International Regional Science Review最新文献

{"title":"The Impact of COVID-19 on Small Businesses in the US: A Longitudinal Study from a Regional Perspective.","authors":"Wei Kang, Qingfang Wang","doi":"10.1177/01600176221132230","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01600176221132230","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Small businesses have suffered disproportionately from the COVID-19 pandemic. We use near-real-time weekly data from the Small Business Pulse Survey (April 26, 2020 - June 17, 2021) to examine the constantly changing impact of COVID-19 on small businesses across the United States. A set of multilevel models for change are adopted to model the trajectories of the various kinds of impact as perceived by business owners (subjective) and those recorded for business operations (objective), providing insights into regional resilience from a small business perspective. The findings reveal spatially uneven and varied trajectories in both the subjectively and the objectively assessed impact of COVID-19 across the U.S., and the different responses to the pandemic shock can be explained by evolving health situations and public policies, as well as by the economic structure and degree of socioeconomic vulnerability in different areas. This study contributes to scholarship on small businesses and regional resilience, as well as identifying policies and practices that build economic resilience and regional development under conditions of global pandemic disruption.</p>","PeriodicalId":51507,"journal":{"name":"International Regional Science Review","volume":"46 1","pages":"235-264"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9577818/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44881030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do We Learn From Errors? The Economic Impact of Differentiated Policy Restrictions in Italy","authors":"Francesco Scotti, Andrea Flori, G. Bonaccorsi, F. Pammolli","doi":"10.1177/01600176231168027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01600176231168027","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the economic impact of the three tiers risk framework implemented in Italy against the COVID-19 pandemic during the Autumn of 2020. Exploiting a large-scale dataset encompassing daily credit card transactions mediated by a large Italian bank, we estimate a set of panel event study models to disentangle the impact of restrictions with low, medium and high stringency levels in terms of consumption reduction. We show that space-time differentiated policies tend to produce stronger welfare losses for progressively more stringent restrictions in specific sectors targeted by these policies such as Retail and Restaurants. However, when we compare provinces implementing the same level of policy stringency, we show that territories with higher income per capita and larger concentration of manufacturing and service activities experience both significantly worse economic and epidemiological performances. Overall, our results suggest that policy makers should properly account for local socio-economic characteristics when designing tailored restrictions entailing an equal and homogeneous impact across territories.","PeriodicalId":51507,"journal":{"name":"International Regional Science Review","volume":"46 1","pages":"613 - 648"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46535631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Multi-Technology Footprint of the National Broadband Network in Australia: Exploring the Urban-Regional Divide and Socio-spatial Patterns for Inequality","authors":"T. Alizadeh, E. Helderop, T. Grubesic, R. Ferrers","doi":"10.1177/01600176231168025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01600176231168025","url":null,"abstract":"The recent global pandemic renewed the importance of telecommunication infrastructure, as many COVID responses (e.g., working from home, home-schooling, e-commerce) were challenged by the inequity of access to broadband services and its underlying network. This paper examines the geospatial footprint of the National Broadband Network (NBN) in relation to the demographics of Australia’s cities and regions. Through data made available by the NBN, which describes the technologies used in its multi-technology mix platform, and published demographic data available via the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), we explore the equity of access to broadband technologies across the nation. The results show a persistent urban-regional divide in the NBN. The paper also offers a brief assessment of the complex and contradictory ways policy responses attempt to mitigate the digital divide, including updates to the national infrastructure project plans.","PeriodicalId":51507,"journal":{"name":"International Regional Science Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49056290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do Multifamily unit Rents Increase in Response to Light Rail in the Pre-service Period?","authors":"Qiong Peng, G. Knaap, Nicholas Finio","doi":"10.1177/01600176231162563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01600176231162563","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of transit investments on land and housing values are a longstanding topic of interest in part because the nature and timing of those effects are important for designing anti-displacement and land value capture strategies. For these reasons, we explore whether multifamily unit rents have increased in planned station areas before the Purple Line light rail project in Maryland is operational. We employ a difference-in-difference (DID) approach to explore this question and validate the DID results with a first difference approach. We find that rents for units located within one-half mile of anticipated stations did increase well before transit service is expected to begin, but only for units with two or more bedrooms. We suggest these results imply that anti-displacement and land value capture strategies are warranted and potentially viable, but to be effective they need to be adopted well before transit service begins. Further, our results suggest that in the case of the Purple Line in Maryland, such policies should focus on units located within one-half mile of proposed stations and concentrate on preserving affordable units with two or more bedrooms.","PeriodicalId":51507,"journal":{"name":"International Regional Science Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47167584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Militarized Conflict, Trade, and Economic Development in a Structural Equation Model With Spatial Considerations","authors":"Y. Mansury, Woosung Kim, Jingwen Li","doi":"10.1177/01600176231160495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01600176231160495","url":null,"abstract":"While conflict pervades virtually every aspect of society, there have been relatively few crossovers between Regional Science and Peace Science. This paper pays tribute to Walter Isard, pioneer of peace science research, and Kieran Donaghy, who has contributed to research on arms race dynamics and macroeconomic stability. We review studies that examine the impact of (i) trade on conflict, (ii) the economy on militarized disputes, and (iii) conflict on economic development. The analysis develops a structural equation model (SEM) to test the hypotheses simultaneously using the Correlates of War project data. Consistent with the liberal proposition, we found that the pacifying effect of trade is robust across alternative SEM specifications. Controlling for standard explanatory variables, the SEM estimates reveal that the indirect impact of economic development on conflict mediated by trade is statistically significant at the 0.1-percent level. Trade is, therefore, a critical intervening variable that transforms conflict-inducing economic expansion into a pacifying influence on militarized disputes. The spatial version of the SEM confirms that democracies do not attack each other. While trade does not appear to have a local spillover effect on conflict, proximity to neighboring democracies does lead to fewer conflicts. The final hypothesis argues that conflict affects national economic performance, which Donaghy refuted in his 1995 Conflict Management and Peace Science paper. Consistent with Donaghy’s finding, the estimates reject the claim that conflict disrupts economic stability. The conclusion section discusses the implications for Kieran Donaghy’s larger body of work.","PeriodicalId":51507,"journal":{"name":"International Regional Science Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43998004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimate the City Size Threshold of Industrial Agglomeration Model: Evidence From Chinese Prefecture Level Cities","authors":"Yunjun Xiong, Weiyong Zou, Yao-ping Wang","doi":"10.1177/01600176231160489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01600176231160489","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the externality theory, this paper estimates the city size threshold of specialized agglomeration and diversified agglomeration. We find that when the urban population is below 1.25 million, specialized agglomeration is more advantageous for improving urban labor productivity. When the urban population exceeds 0.9 million, diversified agglomeration is more advantageous for improving urban labor productivity. Moreover, Specialized agglomeration of small and medium-sized cities is more likely to play the role of Marshall-Arrow-Romer externality within the spillover radius of regional central cities. One important policy suggestion is that for areas with small administrative regions and small population, it is better to increase the level of specialized agglomeration through industrial transfer, and for areas with large administrative regions and large population, it is better to increase the level of diversified agglomeration through industrial introduction, so as to further improve the urban economic efficiency.","PeriodicalId":51507,"journal":{"name":"International Regional Science Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45495909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regional Heterogeneity in the Individual Unemployment Vulnerability After COVID-19 Outset","authors":"A. Lopes, Ana Sargento","doi":"10.1177/01600176231160486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01600176231160486","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 crisis increased unemployment all over the World, with significant regional heterogeneity. This paper intends to analyze this territorial heterogeneity for the Portuguese case and investigate which regional factors complement personal and job characteristics in explaining individual vulnerability to COVID-19 unemployment. By considering personal, job and regional dimensions, we extended the literature and provided a more comprehensive understanding of this new phenomenon in the immediate and medium-term. Furthermore, this knowledge is essential to support policy suggestions for quick and effective action in preventing job losses in the current and future crises. Detailed information on all individuals that lost their jobs in Portugal 1 year after (and before) the COVID-19 outset was used to estimate three logit models that compare the odds of losing a job after and during the pandemic. Significant territorial heterogeneity of the COVID-19 impact on unemployment is obtained. Along with personal and job characteristics, we conclude that regional characteristics are essential for explaining individual vulnerabilities. In particular, workers are more prompted to lose their jobs if they live in regions with higher population densities, lower pre-crisis unemployment, and more dependable international flow. Conversely, individual and regional human capital investment contributes to protecting employment, revealing the existence of external effects.","PeriodicalId":51507,"journal":{"name":"International Regional Science Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43643892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Curb Allocation and Pick-Up Drop-Off Aggregation for a Shared Autonomous Vehicle Fleet","authors":"Christian B. Hunter, K. Kockelman, Shadi Djavadian","doi":"10.1177/01600176231160498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01600176231160498","url":null,"abstract":"Advances in information technologies and vehicle automation have birthed new transportation services, including shared autonomous vehicles (SAVs). Shared autonomous vehicles are on-demand self-driving taxis, with flexible routes and schedules, able to replace personal vehicles for many trips in the near future. The siting and density of pick-up and drop-off (PUDO) points for SAVs, much like bus stops, can be key in planning SAV fleet operations, since PUDOs impact SAV demand, route choices, passenger wait times, and network congestion. Unlike traditional human-driven taxis and ride-hailing vehicles like Lyft and Uber, SAVs are unlikely to engage in quasi-legal procedures, like double parking or fire hydrant pick-ups. In congested settings, like central business districts (CBD) or airport curbs, SAVs and others will not be allowed to pick up and drop off passengers wherever they like. This paper uses an agent-based simulation to model the impact of different PUDO locations and densities in the Austin, Texas CBD, where land values are highest and curb spaces are coveted. In this paper 18 scenarios were tested, varying PUDO density, fleet size and fare price. The results show that for a given fare price and fleet size, PUDO spacing (e.g., one block vs. three blocks) has significant impact on ridership, vehicle-miles travelled, vehicle occupancy, and revenue. A good fleet size to serve the region’s 80 core square miles is 4000 SAVs, charging a $1 fare per mile of travel distance, and with PUDOs spaced three blocks of distance apart from each other in the CBD.","PeriodicalId":51507,"journal":{"name":"International Regional Science Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42336415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public Health Development and Economic Growth: Evidence From Chinese Cities","authors":"Hui Zhang","doi":"10.1177/01600176231160494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01600176231160494","url":null,"abstract":"High-quality construction of public health system is the key to maintain social economic activities be ordered and stable. The aim of this study is to understand whether public health development can promote economic growth and how. We construct a public health development index combining the variables of local pollution control and health care by EVM method. Based on the panel data of Chinese 283 cities from 2004 to 2017, fixed effect model and two-stage least squares model are used to test the impact of public health development on economic growth. Then, we discuss the heterogeneous impact of public health development on economic growth though the threshold regression model, under different government intervention, employment population scale and urbanization ratio. What’s more, we discuss the possible transmission effect of three human capital mechanisms, namely mortality, consumption rate and employment population size between public health development and economic growth. The conclusions are: (1) For every 0.1 unit increase in public health development, the growth rate of real GDP can be increased by 5 percentage points, which can drive the nominal GDP growth by about 0.17 percentage points. (2) Public health development can promote economic growth regardless of the scale of urban employment population. Only when the urbanization ratio exceeds 70.87 and the government intervention level is lower than 0.058, the development of public health is conducive to the improvement of urban economic development. (3) Public health development helps to promote economic growth, mainly through two paths, reducing mortality and increasing human capital accumulation. And, reducing mortality is more conducive to urban economic growth than increasing human capital accumulation.","PeriodicalId":51507,"journal":{"name":"International Regional Science Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45739397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Evolution of Job Insecurity in Spatial Contexts in Europe During COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"B. Ibănescu, Alexandra Gheorghiu, Mioara Cristea, G. Pascariu, Pontus Leander","doi":"10.1177/01600176231160485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01600176231160485","url":null,"abstract":"Unemployment caused by the COVID-19 pandemic is of the utmost importance for governing bodies worldwide. Its constant increase during the last months is subject of major concern for both citizens and policy makers, as individuals might experience increased feelings of job insecurity due to the pandemic context and to the latest developments on the job market. Job insecurity refers to a perceived threat to the continuity and stability of employment as it is currently experienced and has a negative impact on the individuals’ quality of life. Many researches have linked job insecurity with low levels of well-being and high levels of stress, as well as local or national measures taken in job creation and job retention. Aside from individual factors, there are other critical influences that should be considered in order to better understand the dynamics of job insecurity against the COVID-19 pandemic. Such influences can come from regional features such as spatial, economic, or demographic characteristics, like gender, age, or education. The aim of the paper is to identify and spatially represent the variations and evolution of job insecurity during the on-going pandemic. Our analyses are based on the PsyCorona database (15.311 participants), a study with self-reported data deployed in countries all around the world, that monitored various psychological variables during the first pandemic waves. For the purpose of this research, data related to the first wave (March-July 2020) was selected. In order to get a better understanding of the spatial distribution of self-reported job insecurity, we chose to focus on eight European countries (France, Germany, Netherlands, United Kingdom, Greece, Romania, Spain, and Italy). Respondents from Western Europe countries expressed lower scores on self-reported job insecurity and less variance over time while those from Southern and Eastern Europe displayed higher scores for job insecurity and more variance. Moreover, we found that the higher the overall job insecurity is perceived in a country, the higher the discrepancies between age, gender, and education categories tend to be.","PeriodicalId":51507,"journal":{"name":"International Regional Science Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49655372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}