Indian Journal of Cardiovascular Disease in Women最新文献

{"title":"Predicting Coronary Artery Disease with Carotid Intima-media Thickness: Does Gender Matter","authors":"C. Satpathy, Trinath Kumar Mishra, Anshu Kumar Jha","doi":"10.25259/ijcdw_7_2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ijcdw_7_2024","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of coronary artery disease (CAD) worldwide. The gold standard for diagnosing CAD is by doing coronary angiography but this is an invasive procedure. Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) is a non-invasive procedure which is suggested to correlate with CAD.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000It was a cross-sectional study of 87 subjects who underwent angiography and carotid ultrasound for CIMT. They were divided into male and female groups with or without angiographically proven CAD. Correlations were made between the CIMT and presence of CAD and between CIMT and severity of CAD. The presence of plaque and its association with CAD was also studied.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Mean value of CIMT was 0.865 mm and plaque was present in 30% of the cases. In males, the severity of CAD has association with CIMT but this was not found in female gender. CIMT does not correlate with the presence or absence of CAD in either gender but the values of CIMT correlate well with the severity of CAD. This means that, higher the CIMT value more the number of vessels affected on angiography and the value with best sensitivity and specificity (from this study) was 0.88 mm. However, this correlation of CIMT with severity of CAD was restricted to male gender as findings were insignificant for females. Furthermore, the presence, morphology, or echogenicity of plaque does not correlate with severity of CAD in either gender.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Predicting CAD from CIMT value is still inconclusive and requires further studies to look for correlations.\u0000","PeriodicalId":515188,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Cardiovascular Disease in Women","volume":"23 s1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141008062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiation Safety for Women in Cardiology: Myths and Important Messages","authors":"Sonya N. Burgess, M. Alasnag, Lim Ing Haan, Takahashi Saeko, Antonia A. Lukito, Aasyha Cader, Fazila Malik, Cindy R. Towns, Sarah Fairley, Roxana Mehran, Sarita Rao","doi":"10.25259/ijcdw_10_2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ijcdw_10_2024","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate fertility-based radiation safety data, education and knowledge is important for all staff exposed to occupational radiation. Women are under-represented in all medical fields with increased exposure to occupational radiation, to achieve better equity in our medical workforces evidence-based radiation safety knowledge is essential to overcoming perceived career barriers. This review of radiation safety policy and data focuses on providing health professions working in cardiology with accurate contemporary information about potential radiation exposure with respect to fetal risk for pregnant health professionals. The data summarized within this review shows when women continue to work in cardiac catheterization laboratories through pregnancy their expected occupational radiation exposure with appropriate shielding, will not meaningfully change pregnancy outcomes, nor will it significantly increase risk to the fetus. The review also summarizes international workplace policy for radiation exposure and monitoring and provides recommendations for ongoing safe practice.","PeriodicalId":515188,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Cardiovascular Disease in Women","volume":"6 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141014488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasma Homocysteine Levels as Cardiovascular Disease Risk vis-a-vis Estrogen Levels in Pre and Postmenopausal Women","authors":"Likhitha Munnangi, K. S. Baba, Noorjahan Mohammed, O. Satish, M. V. Bhaskar, S. A. Khan, N. Sreedevi, Bhavya Sirivelu","doi":"10.25259/ijcdw_72_2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ijcdw_72_2023","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The objective of the study is to evaluate plasma homocysteine level and its relation with serum estrogen in pre and postmenopausal women as a risk factor in coronary artery disease (CAD).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A cross-sectional study was conducted among premenopausal (n = 50) and postmenopausal women (n = 50) with an estimation of plasma homocysteine (Hcy) and serum estradiol (E2). Postmenopausal women based on their angiographic status were sub-grouped into A (with normal coronaries) and B (with CAD).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The levels of Hcy, 21.98 (20.89–24.05) μmol/L, increased significantly (P < 0.0001) and that of E2, 3.05 (2.32–3.6) pg/mL, decreased significantly (P = 0.0001) in the postmenopausal group when compared to Hcy, 6.11 (4.94–8.27) μmol/L and E2, 26.37 (25.3–29) pg/mL in premenopausal group. The levels of Hcy were elevated (24.7 ± 3.92 μmol/L) in postmenopausal Group B in comparison with postmenopausal Group A (21.37 ± 3.31 μmol/L), P = 0.002. Logistic regression analysis showed Hcy and body mass index to be independent predictors of CAD. Plasma Hcy showed an area under curve (AUC) of 1.00 with sensitivity and specificity of 100% at cutoff >12.6 μmol/L between pre and postmenopausal groups and AUC of 0.722 with 60% sensitivity and 84% specificity at cutoff >23.7 μmol/L between postmenopausal Groups A and B.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000We observed low E2 and high Hcy levels in postmenopausal women in comparison with premenopausal women. Among postmenopausal women, those with CAD had higher Hcy levels. Assessing Hcy levels routinely in postmenopausal women will help in better risk prediction of CAD and may also help in conjunction with other risk factors to decide the initiation of hormone replacement therapy.\u0000","PeriodicalId":515188,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Cardiovascular Disease in Women","volume":" 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141129716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exercise-induced Brugada Type I Pattern of ECG in an Asymptomatic Adult","authors":"Sridevi Chigullapalli, S. Malani, A. Khan, Pratik Wadhokar","doi":"10.25259/ijcdw_38_2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ijcdw_38_2023","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":515188,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Cardiovascular Disease in Women","volume":"125 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140680406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do Hepatic Fibrosis and Steatosis Measured by Hepatic Transient Elastography (FibroScan) Predict Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: An Observational Cross-sectional Study","authors":"P. Goyal, Rahul Chopra, Omesh Goyal","doi":"10.25259/ijcdw_2_2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ijcdw_2_2024","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been associated with increased cardiovascular risk (CVR) in the previous studies. In the majority, ultrasonography has been used to diagnose and stage NAFLD, which lacks sensitivity and is non-quantitative. Other more sensitive, comprehensive, and quantitative diagnostic tools such as vibration-controlled transient elastography (TE) have largely been underused in research work. TE-driven liver stiffness measurement (LSM) and controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) provide an accurate and simplified estimation of liver fibrosis and steatosis, respectively. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the association between these two objective, robust parameters and CVR.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In this observational cross-sectional study, NAFLD participants were divided into two distinct categories of steatosis (CAP <290 and ≥290 dB) and fibrosis (LSM <10 and ≥10 kPa). Their CVR assessment was done by calculating Framingham risk score (FRS), American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Pooled Cohort Equation Score (ACC/AHA PCES), and carotid intimal medial thickness (CIMT).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A greater number of participants presented with mild-moderate fibrosis (n = 41, 62.1%) as compared to severe fibrosis (n = 25, 37.8%) whereas severe steatosis participants predominated (n = 52, 78%) as compared to mild-moderate steatosis. The presence of significant fibrosis (LSM ≥10 kPa) was independently and significantly associated with FRS, ACC/AHA PCES, and CIMT. On the other hand, the presence of significant steatosis (CAP ≥290 dB/m) was not significantly associated with any CVR marker (FRS, ACC/AHA PCES, or CIMT), though a greater number of participants with CIMT >0.7 belonged to severe steatosis group.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Subjects with severe fibrosis (LSM ≥10) had a significantly higher CVR, whereas severe steatosis (CAP ≥290) alone failed to predict CVR. Therefore, CVR reduction strategies can be targeted primarily in NAFLD subjects with fibrosis, particularly in resource-limited healthcare settings.\u0000","PeriodicalId":515188,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Cardiovascular Disease in Women","volume":"2 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140680982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Right Coronary Artery Aneurysm Masquerading as a Pericardial Cyst: A Case Report","authors":"Konda Bharath, K. Parvathareddy, Praveen Nagula, Birajdar Avinash","doi":"10.25259/ijcdw_11_2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ijcdw_11_2024","url":null,"abstract":"Coronary artery aneurysms (CAAs) or ectasias are dilatations of arterial segments, commonly detected as an incidental finding during angiography. The incidence of CAAs varies from 0.3% to 5.3%, mainly caused by atherosclerosis, though infections, inflammatory conditions, and connective tissue disorders can also contribute. Giant CAAs are rare with a reported prevalence of 0.02–0.2%. In our case, a 45-year-old female has been diagnosed with a giant aneurysm in the right coronary artery, which was initially misinterpreted as a pericardial cyst. In addition, she has a bicuspid aortic valve and severe aortic stenosis, hence advised for surgical management.","PeriodicalId":515188,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Cardiovascular Disease in Women","volume":"10 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140680918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salt Perception Threshold and Vascular risk in Prehypertensive Women Compared to Normotensive and Hypertensive Women","authors":"Vidya Ganji, Madhuri Taranikanti, Madhusudhan Umesh, K. M, I. Vamshidhar, N. John, Archana Gaur","doi":"10.25259/ijcdw_68_2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ijcdw_68_2023","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000To evaluate and compare the Salt perception threshold and vascular stiffness in pre-hypertensive women with that of normotensive and hypertensive women.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Study design – This was a cross-sectional study. A total of 440 adult females in the age group of 25–60 years from urban and rural areas were included in the study. After initial screening, the subjects were divided into three groups. Group I: Prehypertensive females; Group II: Hypertensive females; and Group III: Normotensive females. Salt perception threshold was determined by salt impregnated taste strips with sodium chloride at different concentrations. Vascular stiffness of the subjects was measured and compared using an oscillometric non-invasive arteriography.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The salt intake was higher by 2.1 g/day in Group I females and 5.6 g/day in Group II females when compared to Group III females. The salt detection threshold and SPT were higher significantly in pre-hypertensive females and much higher in hypertensive females compared to normotensive females. The mean values of brachial ankle pulse wave velocity (BaPWV) and carotid femoral pulse wave velocity (CFPWV) were found to be significantly higher in Group I females compared to normotensives.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000High SPT in prehypertensive females will lead to high consumption of salt to achieve taste satisfaction. A progressive reduction of salt in food is recommended in these females would significantly decrease the percent progression of pre-HTN to HTN decreasing the risk for cardiovascular morbidity.\u0000","PeriodicalId":515188,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Cardiovascular Disease in Women","volume":" 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140681010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peripheral Arterial Disease in Diabetes and its Relation to Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Women","authors":"D. Vanamali, H. Gara","doi":"10.25259/ijcdw_74_2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ijcdw_74_2023","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is characterized by occlusive disease in the abdominal aorta, iliac, and femoral arteries, leading to reduced blood flow and complications. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is known to contribute to the development and progression of PAD due to factors such as hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, endothelial dysfunction, and inflammation. However, PAD may be underdiagnosed in women with DM, leading to adverse cardiovascular outcomes. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of PAD in women with type 2 DM (T2DM) and its relationship with cardiovascular risk factors.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This hospital-based, cross-sectional, and observational study was conducted for a period of 3 months from June 10, 2023, to September 10, 2023, in the outpatient department of general medicine. After obtaining the approval from the Institutional Ethical Committee, the study was performed according to the Declarations of Helsinki and Good Clinical Practice requirements for human subject protection. Non-probability purposive sampling technique was used to enroll participants. Participants underwent face-to-face interviews and clinical examination. Sociodemographic data, medical history, and pharmacotherapy details were collected. Laboratory investigations were conducted, including blood glucose, lipid profile, and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) tests. The ankle-brachial index (ABI) was measured.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The results showed that the majority of the participants were between 50 and 70 years of age, married, and had a high school education. Participants had an average body mass index (BMI) indicating overweight, and the average duration of diabetes was 6.571 years. Hypertension was the most prevalent comorbidity. Overweight, obesity I, and obesity II were present in 15.25% (n = 19), 33.6% (n = 42), and 8.8% (n = 11), respectively. Average values for HbA1C, fasting blood glucose (FBG), and postprandial blood glucose (PPBG) were within the diabetic range. ABI was normal in the right side, left side, and bilateral in 43.2%, 56%, and 14.4% of participants, respectively. ABI was borderline on the right side, left side, and bilateral in 40.8%, 36.8%, and 22.4% of participants, respectively. PAD was observed on the right side, left side, and bilateral in 16%, 7.2%, and 4% of participants, respectively. BMI, duration of DM, glycosylated hemoglobin, FBG, and PPBG showed significant negative correlations with ABI. Age, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein did not show any statistically significant corelation with ABI.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The study highlighted the importance of screening for PAD in women with T2DM to improve cardiovascular outcomes. The findings shed light on the prevalence of risk factors for PAD and their association with the disease. These insights can contribute to the development of targeted interventions to reduce adverse clinical outcomes in this population.\u0000","PeriodicalId":515188,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Cardiovascular Disease in Women","volume":"123 50","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140680197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Platelet Indices for Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in Premenopausal Females with Metabolic Syndrome","authors":"H. Gara, D. Vanamali","doi":"10.25259/ijcdw_73_2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ijcdw_73_2023","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The study aimed to estimate platelet indices in premenopausal females with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and the prevalence of individual risk factors of MetS and their association with platelet indices.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000It was a hospital-based, cross-sectional, and observational study conducted for a period of 3 months with the 130 premenopausal females with MetS. The collected data comprised clinical profile, hematological parameters, fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum creatinine, and lipid profile and were subjected to statistical analysis with P < 0.05 as level of significance.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The mean age of the participants was 39.95 ± 3.44 years. Substance abuse of tobacco and alcohol was present in 9.23% and 5.37% of participants. Salt intake more than 5 g/day was confirmed by majority (86.15%). Waist circumference >80 centimeters (cm) was noted in 64.61% of participants. Body mass index in range of 25–29.9 kilograms (kg)/m2 and 30–40 kg/m2 was observed in 36.92% and 60.77%, respectively. Diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HTN) had prevalence of 86.92% and 30% of participants, respectively. FBG ≥100 mg/dL was observed in 43.84% participants. The participants with DM, HTN, and hyperlipidemia showed the highest mean platelet volume (MPV) value. Patients with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) >6.5% exhibited statistically significantly higher values of platelet distribution width, MPV, and platelet–large cell ratio. Platelet indices exhibited significant positive correlation with HbA1C, FBG, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and negative correlation with high-density lipoprotein.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The present study highlighted the high prevalence of components associated with MetS, notably hyperglycemia, HTN, and obesity. The study also elucidated the substantial impact of DM, HTN, and hyperlipidemia on platelet indices.\u0000","PeriodicalId":515188,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Cardiovascular Disease in Women","volume":"76 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140747249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infective Endocarditis Presenting as Endogenous Endophthalmitis and Multiple Cerebral Infarcts","authors":"M. Abdulla","doi":"10.25259/ijcdw_4_2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ijcdw_4_2024","url":null,"abstract":"A 60-year-old housewife as admitted with fever, pain and redness in her right eye for 2 days. She had right eye redness with haziness of the cornea, white fibrinous material in the anterior chamber, and vitreous in the posterior segment. She was evaluated and found to have Endogenous Endophthalmitis (EE) with multiple cerebral infarcts due to methicillin-sensitive coagulase-negative Staphylococcus endocarditis. The patient received intravitreal injections of vancomycin and ceftazidime. She received cefazolin 2 g thrice daily intravenously. The plan of vitrectomy was suggested as per the advice from the ophthalmologist but the relatives opted for conservative management. The patient went into multiorgan failure with disseminated intravascular coagulation and despite all efforts, she succumbed to her illness. Our patient had two extracardiac manifestations of IE together. The presence of any of these manifestations should raise suspicion of infective endocarditis (IE). We report a case of native mitral valve methicillin-sensitive coagulase-negative Staphylococcus endocarditis presenting with extracardiac manifestations. Our case reminds readers to be aware of endocarditis when evaluating patients with extracardiac manifestations like EE.","PeriodicalId":515188,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Cardiovascular Disease in Women","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140750603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}