Ethics and Information Technology最新文献_第4页

Should we embrace “Big Sister”? Smart speakers as a means to combat intimate partner violence 我们应该拥抱“大姐”吗?智能音箱是对抗亲密伴侣暴力的一种手段

2区哲学

Ethics and Information Technology Pub Date : 2023-11-04 DOI: 10.1007/s10676-023-09727-5

Robert Sparrow, Mark Andrejevic, Bridget Harris

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引用次数: 0

Generative AI models should include detection mechanisms as a condition for public release 生成式人工智能模型应该包括检测机制，作为公开发布的条件

2区哲学

Ethics and Information Technology Pub Date : 2023-10-28 DOI: 10.1007/s10676-023-09728-4

Alistair Knott, Dino Pedreschi, Raja Chatila, Tapabrata Chakraborti, Susan Leavy, Ricardo Baeza-Yates, David Eyers, Andrew Trotman, Paul D. Teal, Przemyslaw Biecek, Stuart Russell, Yoshua Bengio

{"title":"Generative AI models should include detection mechanisms as a condition for public release","authors":"Alistair Knott, Dino Pedreschi, Raja Chatila, Tapabrata Chakraborti, Susan Leavy, Ricardo Baeza-Yates, David Eyers, Andrew Trotman, Paul D. Teal, Przemyslaw Biecek, Stuart Russell, Yoshua Bengio","doi":"10.1007/s10676-023-09728-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-023-09728-4","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The new wave of ‘foundation models’—general-purpose generative AI models, for production of text (e.g., ChatGPT) or images (e.g., MidJourney)—represent a dramatic advance in the state of the art for AI. But their use also introduces a range of new risks, which has prompted an ongoing conversation about possible regulatory mechanisms. Here we propose a specific principle that should be incorporated into legislation: that any organization developing a foundation model intended for public use must demonstrate a reliable detection mechanism for the content it generates, as a condition of its public release. The detection mechanism should be made publicly available in a tool that allows users to query, for an arbitrary item of content, whether the item was generated (wholly or partly) by the model. In this paper, we argue that this requirement is technically feasible and would play an important role in reducing certain risks from new AI models in many domains. We also outline a number of options for the tool’s design, and summarize a number of points where further input from policymakers and researchers would be required.","PeriodicalId":51495,"journal":{"name":"Ethics and Information Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136160670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The landscape of data and AI documentation approaches in the European policy context 欧洲政策背景下的数据和人工智能文档方法的景观

2区哲学

Ethics and Information Technology Pub Date : 2023-10-28 DOI: 10.1007/s10676-023-09725-7

Marina Micheli, Isabelle Hupont, Blagoj Delipetrev, Josep Soler-Garrido

{"title":"The landscape of data and AI documentation approaches in the European policy context","authors":"Marina Micheli, Isabelle Hupont, Blagoj Delipetrev, Josep Soler-Garrido","doi":"10.1007/s10676-023-09725-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-023-09725-7","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Nowadays, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is present in all sectors of the economy. Consequently, both data-the raw material used to build AI systems- and AI have an unprecedented impact on society and there is a need to ensure that they work for its benefit. For this reason, the European Union has put data and trustworthy AI at the center of recent legislative initiatives. An important element in these regulations is transparency, understood as the provision of information to relevant stakeholders to support their understanding of AI systems and data throughout their lifecycle. In recent years, an increasing number of approaches for documenting AI and datasets have emerged, both within academia and the private sector. In this work, we identify the 36 most relevant ones from more than 2200 papers related to trustworthy AI. We assess their relevance from the angle of European regulatory objectives, their coverage of AI technologies and economic sectors, and their suitability to address the specific needs of multiple stakeholders. Finally, we discuss the main documentation gaps found, including the need to better address data innovation practices (e.g. data sharing, data reuse) and large-scale algorithmic systems (e.g. those used in online platforms), and to widen the focus from algorithms and data to AI systems as a whole.","PeriodicalId":51495,"journal":{"name":"Ethics and Information Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136158338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Person, thing, Robot: a moral and legal ontology for the 21st century and beyond: by David Gunkel 《人、物、机器人:21世纪及以后的道德和法律本体论》作者:大卫·冈克尔

2区哲学

Ethics and Information Technology Pub Date : 2023-10-24 DOI: 10.1007/s10676-023-09731-9

Abootaleb Safdari

引用次数: 1

Smart cities as a testbed for experimenting with humans? - Applying psychological ethical guidelines to smart city interventions 智慧城市是人类实验的试验台?-在智慧城市干预中应用心理伦理准则

2区哲学

Ethics and Information Technology Pub Date : 2023-10-24 DOI: 10.1007/s10676-023-09729-3

Verena Zimmermann

{"title":"Smart cities as a testbed for experimenting with humans? - Applying psychological ethical guidelines to smart city interventions","authors":"Verena Zimmermann","doi":"10.1007/s10676-023-09729-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-023-09729-3","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Smart Cities consist of a multitude of interconnected devices and services to, among others, enhance efficiency, comfort, and safety. To achieve these aims, smart cities rely on an interplay of measures including the deployment of interventions targeted to foster certain human behaviors, such as saving energy, or collecting and exchanging sensor and user data. Both aspects have ethical implications, e.g., when it comes to intervention design or the handling of privacy-related data such as personal information, user preferences or geolocations. Resulting concerns must be taken seriously, as they reduce user acceptance and can even lead to the abolition of otherwise promising Smart City projects. Established guidelines for ethical research and practice from the psychological sciences provide a useful framework for the kinds of ethical issues raised when designing human-centered interventions or dealing with user-generated data. This article thus reviews relevant psychological guidelines and discusses their applicability to the Smart City context. A special focus is on the guidelines’ implications and resulting challenges for certain Smart City applications. Additionally, potential gaps in current guidelines and the limits of applicability are reflected upon.","PeriodicalId":51495,"journal":{"name":"Ethics and Information Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135273893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Violent video games: content, attitudes, and norms 暴力电子游戏:内容、态度和规范

2区哲学

Ethics and Information Technology Pub Date : 2023-10-16 DOI: 10.1007/s10676-023-09726-6

Alexander Andersson, Per-Erik Milam

引用次数: 0

The contested role of AI ethics boards in smart societies: a step towards improvement based on board composition by sortition 人工智能伦理委员会在智能社会中有争议的角色:朝着基于董事会组成的改进迈出的一步

2区哲学

Ethics and Information Technology Pub Date : 2023-10-06 DOI: 10.1007/s10676-023-09724-8

Ludovico Giacomo Conti, Peter Seele

{"title":"The contested role of AI ethics boards in smart societies: a step towards improvement based on board composition by sortition","authors":"Ludovico Giacomo Conti, Peter Seele","doi":"10.1007/s10676-023-09724-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-023-09724-8","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The recent proliferation of AI scandals led private and public organisations to implement new ethics guidelines, introduce AI ethics boards, and list ethical principles. Nevertheless, some of these efforts remained a façade not backed by any substantive action. Such behaviour made the public question the legitimacy of the AI industry and prompted scholars to accuse the sector of ethicswashing, machinewashing, and ethics trivialisation—criticisms that spilt over to institutional AI ethics boards. To counter this widespread issue, contributions in the literature have proposed fixes that do not consider its systemic character and are based on a top-down, expert-centric governance. To fill this gap, we propose to make use of qualified informed lotteries : a two-step model that transposes the documented benefits of the ancient practice of sortition into the selection of AI ethics boards’ members and combines them with the advantages of a stakeholder-driven, participative, and deliberative bottom-up process typical of Citizens’ Assemblies. The model permits increasing the public’s legitimacy and participation in the decision-making process and its deliverables, curbing the industry’s over-influence and lobbying, and diminishing the instrumentalisation of ethics boards. We suggest that this sortition-based approach may provide a sound base for both public and private organisations in smart societies for constructing a decentralised, bottom-up, participative digital democracy.","PeriodicalId":51495,"journal":{"name":"Ethics and Information Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135351995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Empathy training through virtual reality: moral enhancement with the freedom to fall? 通过虚拟现实进行移情训练:道德提升与堕落自由?

2区哲学

Ethics and Information Technology Pub Date : 2023-09-26 DOI: 10.1007/s10676-023-09723-9

Anda Zahiu, Emilian Mihailov, Brian D. Earp, Kathryn B. Francis, Julian Savulescu

引用次数: 0

Melting contestation: insurance fairness and machine learning 融化的争论:保险公平和机器学习

2区哲学

Ethics and Information Technology Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.1007/s10676-023-09720-y

Laurence Barry, Arthur Charpentier

引用次数: 0

Cognitive warfare: an ethical analysis 认知战：一种伦理分析

IF 3.6 2区哲学

Ethics and Information Technology Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1007/s10676-023-09717-7

Seumas Miller

引用次数: 0