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West Nile Virus in Italy: An Update of the Viral Strains Circulating in the Late 2022 Epidemic Season 意大利的西尼罗河病毒：2022 年末流行季节病毒株的最新情况

Zoonotic Diseases Pub Date : 2024-02-05 DOI: 10.3390/zoonoticdis4010006

F. Valleriani, A. Polci, F. Iapaolo, O. Portanti, M. Pisciella, A. Cersini, A. Guercio, I. Del Lesto, V. Curini, Luana Fiorella Mincarelli, Francesca Gucciardi, C. De Liberato, G. Purpari, Giorgia Amatori, D. Morelli, G. Savini, F. Monaco

{"title":"West Nile Virus in Italy: An Update of the Viral Strains Circulating in the Late 2022 Epidemic Season","authors":"F. Valleriani, A. Polci, F. Iapaolo, O. Portanti, M. Pisciella, A. Cersini, A. Guercio, I. Del Lesto, V. Curini, Luana Fiorella Mincarelli, Francesca Gucciardi, C. De Liberato, G. Purpari, Giorgia Amatori, D. Morelli, G. Savini, F. Monaco","doi":"10.3390/zoonoticdis4010006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/zoonoticdis4010006","url":null,"abstract":"West Nile virus (WNV) (Flaviviridae, Flavivirus) infection is a mosquito-borne zoonosis able of causing disease and death in humans and animals. Over the past decade, WNV infections have been a significant public health concern in Europe, and Italy has been among the most affected countries since 2008. The 2022 vector season has been characterized by an intense and early circulation of WNV. This report describes cases of co-circulation of WNV L1 and of WNV L2 occurring at the end of the 2022 vector season in Sicily and Tuscany, regions where no strains had ever been sequenced. The phylogenetic analysis of the detected strains confirmed the peculiar WNV scenario that has characterized the Italian West Nile disease (WND) epidemic since its appearance. The circulation observed in Tuscany was in fact a consequence of the spread of endemic strains to new areas while the Sicilian episodes were linked to new introductions of WNV L1 and L2 strains likely from other European countries.","PeriodicalId":515439,"journal":{"name":"Zoonotic Diseases","volume":"3 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139804118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

West Nile Virus in Italy: An Update of the Viral Strains Circulating in the Late 2022 Epidemic Season 意大利的西尼罗河病毒：2022 年末流行季节病毒株的最新情况

Zoonotic Diseases Pub Date : 2024-02-05 DOI: 10.3390/zoonoticdis4010006

F. Valleriani, A. Polci, F. Iapaolo, O. Portanti, M. Pisciella, A. Cersini, A. Guercio, I. Del Lesto, V. Curini, Luana Fiorella Mincarelli, Francesca Gucciardi, C. De Liberato, G. Purpari, Giorgia Amatori, D. Morelli, G. Savini, F. Monaco

{"title":"West Nile Virus in Italy: An Update of the Viral Strains Circulating in the Late 2022 Epidemic Season","authors":"F. Valleriani, A. Polci, F. Iapaolo, O. Portanti, M. Pisciella, A. Cersini, A. Guercio, I. Del Lesto, V. Curini, Luana Fiorella Mincarelli, Francesca Gucciardi, C. De Liberato, G. Purpari, Giorgia Amatori, D. Morelli, G. Savini, F. Monaco","doi":"10.3390/zoonoticdis4010006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/zoonoticdis4010006","url":null,"abstract":"West Nile virus (WNV) (Flaviviridae, Flavivirus) infection is a mosquito-borne zoonosis able of causing disease and death in humans and animals. Over the past decade, WNV infections have been a significant public health concern in Europe, and Italy has been among the most affected countries since 2008. The 2022 vector season has been characterized by an intense and early circulation of WNV. This report describes cases of co-circulation of WNV L1 and of WNV L2 occurring at the end of the 2022 vector season in Sicily and Tuscany, regions where no strains had ever been sequenced. The phylogenetic analysis of the detected strains confirmed the peculiar WNV scenario that has characterized the Italian West Nile disease (WND) epidemic since its appearance. The circulation observed in Tuscany was in fact a consequence of the spread of endemic strains to new areas while the Sicilian episodes were linked to new introductions of WNV L1 and L2 strains likely from other European countries.","PeriodicalId":515439,"journal":{"name":"Zoonotic Diseases","volume":"43 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139864112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Prevalence of Leptospira Serovars in African Giant Pouched Rats (Cricetomys spp.) from the Ngorongoro Conservation Area, Tanzania 坦桑尼亚恩戈罗恩戈罗保护区非洲巨袋鼠（Cricetomys spp.）

Zoonotic Diseases Pub Date : 2024-01-23 DOI: 10.3390/zoonoticdis4010005

P. N. Kahangwa, A. Kitegile, Robert S. Machang’u, G. Mhamphi, Abdul S. Katakweba

{"title":"The Prevalence of Leptospira Serovars in African Giant Pouched Rats (Cricetomys spp.) from the Ngorongoro Conservation Area, Tanzania","authors":"P. N. Kahangwa, A. Kitegile, Robert S. Machang’u, G. Mhamphi, Abdul S. Katakweba","doi":"10.3390/zoonoticdis4010005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/zoonoticdis4010005","url":null,"abstract":"Leptospirosis, also known as Weil’s disease, is a febrile tropical disease of humans and diverse animals. The maintenance hosts of the infectious pathogen, Leptospira spp., are primarily rodents, while other warm-blooded animals and some reptiles are secondary or transient hosts of this pathogen. African giant pouched rats (Cricetomys spp.) have been identified to be important maintenance hosts of pathogenic leptospires in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. This study assessed the seroprevalence of Leptospira spp. in the African giant pouched rats of the Ngorongoro Conservation Area (NCA), Tanzania, where there is close human, domestic animal, and wildlife interaction. A total of 50 African giant pouched rats were sampled between July 2020 and December 2021. Blood sera were screened for specific leptospiral antibodies using a microscopic agglutination test (MAT), while urine and kidney tissues were examined for the pathogen and pathogen-specific genes using cultures and polymerase chain reactions (PCR), respectively. The pathogen detection varied from 0% in cultures to 6% via the MAT and 20% via PCR. The Fisher exact test was applied to compare positive cases detected through the diagnostic tests, and showed a significant difference in the indirect and direct detection of Leptospira serovars via the MAT and PCR. We conclude that pathogenic Leptospira serovar are found in the NCA and recommend that the NCA authority raises awareness of the existence of the Leptospira serovar in giant African pouched rats, and possibly other rodents. The NCA should initiate appropriate management strategies, including the guided disposal of household garbage, which is the major attractant of rodents to residential areas. Where necessary, the NCA should carry out limited rodent control and periodic monitoring of the pathogen carrier (rodent) populations.","PeriodicalId":515439,"journal":{"name":"Zoonotic Diseases","volume":"44 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139604226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

“Small Wins” for those with Lyme Disease in Canada: Patients in an Embodied Health Movement 加拿大莱姆病患者的 "小胜利"：体现健康运动中的患者

Zoonotic Diseases Pub Date : 2024-01-22 DOI: 10.3390/zoonoticdis4010004

Marilyn Cox, Mario Levesque

引用次数: 0

Dominance of Diarrheagenic E. coli Virulent Types in Integrated Crop–Livestock Farms and Their Antibiotic Resistance Patterns 农牧结合农场中腹泻型大肠杆菌病毒类型的优势及其抗生素耐药性模式

Zoonotic Diseases Pub Date : 2024-01-12 DOI: 10.3390/zoonoticdis4010003

Arpita Aditya, Dita Julianingsih, Z. Tabashsum, Zabdiel Alvarado-Martinez, Chuan-Wei Tung, M. Wall, Debabrata Biswas

{"title":"Dominance of Diarrheagenic E. coli Virulent Types in Integrated Crop–Livestock Farms and Their Antibiotic Resistance Patterns","authors":"Arpita Aditya, Dita Julianingsih, Z. Tabashsum, Zabdiel Alvarado-Martinez, Chuan-Wei Tung, M. Wall, Debabrata Biswas","doi":"10.3390/zoonoticdis4010003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/zoonoticdis4010003","url":null,"abstract":"Microbial ecology on integrated crop–livestock farms (ICLFs) can impact food safety through pathogen transfer between animals and crops. Recent reports of pathogen-contaminated products sold in local organic retail, roadside, and farmers markets highlight the need for assessment of the ecological patterns of bacterial pathogens. This study investigated the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of the virulent type of diarrheagenic E. coli in ICLFs. Over two years, 2973 samples from ICLFs and markets in Maryland and Washington DC were analyzed. Diarrheagenic E. coli was found in 4.30% (128/2973) of collected samples, with a higher isolation rate in environmental (4.42%, 59/1332) and produce (4.20%, 69/1641) samples. Overall, livestock bedding materials had the highest prevalence (8.51%, 4/47). Post-harvest produce exhibited a lower contamination rate of 1.32% (10/756), whereas pre-harvest produce had a higher incidence with 6.67% contamination (59/885), indicating the presence of E. coli. Alarmingly, 92.30% (72/78) of pathogenic E. coli isolates were resistant to common antibiotics. The findings highlight potential risks associated with integrated farming practices and emphasize the importance of safe harvesting and post-harvesting measures, particularly in the context of the growing popularity of local integrated farming. Implementing precautions at on-farm and market levels is crucial to mitigate the risk of antibiotic-resistant E. coli-related enteric illnesses, safeguarding both consumers and the integrity of integrated farming systems.","PeriodicalId":515439,"journal":{"name":"Zoonotic Diseases","volume":"56 35","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139532911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Zoonoses: Changing, Challenging, and Increasing Global Disease Threats 人畜共患病：不断变化、挑战和增加的全球疾病威胁

Zoonotic Diseases Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3390/zoonoticdis4010002

Stephen Wikel

引用次数: 0