European Psychologist最新文献

COCON – A Multi-Cohort, Multi-Informant Panel Study COCON - 一项多队列、多信息小组研究

IF 4.6 3区心理学

European Psychologist Pub Date : 2024-05-08 DOI: 10.1027/1016-9040/a000508

Marlis Buchmann, Jeanine Grütter

引用次数: 0

The Relationship Between the Menstrual Cycle, Oral Contraceptives, and Executive Function – Inhibition, Updating, and Shifting 月经周期、口服避孕药和执行功能之间的关系--抑制、更新和转移

IF 4.6 3区心理学

European Psychologist Pub Date : 2023-12-22 DOI: 10.1027/1016-9040/a000514

Melanie Kowalczyk, M. Kornacka, K. Wisiecka, Agnieszka Młyniec, Anna Redeł, Maria Szwykowska-Ziemniak, Izabela Krejtz

{"title":"The Relationship Between the Menstrual Cycle, Oral Contraceptives, and Executive Function – Inhibition, Updating, and Shifting","authors":"Melanie Kowalczyk, M. Kornacka, K. Wisiecka, Agnieszka Młyniec, Anna Redeł, Maria Szwykowska-Ziemniak, Izabela Krejtz","doi":"10.1027/1016-9040/a000514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000514","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Previous research suggests a link between oral contraceptives and cognitive functioning in women, yet the results are contradictory and limited by methodological inconsistencies. This is the first meta-analysis of studies comparing naturally cycling women with women taking oral contraceptives on measures testing three executive functions: inhibition, updating, and shifting. We conducted a systematic literature search. Sixteen articles were included which were either cross-sectional or experimental and compared executive functions between women taking oral contraceptives ( n = 588) or cycling naturally ( n = 594). The average sample size was n = 32.33 for oral contraceptives users and n = 31.34 for naturally cycling women with ranges going from 8 to 144 participants per study. The age range of participants in all the studies taken together was between 18 for the youngest participant and 50 years old for the oldest participant with a mean age of M = 21.97, SD = 2.28. The studies presented a mixture of androgenic and anti-androgenic oral contraceptives which were rarely analyzed as separate groups. We ran a multivariate meta-analysis model to estimate the effect size of 66 comparisons in executive functioning between the groups taking oral contraceptives and the groups of naturally cycling women. Overall, the effect size of differences in executive functioning between groups was not significant: d = 0.044, SE = 0.0713, 95% CI [−0.0959, 0.1839], z = 0.62; p = 0.54. The analysis of the cycle phases and types of executive functions as moderators was not significant, however, the studies assessed as having a lower quality increased the overall effect. Our analysis indicates no difference between oral contraceptive users and naturally cycling women on core executive functions but the high amount of heterogeneity might reflect a high level of methodological diversity. Implications for research design and methodology are discussed.","PeriodicalId":51443,"journal":{"name":"European Psychologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138994138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Life Course in the Making 生命历程的形成

3区心理学

European Psychologist Pub Date : 2023-10-30 DOI: 10.1027/1016-9040/a000507

Sandra Hupka-Brunner, Thomas Meyer

{"title":"Life Course in the Making","authors":"Sandra Hupka-Brunner, Thomas Meyer","doi":"10.1027/1016-9040/a000507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000507","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: TREE (Transitions from Education to Employment) is a prospective interdisciplinary multi-cohort panel survey following up on the (post-compulsory) education and employment trajectories of two large samples of Swiss compulsory school leavers. The first TREE cohort (TREE1) was launched in 2000, drawing on the sample tested on the occasion of Switzerland’s first-time participation in PISA ( N t0 = 6,343, N t10 in 2020 ≈ 3,900). Since then, the sample has been followed up by means of 10-panel waves, the most recent one conducted in 2019/20. Further panel waves are planned at 5 years intervals. To date, TREE1 respondents have reached an average age approaching 40 and have been surveyed for a period of over 20 years, spanning from early adolescence up to early middle age. Under a replication design allowing for cohort comparison, the second TREE cohort (TREE2) covers a comparable population of school leavers who left compulsory education in 2016. As its baseline survey, it draws on a national large-scale assessment of mathematics skills. Since then, the TREE2 sample ( N t0 = 8,429, N t6 in 2022 ≈ 4,500) has been re-surveyed six times at yearly intervals, up to the average age of 21. Further panel waves at 2–5 years intervals are planned. The present contribution includes a detailed description of TREE’s study and survey design as well as a synoptic summary of salient results from some of the several hundred publications that draw on the TREE data.","PeriodicalId":51443,"journal":{"name":"European Psychologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136105507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Spaced Retrieval Effects on Learning Capacity in Patients With Mild-to-Moderate Cognitive Impairment 空间检索对轻中度认知障碍患者学习能力的影响

3区心理学

European Psychologist Pub Date : 2023-10-24 DOI: 10.1027/1016-9040/a000510

María Dolores de la Rosa Gámiz, Jesús González-Moreno, María Cantero-García

{"title":"Spaced Retrieval Effects on Learning Capacity in Patients With Mild-to-Moderate Cognitive Impairment","authors":"María Dolores de la Rosa Gámiz, Jesús González-Moreno, María Cantero-García","doi":"10.1027/1016-9040/a000510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000510","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Spaced retrieval (SR) improves the learning capacity of patients with memory deficits, while evidence on its long-term and generalization to other untrained measures is quite inconsistent. This systematic review was to analyze evidence on the SR effectiveness on recall performance, follow-up, and generalization measures in patients with cognitive impairment. A systematic search on PUBMED, MEDLINE, Web of Science, PubPsych, and ProQuest was performed between November 2020 and January 2021. The benefit effect of SR on direct, generalization, and long-term measures did not significantly differ from other learning techniques and the effect sizes even increased when SR was combined with another method. Effects on generalization depended on the similarity between the trained and untrained material. Existing evidence on SR remains quite scarce, mainly based on studies with moderate methodological quality giving rise to very heterogeneous results. Further investigation is still needed to overcome previous methodological limits and extend evidence to the immediate and long-term effects of the simultaneous application of different learning methods.","PeriodicalId":51443,"journal":{"name":"European Psychologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135321871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Countering Misinformation 打击错误信息

IF 4.6 3区心理学

European Psychologist Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1027/1016-9040/a000492

J. Roozenbeek, Eileen Culloty, Jane Suiter

引用次数: 11

Psychological Research on Misinformation 虚假信息的心理学研究

IF 4.6 3区心理学

European Psychologist Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1027/1016-9040/a000499

Ullrich K. H. Ecker

引用次数: 0

Incorporating Psychological Science Into Policy Making: The Case of Misinformation. 将心理科学纳入政策制定

IF 4.6 3区心理学

European Psychologist Pub Date : 2023-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-14 DOI: 10.1027/1016-9040/a000493

Anastasia Kozyreva, Laura Smillie, Stephan Lewandowsky

{"title":"Incorporating Psychological Science Into Policy Making: The Case of Misinformation.","authors":"Anastasia Kozyreva, Laura Smillie, Stephan Lewandowsky","doi":"10.1027/1016-9040/a000493","DOIUrl":"10.1027/1016-9040/a000493","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The spread of false and misleading information in online social networks is a global problem in need of urgent solutions. It is also a policy problem because misinformation can harm both the public and democracies. To address the spread of misinformation, policymakers require a successful interface between science and policy, as well as a range of evidence-based solutions that respect fundamental rights while efficiently mitigating the harms of misinformation online. In this article, we discuss how regulatory and nonregulatory instruments can be informed by scientific research and used to reach EU policy objectives. First, we consider what it means to approach misinformation as a policy problem. We then outline four building blocks for cooperation between scientists and policymakers who wish to address the problem of misinformation: understanding the misinformation problem, understanding the psychological drivers and public perceptions of misinformation, finding evidence-based solutions, and co-developing appropriate policy measures. Finally, through the lens of psychological science, we examine policy instruments that have been proposed in the EU, focusing on the strengthened Code of Practice on Disinformation 2022.</p>","PeriodicalId":51443,"journal":{"name":"European Psychologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7615323/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44354586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The Psychological Impacts and Message Features of Health Misinformation 健康虚假信息的心理影响及其信息特征

IF 4.6 3区心理学

European Psychologist Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1027/1016-9040/a000494

P. Schmid, Sacha Altay, Laura D. Scherer

{"title":"The Psychological Impacts and Message Features of Health Misinformation","authors":"P. Schmid, Sacha Altay, Laura D. Scherer","doi":"10.1027/1016-9040/a000494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000494","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: What does health misinformation look like, and what is its impact? We conducted a systematic review of 45 articles containing 64 randomized controlled trials (RCTs; N = 37,552) on the impact of health misinformation on behaviors and their psychological antecedents. We applied a planetary health perspective by framing environmental issues as human health issues and focusing on misinformation about diseases, vaccination, medication, nutrition, tobacco consumption, and climate change. We found that in 49% of the cases exposure to health misinformation damaged the psychological antecedents of behaviors such as knowledge, attitudes, or behavioral intentions. No RCTs evaluated the impact of exposure to misinformation on direct measures of health or pro-environmental behaviors (e.g., vaccination), and few studies explored the impact of misinformation on feelings, social norms, and trust. Most misinformation was based on logical fallacies, conspiracy theories, or fake experts. RCTs evaluating the impact of impossible expectations and cherry-picking are scarce. Most research focused on healthy adult US populations and used online samples. Future RCTs can build on our analysis and address the knowledge gaps we identified.","PeriodicalId":51443,"journal":{"name":"European Psychologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41415769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The Misinformation Receptivity Framework 错误信息接收框架

IF 4.6 3区心理学

European Psychologist Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1027/1016-9040/a000498

Leor Zmigrod, Ryan Burnell, M. Hameleers

{"title":"The Misinformation Receptivity Framework","authors":"Leor Zmigrod, Ryan Burnell, M. Hameleers","doi":"10.1027/1016-9040/a000498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000498","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Evaluating the truthfulness of new information is a difficult and complex task. Notably, there is currently no unified theoretical framework that addresses the questions of (1) how individuals discern whether political information is true or (deliberately) false, (2) under what conditions individuals are most susceptible to believing misinformation, and (3) how the structure of political and communicative environments skews cognitive processes of truth, discernment, and interpretation generation. To move forward, we propose the Misinformation Receptivity Framework (MRF). Building on Bayesian and probabilistic models of cognition, the MRF suggests that we can conceptualize misinformation receptivity as a cognitive inference problem in which the reliability of incoming misinformation is weighed against the reliability of prior beliefs. This “reliability-weighting” process can model when individuals adopt or reject misinformation, as well as the ways in which they creatively generate interpretations rather than passively discern truth versus falsehood. Moreover, certain communication contexts can lead people to rely excessively on incoming (mis)information or conversely to rely excessively on prior beliefs. The MRF postulates how such environmental properties can heighten the persuasiveness of different kinds of misinformation. For instance, the MRF predicts that noisy communication contexts, in which the reliability of inputs is ambiguous, make people susceptible to highly partisan and ideological misinformation or disinformation that amplifies their existing belief systems. By contrast, the MRF predicts that contextual instability renders people susceptible to misinformation that would be considered extreme or worldview-incongruent in conditions of stability. The MRF formally delineates the interactions between cognitive and communicative mechanisms, offering insights and testable hypotheses on when, how, and why different kinds of misinformation proliferate.","PeriodicalId":51443,"journal":{"name":"European Psychologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44843975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Digital Interventions to Support and Treat Victims of Intimate Partner Violence 支持和治疗亲密伴侣暴力受害者的数字干预措施

IF 4.6 3区心理学

European Psychologist Pub Date : 2023-06-02 DOI: 10.1027/1016-9040/a000504

C. Oliveira, E. Araújo, D. Moreira, M. Pacheco, Cláudia Calaboiça, Anita Santos

{"title":"Digital Interventions to Support and Treat Victims of Intimate Partner Violence","authors":"C. Oliveira, E. Araújo, D. Moreira, M. Pacheco, Cláudia Calaboiça, Anita Santos","doi":"10.1027/1016-9040/a000504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000504","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is a public health issue. Digital interventions are emerging as a promise to overcome known-barriers to accessing usual IPV services, which have been supporting and treating IPV victims or their survivors, offering safer, more interactive, and real time access to help. Hence, a systematic review was carried out to identify and characterize current digital interventions to respond to IPV, including associated mental health conditions, and related outcomes among victims and survivors. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we searched in three databases: EBSCOhost, PubMed, and Web of Science. Last search was performed in December 2022. Of the 1,816 electronic articles retrieved, and six added after a manual search, 16 studies were selected. Published between 2010 and 2021, the studies were experimental or quasi-experimental, with quantitative methodologies. Publication data, objectives, sample, design, instruments, intervention characteristics, results and conclusions were extracted from each study. Regarding results, safety decision aid or a variant was the most reported digital intervention. Significant improvements were identified for IPV exposure, related outcomes such as decisional conflict and safety strategies, and mental health conditions. In short, digital interventions hold promise, however there is a clear need for research focused on hard-to-reach victims or women who have left the abuser. Digital interventions have to be adapted to their needs, and security and privacy issues must be better ensured. The risk of publication bias and the exclusion of some specific keywords in the search were limitations of the study.","PeriodicalId":51443,"journal":{"name":"European Psychologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45369174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0