Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Comparison of Transvaginal Ultrasound Cervical Length with Bishop Score in Predicting Cesarean Section after Labor Induction","authors":"Hina Pirzada, Nosheena Shabbier, Iffat Ara, Samar Hussain, R. Akram, Shabana Khokhar","doi":"10.54393/pjhs.v5i07.1695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v5i07.1695","url":null,"abstract":"A critical aspect of obstetric care aimed at initiating or augmenting childbirth when natural processes are deemed insufficient or unsafe, employing various methods to ensure maternal and fetal well-being Objective: To compare the transvaginal ultrasound cervical length with bishop score in predicting cesarean section after labor induction. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Azad Jammu Kashmir Medical College (AJKMC), Muzaffarabad from January 2023 to June 2023. A total of 110 pregnant women aged 18 to 35 years having gestational age ≤ 40 weeks were included who underwent transvaginal ultrasound (TVS) for measuring cervical length (CL) measurement and Bishop Score assessment before labor induction. Primary outcomes included cesarean section rates post-induction, with secondary outcomes covering maternal and neonatal variables. Results: The study involved 110 participants, with a mean age of 25.9 ± 4.00 years. Mean Bishop Score was 4.53 ± 2.06, and the mean cervical length measured by transvaginal ultrasound was 26.6 ± 7.37 mm. Misoprostol was the primary induction method (65.5%), with an overall Cesarean Section rate of 35.5%. Comparing CS and VD groups, BS was lower in CS (3.74 ± 2.20 vs. 4.96 ± 1.86, p = 0.005), while CL was higher (31.1 ± 6.70 mm vs. 24.1 ± 6.53 mm, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Our study found that transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) measurement of cervical length (CL) >27 mm demonstrated superior predictive ability for cesarean section (CS) following labor induction compared to the Bishop Score (BS) ≤5.","PeriodicalId":515760,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences","volume":"7 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141920637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disturbed Eating Attitude and Body Shape Apprehension in University Students in Karachi, Pakistan","authors":"Nida Anwar, Saima Ali, Mafia Shahzadi, Mahad Baig, Dua Bushra","doi":"10.54393/pjhs.v5i02.1297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v5i02.1297","url":null,"abstract":"Eating attitudes play a crucial role in the overall well-being of individuals, particularly among university students who often face various academic, social, and personal stressors. Objective: To examine eating attitudes and body shape apprehensions among university students in Karachi, Pakistan, with a particular focus on private and public institutions. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was utilized to address this objective, selecting 200 students from private sector universities and 200 from public sector universities in Karachi, Pakistan, using purposive sampling. The participants, aged between 19 and (M=22.55, SD=1.813), completed a respondent's profile form, the Eating Attitude Test-26, and the Body Shape Questionnaire-16. Results: The findings revealed that undergraduates in public universities exhibited a significantly higher prevalence of disturbed eating attitudes compared to their counterparts in private universities. However, both groups of students experienced body image concerns at a relatively similar level. Additionally, first-year students in both private and public universities demonstrated significantly higher levels of body shape apprehension and disturbed eating attitudes compared to final-year students. Furthermore, students in social sciences exhibited more body shape apprehension and disturbed eating attitudes than their counterparts in science, engineering, and management faculties in both university sectors. Conclusions: This study underscores the noteworthy issue of disturbed eating attitudes and body shape concerns among university students in Karachi. To curb this problem among undergraduates, diligent monitoring and preventive measures are imperative.  ","PeriodicalId":515760,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences","volume":"59 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140408575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling Urinary Incontinence: A Holistic Examination of Demographics, Risk Factors, and Pregnancy-Associated Dynamics","authors":"A. Ismail, Iqra Bibi, Faryal Jahan","doi":"10.54393/pjhs.v5i02.1298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v5i02.1298","url":null,"abstract":"The pervasiveness of urinary incontinence (UI) is very high in pregnant females due to various physiological changes during pregnancy. So, its global burden has increased to 41%. Objective: To determine the demographics, physical activity, family history and mode of delivery as possible factors responsible for UI among females during pregnancy. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted for one year in Rural Health Centres Kangra and Kot Najibullah, District Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, from Dec 1 2022 to Nov 30, 2023, involving 311 women aged 25-45 years, examining UI. It encompasses demographic profiles, prevalent risk factors, and nuanced dimensions during pregnancy. The findings delineate the participants' demographic characteristics, showcasing an average middle age with indications of overweight status. Results: It highlights the multifaceted nature of UI by associating it with various comorbidities, notably emphasizing the prevalence of high blood pressure and diabetes mellitus. The detailed exploration of UI during pregnancy reveals the predominance of stress-based types and varying severity levels. Moreover, this study offers insights into the impact of pregnancy on UI, illustrating a notable increase post-pregnancy. Conclusions: The information related to UI and its associated factors contributes valuable knowledge to healthcare professionals and physicians. They can provide tailored interventions and supportive therapeutic strategies to the individuals affected by UI and its etiological factors.  ","PeriodicalId":515760,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140411951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Impact of Self-Medication with Antibiotics Among Medical Students","authors":"Sadia Rehman, M. Sarfraz, Saira Bano, Aasia Ismail, Asma Naveed, Anum Malik","doi":"10.54393/pjhs.v5i02.1242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v5i02.1242","url":null,"abstract":"Self-medication is different from self-care in that it uses drugs, which might be helpful or detrimental. According to a number of studies, improper self-medication carries significant health concerns like unpleasant side effects, prolonged pain, and drug dependence. Objective: To explore the adverse effects of self-medication with antibiotics among medical students. Methods: Over the course of seven months, from November 2022 to May 2023, a multi-institutional cross-sectional study was conducted at the University Medical and Dental College of the University of Faisalabad and Bahria University Health Sciences, Karachi (BUHS). The ethical approval was obtained from the Ethical Review Committee of BUHS (Ref: ERC/05/2023) and Institutional Review Board of The University of Faisalabad (Ref: TUF/IRB/153/2022). A sample size was calculated by OpenEpi website calculator. Microsoft excel was used to store the data and IBM SPSS version 23.0 was used for data analysis. A self-designed performa was used to collect data. Results: There was a total of 1340 students in our survey, and an equal number of students 670 (50%) were recruited from each institute. 414 (61.8%) students from BUHS and 494 (73.7%) from UMDC were found to have self-medication practices. 39.9% and 38.2% of the students from 1st year and 2nd year of medical education were found to self-medicate. 69.5% of the hostelite students were found to self-medicate antibiotics. Conclusions: Our research can be concluded as self-medication of antibiotics is a common practice among future health care professionals, with the highest incidence seen in the 1st and 2nd year of medical education. Several adverse symptoms arising due to this practice were seen with the highest being tiredness and dizziness. ","PeriodicalId":515760,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences","volume":"19 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140412940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attributes of Low Back pain among Physical Therapists and Nurses in Pakistan","authors":"Shahid Badar, Sara Aamir Abro, Bushra Marium Zaman, Kashmala Zia, Obaida Arzoo, Khadijatul Ain Sandeela, Madiha Peer Muhammad, Komal Ansari","doi":"10.54393/pjhs.v5i02.1295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v5i02.1295","url":null,"abstract":"Low back pain is localized between the region of the 12th rib and less to the gluteal folds either radiating or not radiating to the lower limb. The prevalence of low back pain in Pakistan is about 41.4 percent. But all over the world, the Physical therapist's rate of work-related musculoskeletal problems is about 57 percent. Objective: To determine the attributes of low back pain among physical therapists and nurses in Pakistan. Methods: A cross-sectional study was done from August 2023 to January 2024, throughout Pakistan. A sample size of 661 was divided into two groups. The sampling technique was non-probability purposive sampling. There were two measurement tools used Visual Analog Scale and the Oswestry Disability Index scale to rule out pain and the level of disability. The data were analyzed through SPSS version 23.0 software. Results: The total number of participants was 661, of which 247 were physical therapists and 414 were nurses recruited from all over Pakistan. The pain was measured through the VAS and disability was measured by ODI. The Physical therapists felt mild pain in about 123(49.79%), and they faced no disability in about 127(51.41%)  and nurses felt moderate pain in about 212(51.20%) and they have not faced disability in about 306(73.91%). Conclusions: Our study concluded the prevalence of low back pain is found in both nurses and physical therapists but the level of pain is higher in nurses as compared to a physical therapist due to the lack of ergonomics knowledge among the nurse population. ","PeriodicalId":515760,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140411654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patients Satisfaction Towards Quality of Nursing Care at a Public Sector Tertiary Care Hospital Karachi","authors":"Tariq Afridi, Amjad Ali, Afsar Ali, Subia Naz","doi":"10.54393/pjhs.v5i02.1263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v5i02.1263","url":null,"abstract":"Care is seen as a significant element of health amenities. The most anticipated health outcomes are achieved by providing treatments that are effective, efficient, and cost-effective. Objective: To assess the level of patient’s satisfaction towards the quality of nursing care at a public sector tertiary care hospital in Karachi. Methods: This cross-sectional study was accompanied by 312 patients admitted to public sector hospital. Non-probability purposive sampling technique was used for data collection. Those patients who have been admitted for more than three days in various departments. Data were collected after approval Institutional Review Committee (IRC) of the Dow Institute of Nursing and Midwifery (DIONAM) and the Ethical Review Committee (ERC) of the National Institute of Cardiovascular Disease (NICVD). Data were analyzed on SPSS-version 25.0. Frequency and percentage were measured from categorical data. An Independent t-test was run to find out the relationship of patient’s satisfaction and with demographic characteristics of the study participants. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. Results: The findings highlighted that the majority (55%) of the study participants were male and 79% were married. Furthermore, the highest satisfaction level (90.7) was found in the domain of nurse’s communication, and the lowest level of satisfaction score 81.8% found in the discharge domain. Moreover, the overall patient’s satisfaction score of all domains was 93.3%. Conclusions: The findings of this study concluded that the majority of the admitted patients strongly agreed with the quality of nursing care. Furthermore, the nurse’s communication domain showed a higher level of satisfaction among all domains.  ","PeriodicalId":515760,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences","volume":"30 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140413184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Emotional Intelligence on the Well-Being of Students from Public Sector Medical College; Mediating Role of Perceived Stress","authors":"Saima Latif, Kamal Dickson, Sameen Hanif","doi":"10.54393/pjhs.v5i02.1281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v5i02.1281","url":null,"abstract":"Healthcare sector play key role for the wellbeing of overall society. This tiring job of providing efficient and effective healthcare services has severe consequences on the health and personal life of healthcare workers. Previously, studies have emphasized on the wellbeing of the healthcare workers, however, students of medical profession were ignored even they go through the burden while learning the theoretical courses and practical exposure in hospitals. The pressure of theoretical classes and rotational trainings in the hospitals causes stress and ultimately influence their wellbeing. Objective: To investigates the relationship between emotional intelligence and psychological well-being (Life satisfaction and Happiness) of the medical students through mediation of perceived stress. Methods: Self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 350 MBBS and BSN students of Allama Iqbal Medical College through convenient sampling. Consent of the respondents, privacy and other ethical requirements were fulfilled. Finally, 201 (MBBS; 103, BSN; 98) medical students from Allama Iqbal Medical College responded the questionnaire. SPSS version 21.0 was used to analyze the data. Results: The results revealed that there exists positive and significant relationship between emotional intelligence and medical student’s well-being (Life satisfaction and Happiness). Further, perceived stress significantly mediates the relationship of emotional intelligence and wellbeing. Conclusions: This study results found that emotional intelligence and medical student’s well-being (Life satisfaction and Happiness) have positive and significant association. ","PeriodicalId":515760,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140413265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the Shadows: The Alarming Link Between Sleep Irregularity and Dementia","authors":"Riffat Mehboob","doi":"10.54393/pjhs.v5i02.1316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v5i02.1316","url":null,"abstract":"Nature has beautifully planned nocturnal hours during which neurobiological processes critical for the preservation of cognitive health and prevention of dementia take place. Irregular sleeping may interfere with the brain’s function of eliminating neurotoxic, and results in onset of neurodegeneration. Studies have revealed a surprising relationship between irregular sleeping and dementia.  \u0000Dementia is known to be major cause of disability and mortality worldwide. According to WHO, estimated 55 million  individual suffering with dementia globally and this number is expected to raise up to 140 million in 2050 [1]. A variety of neurodegenerative diseases comes under dementia, and they are all characterized by a loss of cognitive abilities including memory, language, problem-solving, and the capacity to carry out daily tasks. Alzheimer disease is the most common form and may contribute to 60–70% of all cases. It is due to accumulation of beta-amyloid.  \u0000Irregular sleeping has become a widespread problem that is silently draining millions of people's cognitive capacities and may even be the precursor to dementia. Findings have shown U-shaped relationship between sleep regularity and dementia risk. Very irregular and overly consistent sleep patterns, both are linked to a higher risk of dementia.  \u0000Previous studies have shown the association between irregular sleeping and dementia but does not prove that dementia is caused by irregular sleep. Future studies, including longer follow-up periods and inquiries into the underlying molecular mechanisms, are required to better understand the complicated link between sleep regularity and dementia. It would be helpful to conduct further intervention trials aimed at improving irregular sleep in individuals with highly variable sleep patterns in order to ascertain whether restoring regular sleep patterns actually enhances brain health.   \u0000Currently, there is no treatment available for any of the prevalent form of dementia, including frontotemporal dementia, Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, and Lewy body dementia. Individual with dementia can preserve the quality of life and well-being by engaging in physical activity and by maintaining the social connections that stimulate brain functioning. Some tips can be followed to improve sleep, such as maintaining a regular sleep schedule or abstaining from caffeine and stimulating screen time 1-2 hours before bed or by consulting your doctor for assistance and to discuss your sleep issues, habits, and general health.  \u0000In summary, the connection between sleep disorders and dementia serves as a warning, drawing attention to a frequently overlooked aspect that may be essential to prevent a wave of subsequent cognitive deterioration. ","PeriodicalId":515760,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences","volume":"2020 29","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140416181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health System Preparedness, Response, and Incidence of Dengue in District Mianwali","authors":"Fatima Naseem, Muhammad Iftikhar Khattak, Faisal Rashid, Samia Nasim, Mustafa Khalid Waheed, Javaria Mustafa","doi":"10.54393/pjhs.v5i02.1312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v5i02.1312","url":null,"abstract":"Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral infection caused by the dengue virus. It has 4 different serotypes and is mainly spread by Aedes mosquitoes. The disease is a significant public health problem worldwide. Objective: Assess district health system preparedness for Dengue outbreaks, identify gaps, strengthen surveillance, and determine incidence post-preventive measures. Methods: The study was a mixed-method design, using both qualitative and quantitative approaches. A cross-sectional design was used to assess the incidence of dengue. Results: A total of 118 participants were selected for questionnaire-based interviews out of which 47.9% were male and 51.3% were females. The average age of the participants was 38.58 ± 9.63 with a minimum age of 24 years and minimum age of 55 years was observed. Overall 8.4% of the participants belonged to the Supervisor cadre, 5.9% were entomologists, 32.8% were CDC supervisors and 52.1% were clinical doctors. Most healthcare professionals find it easy to diagnose and report a case of dengue fever. Only 0.85% of the participants felt it very difficult to diagnose and report a dengue case, 45.76% felt somewhat easy and 44.07% felt very easy in reporting a dengue case. Some of the participants 9.32% neither felt it easy nor difficult to report dengue cases. Conclusions: Punjab, Pakistan's dengue surveillance system has improved but needs further enhancements in case detection, reporting, communication, and stakeholder collaboration. The province has established dengue monitoring units and implemented a comprehensive reporting system. ","PeriodicalId":515760,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences","volume":"5 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140408301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Urinary Incontinency with COPD Severity: An Analytical Cross-sectional Study","authors":"Asma Lashari, Umama Irfan, Khizra Hamid, Raheel Munawar, Sumbal Salik, Zeeshan Mushtaq, Amna Khalid","doi":"10.54393/pjhs.v5i02.1278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v5i02.1278","url":null,"abstract":"Large number of patients suffers from urinary incontinence (UI) with COPD leading to urine leakage and affecting their quality of life. Objective: To determine the prevalence and association of UI among with the severity of COPD patients. Methods: The cross sectional study was conducted from February 2023 to June 2023 in Ghurki Teaching Trust Hospital, Shalimar Hospital and Gangaram Hospital. 230 male patients of age 45-65 years suffering with COPD were selected by using convenient sampling technique. The demographic data and International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire- Urinary Incontinence Short Form (ICIQ-UI SF) were used collected. SPSS version 26.0 along with Chi-square was used for analysis with p-value <0.05. Results: The results showed that 36 (15.7%) suffering with mild COPD, 142 (61.7%) had moderate COPD and 52 (22.6%) had severe COPD in which 33 (14.3%) experience have no urine incontinency, 25 (10.9%) had urge Incontinence, 154 (67%) had stress Incontinence and 18 (7.8%) had mixed Incontinence. Additionally; moderate COPD had shown significant association with stress incontinency with Chi-square value of 188.58 and p-value =0.00 and with the leakage of urine on coughing/ sneezing, during any physical activity/ exercise and all the time with value of 143.37, p-value = 0.00. Conclusions: The study concluded that UI is highly prevalent in COPD patients as stress and urge incontinency is highly prevalent among moderate and severe patients respectively, associated with coughing/ sneezing and physical activity/ exercises. ","PeriodicalId":515760,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences","volume":"72 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140408689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}