International Journal of Economics最新文献

{"title":"Research on Factors Affecting Employee Motivation at Commercial Banks","authors":"Minh Nguyen, Ma Xuan, Vu Hoang, Vu Pham","doi":"10.47604/ijecon.2659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47604/ijecon.2659","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This study was conducted to explore the influence of factors that lead to employee motivation at Vietnam commercial banks. \u0000Methodology: Using the PLS-SEM linear structural model analysis method from 245 samples of workers working at commercial banks. \u0000Findings: Research results show that five factors all have a positive impact on the work motivation of employees in commercial joint stock banks and, in order of decreasing impact, are: Income and welfare (INC) with coefficient β = 0.453; Working conditions (CON) with coefficient β = 0.319; Training and advancement (TRA) with coefficient β = 0.290; Nature of work (NOW) with coefficient β = 0.191 and finally Relations with colleagues (REL) with coefficient β = 0.173. Therefore, commercial banking industry employees are expected to be more motivated to work when employees feel that the income and welfare they receive from the organization are considered high and this is more important than the remaining factors and employees will tend to work with higher efficiency and be more engaged to the bank when the research factors are satisfied. \u0000Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The article has contributed to strengthening the theory about the relationship between factors on employee motivation. First, managers need to build a salary and bonus system suitable to the nature of work, ensuring fairness and accurately reflecting the employees' abilities and work results. Second, for employees to reduce pressure on their personal lives and focus more on accumulating experience and knowledge at work, this accumulation will help reduce many risks for the bank or to gain new initiatives to reap success for itself. Third, training to update knowledge is a necessary factor to equip employees with more effective working skills and it is necessary to design appropriate training courses for each subject as well as the nature of the work of each department or division. Fourth, the nature of work and relationships with colleagues in an organization is not only expressed in solidarity, support and help for each other at work, but also in aspects of sharing thoughts, each individual's feelings in life.","PeriodicalId":514483,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economics","volume":"18 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141342875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Financial Development and Its Effect on Inclusive Growth in Kenya 2000 – 2022","authors":"Onesmus Mutiiria, Joseph Nzomoi, Peter Kamoni","doi":"10.47604/ijecon.2570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47604/ijecon.2570","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: In the past decade, Kenya’s economy registered an average real GDP growth rate of 4.63 percent. Despite this growth, many people have been locked out of social and economic opportunities, with 19.1 percent of the Kenyan population living in poverty. This has intensified the need for inclusive growth, a growth model that promotes shared prosperity. Several studies have shown that financial systems that function well play a great role in the economy through the provision of key financial services that drive growth. However, there is a lack of substantial inquiry into financial development and inclusive growth in Kenya. This study sought to examine this relationship for the period 2000-2022. \u0000Methodology: The study employed a causal research design and used time series data that was collected from various databases. The level of inclusiveness in Kenya was analyzed using an inclusiveness matrix. An inclusive growth index was constructed, which was then used to empirically test the effect of financial development on inclusive growth. The data was presented in tables and figures. \u0000Findings: The inclusiveness matrix shows that despite positive economic growth rates, there is a low rate of equity growth, which shows that Kenya has a low level of inclusivity. The empirical results show that bank deposits and private-sector credit have a positive and statistically significant effect on inclusive growth. A 1% increase in bank deposits leads to a 0.074% increase in inclusive growth. When private-sector credit increases by 1%, inclusive growth expands by 0.070%. Bank return on assets has a positive but insignificant effect on inclusive growth. The study confirms that financial depth and access to financial services are the most conducive to inclusive growth in Kenya. Other determinants of inclusive growth include initial income, human capital development and macroeconomic stability. The overall findings suggest that financial development can be used to create economic opportunities for poor people in Kenya, thus reducing income disparities. \u0000Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study has contributed to the ongoing conversation on inclusive growth, specifically on its measurement. The empirical results on the finance-inclusiveness nexus provide evidence-based policy interventions that can help in reducing income disparities and enhancing shared prosperity. The findings imply that policymakers and practitioners need to focus their attention on promoting financial access and financial depth in marginalized regions to create a significant impact on inclusive growth in Kenya.","PeriodicalId":514483,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economics","volume":"54 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141107174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Impact of Education on Life Expectancy in Rwanda","authors":"Iyakaremye Athanase","doi":"10.47604/ijecon.2555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47604/ijecon.2555","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Education's impact on life expectancy is a crucial area of study, particularly in nations undergoing rapid demographic and epidemiological transitions like Rwanda. This research examines the intricate relationship between education and life expectancy in Rwanda, considering the nation's advancements in education and healthcare. Despite progress, challenges persist in ensuring equitable access to quality education. \u0000Methodology: The study utilizes quantitative research methods, employing descriptive, correlation, and causal-comparative approaches, alongside econometric analyses like co-integration tests and vector error correction models. Data covering the period from 1965 to 2020 were collected from the World Bank Database. \u0000Findings: Findings indicate a significant effect of education on fertility rates, with higher education levels associated with lower fertility. Additionally, forecasts project an increase in life expectancy across educational groups, albeit less pronounced for the less educated. Gender disparities persist, with the rate of decrease in life expectancy differences between males and females slower than in previous decades. Increasing prediction intervals highlight growing uncertainty over time. \u0000Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The research contributes to understanding the complex interplay between education and life expectancy in Rwanda, offering insights for policy interventions to enhance population health outcomes and promote sustainable development. This study underscores the imperative for targeted strategies to mitigate educational barriers and advance inclusive development, addressing existing gaps in empirical evidence within the Rwandan context.","PeriodicalId":514483,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economics","volume":"6 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140985300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Firm-Level Determinants of Export Performance in Kenya’s Manufacturing Sector","authors":"Dorothy Kimolo, Jennifer Njaramba, Laban K. Chesang","doi":"10.47604/ijecon.2529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47604/ijecon.2529","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This study aimed at investigating the firm-level determinants of export performance (export propensity and export intensity) in Kenya’s manufacturing sector using firm-level panel data obtained from the World Bank Enterprise Surveys for the periods 2007, 2013 and 2018. \u0000Methodology: The study adopted a quantitative non-experimental research design. The Heckman Two-Stage estimation procedure was employed to jointly establish the firm-level determinants of export propensity and export intensity in Kenya’s manufacturing sector. \u0000Findings: Based on the estimation results, firm-level total factor productivity, firm size, human capital, cost of material, electricity cost and foreign ownership had positive and significant effects on firms’ export propensity while labor productivity negatively influenced export propensity. Firm age, capital intensity and research did not have significant effects on export propensity. On the other hand, export intensity was positively influenced by firm-level total factor productivity, foreign ownership, firm size, firm age, human capital and research. Labor productivity had a negative effect on firms’ export intensity. Whereas the effect of energy cost on export intensity was weakly significant at 10 percent level of significance, there was no significant effect of cost of material on export intensity. \u0000Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Employing the new ‘new’ trade theory, the study tested the self-selection hypothesis by analyzing the determinants of export propensity and intensity. According to the self-selection hypothesis, one of the key positive determinants of export propensity and export intensity is firm-level total factor productivity. The study findings validated the self-selection hypothesis since the results revealed firm-level total factor productivity as a positive and significant determinant of both export propensity and export intensity for Kenya’s manufacturing firms. According to the study's conclusions, the government and enterprises must focus on policies that increase firm-level total factor productivity, firm size, human capital, and research in order to improve firms' export performance.","PeriodicalId":514483,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economics","volume":"123 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141017351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Labor Market Flexibility and Unemployment: A Study of the United States","authors":"Isaac Anderson","doi":"10.47604/ijecon.2446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47604/ijecon.2446","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate the labor market flexibility and unemployment: a study of the United States \u0000Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. \u0000Findings:  The study on Labor Market Flexibility and Unemployment in the United States found that while flexibility can foster job creation, it also exacerbates structural unemployment. Certain groups, like minorities and low-skilled workers, are disproportionately affected. Additionally, technological advancements and globalization reshape the labor market. Labor market institutions play a crucial role in mediating flexibility's impact. Overall, nuanced policy interventions are needed to address unemployment challenges. \u0000Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Structural unemployment theory, dual labor market theory & institutional theory of labor markets may be used to anchor future studies on the labor market flexibility and unemployment: a study of the United States. Practical recommendations could include fostering a supportive environment for entrepreneurship and innovation, enhancing access to lifelong learning and skill development opportunities, and implementing targeted measures to support vulnerable groups in the labor market. From a policy perspective, the study should advocate for evidence-based policymaking that prioritizes the promotion of inclusive growth and social cohesion.","PeriodicalId":514483,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economics","volume":"43 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140755283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Government Expenditure and Economic Growth: A Comparative Analysis of Japan","authors":"Ren Tanaka","doi":"10.47604/ijecon.2444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47604/ijecon.2444","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate the government expenditure and economic growth: a comparative analysis of Japan \u0000Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. \u0000Findings:  The comparative analysis of government expenditure and economic growth in Japan revealed a positive correlation between increased public spending and economic expansion. Strategic allocations towards sectors like education and healthcare were found to significantly contribute to long-term growth. Recommendations stressed the importance of transparent and accountable spending practices for sustained economic development, emphasizing prudent fiscal management and efficient resource utilization. \u0000Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Keynesian economics, wagner's law & endogenous growth theory may be used to anchor future studies on the government expenditure and economic growth: a comparative analysis of Japan. Develop a comprehensive framework for evaluating the effectiveness of government expenditure policies in Japan. Fiscal Sustainability Strategies: Develop strategies for ensuring the long-term sustainability of government finances in Japan, given the challenges posed by an aging population and rising healthcare costs.","PeriodicalId":514483,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economics","volume":"435 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140750785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exchange Rate Volatility and Export Performance: Case of Malaysia","authors":"Amirul Hakim","doi":"10.47604/ijecon.2445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47604/ijecon.2445","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate the exchange rate volatility and export performance: case of Malaysia \u0000Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. \u0000Findings:  Exchange rate volatility negatively impacts Malaysia's exports, reducing both volumes and revenues. Stable exchange rates are crucial for export competitiveness and attracting foreign investment. Effective hedging and exchange rate policies are recommended to mitigate volatility's adverse effects. Macroeconomic stability and structural reforms are essential for Malaysia's resilience to external shocks. Managing exchange rate volatility is key for sustaining Malaysia's export-led growth and fostering economic development. \u0000Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Portfolio balance theory, j-curve theory & competitive devaluation theory may be used to anchor future studies on the exchange rate volatility and export performance: case of Malaysia. Malaysia can provide practical insights into how exporters can effectively integrate risk management strategies into their operations to mitigate the adverse effects of exchange rate volatility. Malaysia can serve as a model for proactive policy responses to exchange rate volatility, offering lessons and strategies that can be adapted by policymakers in other emerging economies.","PeriodicalId":514483,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economics","volume":"41 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140752294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on Economic Growth: A Study of Brazil","authors":"Arthur Fernandes","doi":"10.47604/ijecon.2442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47604/ijecon.2442","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on economic growth: a study of Brazil \u0000Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. \u0000Findings:  The study on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and economic growth in Brazil found a positive relationship between FDI inflows and GDP growth. FDI contributes to capital accumulation, technology transfer, and sectoral diversification, enhancing competitiveness. However, the impact varies across regions and industries, with disparities in spillover effects. Targeted policies are needed to maximize FDI benefits and promote inclusive growth, addressing regional disparities and socio-economic inequalities. \u0000Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Dependency theory, modernization theory & institutional theory may be used to anchor future studies on the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on economic growth: a study of Brazil. The study should provide practical recommendations for firms and corporate boards to enhance their corporate governance practices based on empirical findings. The study should inform policymakers and regulatory authorities about the implications of corporate governance regulations on firm performance and market competitiveness.","PeriodicalId":514483,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economics","volume":"64 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140791529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between Monthly Common Stock Prices and Monthly Inflation in India","authors":"Amit Kumar","doi":"10.47604/ijecon.2296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47604/ijecon.2296","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The purpose of the study is to scrutinise whether monthly inflation rate and monthly common stock prices are interlinked and if they are linked, then what is the kind of affiliation among the variables. \u0000Methodology: The paper has used the vector autoregression model (VAR) to determine whether there exists a  relationship between monthly common stock prices and monthly inflation rates or not. \u0000Findings: The paper's findings can be summarised as no cointegration exists between monthly inflation rates and monthly stock prices, meaning there is no relationship (neither long nor short) between inflation and common stock prices. The other insight that can be concluded from the research is that there also doesn’t exist any cause-and-effect relationship between the inflation rate & monthly common stocks.","PeriodicalId":514483,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economics","volume":"38 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139889789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between Monthly Common Stock Prices and Monthly Inflation in India","authors":"Amit Kumar","doi":"10.47604/ijecon.2296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47604/ijecon.2296","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The purpose of the study is to scrutinise whether monthly inflation rate and monthly common stock prices are interlinked and if they are linked, then what is the kind of affiliation among the variables. \u0000Methodology: The paper has used the vector autoregression model (VAR) to determine whether there exists a  relationship between monthly common stock prices and monthly inflation rates or not. \u0000Findings: The paper's findings can be summarised as no cointegration exists between monthly inflation rates and monthly stock prices, meaning there is no relationship (neither long nor short) between inflation and common stock prices. The other insight that can be concluded from the research is that there also doesn’t exist any cause-and-effect relationship between the inflation rate & monthly common stocks.","PeriodicalId":514483,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economics","volume":"42 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139829647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}