023, 110 patients had cardiac arrest while in the intensive care unit. Data were gathered and examined on patient demographics, pre-existing comorbidities, time to start CPR, duration of CPR, and results. CPR success was defined as a sustained restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) for at least 20 minutes. Results: This study included 110 cardiac patients. Most patients (68.18%) were male. Hypertension was the most common comorbidity at 72.7%. CPR started on average 4.8 minutes late, with a 1.2-minute standard deviation. The average CPR time was 18.2 minutes, with a 5.6-minute SD. After cardiac arrest, 60 (54.5%) patients began CPR within 5 minutes. Another subgroup found 96.0% CPR success in 25 (22.7%) ventricular fibrillation patients. Then occurred ventricular tachycardia (80.0%), pulseless electrical activity (76.0%), and asystole (68.9%). These data suggest that CPR works better in ventricular fibrillation patients. Conclusions: This research sheds light on cardiac arrest CCU patients' demographics, care, and outcomes. The data show that early CPR and ventricular fibrillation detection and treatment improve outcomes for these individuals. ","PeriodicalId":515760,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences","volume":"20 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139686606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic Accuracy of Gastroscopy with Narrow Band Imaging for the Diagnosis of Helicobacter Pylori Gastritis","authors":"Bushra Rehan, Muhammad Mansoor Ul-Haq, Rajesha Kumar, Mehreen Akmal","doi":"10.54393/pjhs.v5i01.1260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v5i01.1260","url":null,"abstract":"Helicobacter pylori infection promotes stomach cancer and chronic gastritis globally. Endoscopic features that may identify H. pylori are being explored. Objective: Narrow Band Imaging (NBI) is used to identify and treat H. pylori gastritis before biopsy since most patients are lost to follow-up or follow-up is too late. H. pylori gastritis may be treated early to improve quality of life and gastrointestinal concerns. Methods: This cross-sectional study at Department of Gastroenterology, Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi, conducted between 1st March 2022 till 28th February 2023, included 150 patients. Patients with gastritis on endoscopy were evaluated for the presence of H. pylori with Narrow band Imagining. Findings were compared with histopathology as gold standard. Results: Mean age of the patients was 41.87 ± 12.5 years. Male participants were 71 (47.3%). The most common admission complaints were nausea, appetite loss, and abdominal distension. The diagnostic accuracy of NBI for the detection of H. pylori was 85% sensitivity, 88% specificity, 88% positive predictive value, 87% negative predictive value and overall accuracy of 88%. NBI endoscopy was cheaper and took less time to diagnose (27 minutes vs. 37 minutes). NBI endoscopy is more effective and cost-effective than standard gastroscopy. Conclusions: The data confirm the high incidence of H. pylori in gastrointestinal patients. NBI endoscopy is more effective and cost-effective than standard gastroscopy.","PeriodicalId":515760,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences","volume":"515 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140479905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison between the Young and Elderly Diagnosed Patients of Carcinoma of the Breast","authors":"Ramsha Khan, Umar Javed, Atiq Ur Rehman","doi":"10.54393/pjhs.v5i01.1247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v5i01.1247","url":null,"abstract":"Breast cancer presents a significant health challenge in Pakistan, marked by high incidence rates and specific cultural and societal barriers to early detection and treatment. Objective: To compare diagnosed cases of CA breast in younger and older  patients in terms of mode of presentation, TNM stage at presentation, histological variety and hormonal status. Methods: In our prospective comparative study conducted at the Department of Surgery, Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur, we included a total of 220 breast cancer patients aged 20 years and above. Patients were stratified into two distinct age groups for comparison: younger patients (aged less than or equal to 35 years) and older patients (aged more than 35 years). Modes of presentation, histological types, and hormonal receptor statuses were compared between the both groups. Results: In a study of 220 breast cancer patients with a mean age of 42.97 years, younger patients (≤35 years) constituted 24%, while older patients (>35 years) made up 76%. The most common presentation was lump formation (78.18%), mainly in older patients. Ulceration was evenly distributed across age groups. Histologically, invasive ductal carcinoma Grade III was more frequent in older patients, whereas Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS) was exclusive to younger patients, underscoring distinct age-related disease patterns. Conclusions: Our study revealed significant age-related differences in breast cancer presentation among Pakistani patients. Older patients (>35 years) predominantly presented with lump formation, suggesting diagnostic delays, while all younger patients (≤35 years) had DCIS, indicating possible early detection or unique tumor biology. Additionally, older patients exhibited higher ER and PR positivity.  ","PeriodicalId":515760,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences","volume":"145 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140471357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequency of Urinary Tract Infection among Neonates with Persistent Jaundice at Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar","authors":"Lal Muhammad, Inayatullah Khan, Afzal Khan, .. Numan, Saddam Hussain, Sajid Ali","doi":"10.54393/pjhs.v5i01.1221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v5i01.1221","url":null,"abstract":"Jaundice refers to yellow-orange discoloration of the skin and sclera, resulting from an excessive accumulation of bilirubin in the dermis and mucous membranes. Indirect neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is a prevalent and frequent etiology of jaundice, leading to the hospitalization of neonates in healthcare institutions worldwide. Objective: To determine the frequency of urinary tract infection among neonates with prolonged jaundice. Methods: The present study, a cross-sectional design, was carried out at the Department of Pediatrics, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, from June 20th to December 20th, 2022. The study consisted of 87 infants, encompassing both genders, who presented with persistent jaundice. Two samples of clean urine were collected from neonates, with a time interval of many minimums of two hours between each collection. These samples were then sent to the hospital laboratory for diagnosing urinary tract infection. Results: The age range of participant neonates in this study ranged from 14 to 28 days, with a mean age of 20.597±4.50 days. The mean duration of complaint was also 18.20±4.077 days, and the mean weight was 2.855±0.27 Kg. The proportion of male patients was 58.6%, while the proportion of female patients was 41.4%. Among these 11.5% were found to have urinary tract infection. Conclusions: It is concluded that significant number (11.5%) of patients with persistent jaundice has urinary tract infection.  It is likely a potential etiological factor contributing to neonatal unexplained prolonged indirect hyperbilirubinemia. ","PeriodicalId":515760,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences","volume":"306 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140472046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroplasticity: A Shrouded Self-Recovery","authors":"Muhammad Asif Naveed","doi":"10.54393/pjhs.v5i01.1287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v5i01.1287","url":null,"abstract":"The human brain is a replica of a well-integrated universe within which light fleets in swathes and heralds the secrets of its unprecedented steadfastness and coherence. The human universe, called brain has been designed capacious enough to withhold the impacts of barter along with the adroitness of guiding the fluid dynamics of majestic human creatures. It was not until 1948 that Jerzy Konorski coined this neuro-physiological dexterity into the term ‘neuroplasticity’. The word is the true depiction of its functional mastery over making sophisticated humans adapt to any sort of internal or external change in the environment, through sharing the intense impulses of response with the neurons in closer proximity. This commitment to adaptation leads to either a renovated, recess, or re-establishment relay of neuron connections in brain, named synapses.   \u0000This mechanism of self-recovery has been recently incorporated into practical therapy, owing to the flush of discoveries, enlightening both the people of science and laymen with its benefits. Neuroplasticity has been applied in the models of nervous degeneration, cognition, learning, and memory decline translating into flabbergasting outcomes among patients of Alzheimer, stroke, traumatic brain injury, epilepsy, and aging deterioration [1]. The technique has also unwound its potencies to psychologist and psychosocial activists that now recommend neuroplasticity-stimulating exercises to patients of depression and anger issues. \u0000A Question arises on how such a complete package of control is achieved by humans. Research shows and argues that it can be attained in a myriad of ways, no one roadmap has yet been formulated. Certain proteins, molecular switches, high fat diets, muscle vibrations, enforced habitual reinforcements, and conditional piquing of neurons’ originator cells onset and drive the plasticity of the neurons. A contemporary scientific investigation on the effects of virtual reality exposure to rats concluded that it fine-tuned the hippocampus region of the brain unveiled through ‘eta’ waves that were associated with storing memory [2]. Debates are underway whether neuroplasticity is the facilitator of new cranial rewiring or simply an enhancer of existing brain abilities. \u0000Future implications of neuroplasticity include its manifestation in the guise of artificial intelligence (AI). The success in proliferation of AI has been counter-argued with the extent of its ability to interpret and respond to unexpected and untaught stimuli. But the unearthing of systems such as SynapShot, a real time fluorescent apparatus developed to visualize brain’s impulse connections,  heralds a before long translation of neuroplastic codes into machine language [3]. To arrive at such approaches the need of hour is to fully unlock and explore the mightiness of the plasticity horizons of the neurons, that imitate the ideology of galaxies. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":515760,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences","volume":"181 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140475663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}