The Psychological Impacts and Message Features of Health Misinformation

IF 3.9 3区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

European Psychologist Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI:10.1027/1016-9040/a000494

P. Schmid, Sacha Altay, Laura D. Scherer

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引用次数: 1

Abstract

Abstract: What does health misinformation look like, and what is its impact? We conducted a systematic review of 45 articles containing 64 randomized controlled trials (RCTs; N = 37,552) on the impact of health misinformation on behaviors and their psychological antecedents. We applied a planetary health perspective by framing environmental issues as human health issues and focusing on misinformation about diseases, vaccination, medication, nutrition, tobacco consumption, and climate change. We found that in 49% of the cases exposure to health misinformation damaged the psychological antecedents of behaviors such as knowledge, attitudes, or behavioral intentions. No RCTs evaluated the impact of exposure to misinformation on direct measures of health or pro-environmental behaviors (e.g., vaccination), and few studies explored the impact of misinformation on feelings, social norms, and trust. Most misinformation was based on logical fallacies, conspiracy theories, or fake experts. RCTs evaluating the impact of impossible expectations and cherry-picking are scarce. Most research focused on healthy adult US populations and used online samples. Future RCTs can build on our analysis and address the knowledge gaps we identified.

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健康虚假信息的心理影响及其信息特征

摘要：健康错误信息是什么样子的，它的影响是什么？我们对45篇文章进行了系统综述，其中包含64项随机对照试验（RCT；N=37552），内容涉及健康错误信息对行为及其心理前因的影响。我们从全球健康的角度出发，将环境问题定义为人类健康问题，并关注有关疾病、疫苗接种、药物、营养、烟草消费和气候变化的错误信息。我们发现，在49%的病例中，接触健康错误信息损害了行为的心理前因，如知识、态度或行为意图。没有随机对照试验评估接触错误信息对健康或环保行为（如疫苗接种）的直接衡量标准的影响，也很少有研究探讨错误信息对情感、社会规范和信任的影响。大多数错误信息都是基于逻辑谬误、阴谋论或虚假专家。评估不可能的期望和樱桃采摘的影响的随机对照试验很少。大多数研究都集中在健康的美国成年人群上，并使用了在线样本。未来的随机对照试验可以建立在我们的分析基础上，并解决我们发现的知识差距。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

European Psychologist PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-

CiteScore

8.40

自引率

0.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： The European Psychologist - is a direct source of information regarding both applied and research psychology throughout Europe; - provides both reviews of specific fields and original papers of seminal importance; integrates across subfields and provides easy access to essential state-of-the-art information in all areas within psychology; - provides a European perspective on many dimensions of new work being done elsewhere in psychology; - makes European psychology visible globally; - promotes scientific and professional cooperation among European psychologists; develops the mutual contribution of psychological theory and practice.