{"title":"Enhanced judicial independence and bond credit spreads: Evidence from the establishment of circuit courts","authors":"Dayong Lv , Qi Ye , Yan Jiang , Xiaokun Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.ribaf.2025.103064","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ribaf.2025.103064","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Using a large sample of bonds issued by Chinese listed firms from 2010 to 2021, we explore the relationship between judicial independence as improved by Circuit Courts (CCs) and bond credit spreads (BCS). We find that bond issuers covered by CCs experience a decrease in BCS compared to those uncovered. This result remains unchanged under various checks, including a propensity score matching method, entropy balance method, difference-in-differences framework, alternative sample, and other robust tests. In addition, this favorable effect of improved judicial independence is greater for issuers with greater default risks or liquidity risks, consistent with the “perceived lower recovery risk story” and “perceived lower liquidity risk story.” Finally, this effect is stronger for bond issuers operating in regions with poor legal environments, higher levels of local protectionism, or stronger government interventions. Our paper stresses the important role of the judiciary in decreasing debt financing costs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51430,"journal":{"name":"Research in International Business and Finance","volume":"79 ","pages":"Article 103064"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144721038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abu Bakkar Siddik , Md. Saheb Ali Mondal , Myne Uddin , Li Yong
{"title":"Harnessing FinTech for green growth: financial innovations and energy efficiency in OECD nations","authors":"Abu Bakkar Siddik , Md. Saheb Ali Mondal , Myne Uddin , Li Yong","doi":"10.1016/j.ribaf.2025.103062","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ribaf.2025.103062","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We investigate the influence of FinTech startup financing on energy efficiency in 32 OECD countries from 2010 to 2022, considering the roles of financial development, financial institutions, and financial markets. Using a comprehensive dataset, we apply Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) with a Super Slack-Based Measure (Super-SBM) to calculate energy efficiency scores, along with econometric techniques to ensure robustness and explore non-linear effects. Our findings demonstrate that FinTech financing significantly enhances energy efficiency, particularly in countries with more advanced financial systems. Additionally, financial development through well-established institutions and markets plays a crucial role in promoting energy efficiency, with the effects being stronger in highly developed countries. The quantile analysis further reveals that these impacts are asymmetric, with stronger effects observed in countries that already have higher levels of energy efficiency. These results suggest that while FinTech and financial development contribute positively to energy efficiency, their influence varies across different country contexts. Policymakers should focus on strengthening financial systems in less-developed nations to fully capitalize on FinTech innovations for improving sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51430,"journal":{"name":"Research in International Business and Finance","volume":"79 ","pages":"Article 103062"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144723751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Is the climate-linked CAT bond market efficiently priced? A risk–return analysis","authors":"Antonella Cappiello, Emanuele Vannucci","doi":"10.1016/j.ribaf.2025.103080","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ribaf.2025.103080","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study offers insights into the catastrophe (CAT) bond market that has the potential to contribute towards further development of this alternative risk transfer product, which can reduce the insurance coverage gap for climate-related catastrophe risk. The study incorporates an econometric analysis, introducing a novel perspective that focuses on assessing the consistency between the (insurance) risk and return ratio for climate-linked CAT bonds that are currently available in the market. This approach verifies if these financial instruments are priced based on the insurance risks they cover. The analysis highlights the presence of market segmentation and provides empirical evidence of pricing inefficiencies, observed as both overpricing and under-pricing across different levels of underlying catastrophic risks. These findings underscore the potential benefits of increased transparency and comprehensive disclosure of market metrics in fostering broader investor participation, including both retail and institutional segments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51430,"journal":{"name":"Research in International Business and Finance","volume":"79 ","pages":"Article 103080"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144829540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Voluntary environmental regulation policies and the cost of equity capital: Evidence from China's “Green Factory” policy","authors":"Pu Zhao , Haoyu Wang , Zhenyu Liu , Zile Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.ribaf.2025.103092","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ribaf.2025.103092","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Government-led voluntary environmental regulations are vital instruments for enhancing modern environmental governance systems and promoting green industrial transformation. In this paper, we investigate the impact of voluntary environmental regulations on corporate cost of equity capital based on a quasi-natural experiment involving China’s “Green Factory” certification policy. The findings reveal that firms listed as “Green Factories” experience a significant reduction in investor risk expectations, reflected in a decrease in the cost of equity capital. Mechanism analysis suggests that “Green Factory” certification primarily impacts equity capital costs through two channels: reducing information and governance risks. Cross-sectional tests indicate that, considering internal governance mechanisms, the effect of “Green Factory” certification on equity capital cost is more pronounced among firms with stronger internal controls; considering external oversight mechanisms, the effect is mainly concentrated in firms with higher levels of media and investor attention. Overall, this study provides important empirical evidence for evaluating the effectiveness of voluntary environmental regulation, advancing green manufacturing, and building modern environmental governance frameworks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51430,"journal":{"name":"Research in International Business and Finance","volume":"79 ","pages":"Article 103092"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144842646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nidhaleddine Ben Cheikh , Younes Ben Zaied , Duc Khuong Nguyen
{"title":"Financial inclusion and energy access in sub-Saharan Africa","authors":"Nidhaleddine Ben Cheikh , Younes Ben Zaied , Duc Khuong Nguyen","doi":"10.1016/j.ribaf.2025.103032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ribaf.2025.103032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Improving access to adequate forms of energy in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is a challenging task, and an ongoing debate has continued regarding policies and interventions that can effectively alleviate energy poverty (EP). This study contributes to the literature by conducting a state-dependent analysis using nonlinear panel data with local projections that allow the dynamics of EP to vary under different regimes. Our findings highlight the influence of financial inclusion and institutional quality on shaping the dynamics of energy affordability in SSA over the period 2004–2019. Specifically, we find that higher quality governance is required for the low-carbon transition to enhance household access to energy infrastructure. We also demonstrate an asymmetric response of EP to institutional quality related to the degree of access to finance. Overcoming governance issues and strengthening the financial system are critical for SSA to combat energy vulnerability and make the low-carbon transition viable.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51430,"journal":{"name":"Research in International Business and Finance","volume":"79 ","pages":"Article 103032"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144571668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Supervisory independence and bank risk: Evidence from China","authors":"Pin Guo , Zhao Zhang , Ling Ling , Zhongyu Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.ribaf.2025.103040","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ribaf.2025.103040","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the causal effect of supervisory independence on bank risk. Exploiting the merger of the China Banking Regulatory Commission (CBRC) and the China Insurance Regulatory Commission (CRIC) in 2018 as a shock to supervisory independence, we find that increased supervisory independence is significantly associated with reduced bank capital risk, credit risk, and liquidity risk. These effects are particularly prominent for unlisted banks, high-risk banks, and banks headquartered in cities with lower economic growth or fiscal deficit. We further find that supervisory independence strengthens banking stability without compromising asset growth, credit provision, profitability, and operational efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51430,"journal":{"name":"Research in International Business and Finance","volume":"79 ","pages":"Article 103040"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144581410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Do environmental controversies lead to lower dividend payouts? The role of environmental performance and board gender diversity","authors":"Redhwan Al-Dhamari , Saeed Rabea Baatwah , María Consuelo Pucheta-Martínez , Omar Ikbal Tawfik","doi":"10.1016/j.ribaf.2025.103037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ribaf.2025.103037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the intricate relationship between environmental controversies and corporate dividend policy, while simultaneously investigating the effect of environmental performance and board gender diversity on this relationship. Existing studies identify several factors as determinants of corporate dividend policy; however, how environmental controversies affect dividend payouts remains underexplored. Using 5225 observations of publicly listed firms in European Union countries between 2016 and 2023, we find that firms involved in environmental controversies are less likely to distribute cash dividends. Moreover, we find that environmental performance significantly impacts the relationship between environmental controversies and dividend payouts. However, this effect exacerbates the detrimental impact of environmental controversies, while board gender diversity does not significantly affect this relationship. Further analyses show that the adverse effects of environmental controversies on dividend payouts are heterogeneous across various industry characteristics and levels of environmental disclosure maturity. We also find that earnings and risk are critical channels through which environmental controversies reduce dividend payouts. Finally, we find that environmental controversies predict future dividend policies. Overall, our findings offer valuable insights to numerous stakeholders regarding the influence of corporate environmental practices on financial decision-making.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51430,"journal":{"name":"Research in International Business and Finance","volume":"79 ","pages":"Article 103037"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144589296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Climate risk performance and tail risk contagion in energy stock markets: Evidence from China","authors":"Xiaoyun Xing , Zihan Xu , Xiuya Wang , Kun Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.ribaf.2025.103035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ribaf.2025.103035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate change has resulted in unexpected changes to the energy market. This paper constructs a GARCH-MIDAS model to examine the impact of climate risk performance on the risk contagion within and across China’s energy markets, from both perspectives of tail risk spillovers and firm-level systemic importance. Moreover, Granger causality test is employed to capture the heterogeneity with respect to region and enterprise characteristics. The results show that climate policy significantly intensifies the risk contagion effect in China’s energy markets, in which the clean energy sectors are the most susceptible. It is further found that climate concern tends to affect the spillovers ”from” and ”to” those clean energies that are currently in high demands for funding, while climate physical risk only renders significant effects on the cross-sector connectedness related to coal industry. In addition, the results of heterogeneity analysis indicate enterprises in south China are easily affected by investors’ concern about climate change, while those in east and southwest provinces are susceptible to physical risk. Also, we find that the systemic importance of state-owned enterprises are easily altered by physical risk and climate policy, while that of private firms is vulnerable to investors’ climate concern.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51430,"journal":{"name":"Research in International Business and Finance","volume":"79 ","pages":"Article 103035"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144655648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Ansar Majeed , Irfan Ullah , Tanveer Ahsan , Bakr Al-Gamrh
{"title":"Investment efficiency under financial constraints: The role of CEO power","authors":"Muhammad Ansar Majeed , Irfan Ullah , Tanveer Ahsan , Bakr Al-Gamrh","doi":"10.1016/j.ribaf.2025.103059","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ribaf.2025.103059","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Financial limitations can influence how effectively corporations invest, with influential CEOs playing a key role in making investment choices. This study investigates the link between CEO power and investment effectiveness in the context of financial limitations, using a dataset of Chinese firms listed from 2005 to 2022. We observe a negative association between CEO power and investment efficiency. Nonetheless, powerful CEOs facing financial pressures can notably enhance investment efficiency through adept strategic choices. Our findings remain robust across a range of alternative measures of investment efficiency and financial constraints, as well as various econometric specifications. Further examination shows that the investment inefficiencies associated with powerful CEOs mainly arise from overinvestment, while external governance factors, such as analyst coverage and media attention, as well as CEO gender, significantly impact the relationship between CEO power and investment efficiency. This research contributes to the existing body of knowledge on CEO power by integrating agency theory and strategic choice frameworks to clarify the relationship between CEO power and investment efficiency in financially constrained situations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51430,"journal":{"name":"Research in International Business and Finance","volume":"79 ","pages":"Article 103059"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144749531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Market-oriented environmental regulation and ESG rating divergence","authors":"Jinlong Zhang , Fengyu Qi , Mingyue Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.ribaf.2025.103074","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ribaf.2025.103074","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the context of sustainable development and low-carbon transformation, the divergence of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) ratings heightens investors' perception of market risk and hinders the growth of socially responsible investment. Through a quasi-natural experiment of the carbon market, we empirically investigate the impact of market-based environmental regulations on ESG rating divergence. We find that firms covered by the carbon market reduced their ESG rating divergence by about 3.7 % relative to a control group of other firms, and the dynamic effect of the policy exhibits an inverted U-shape. We reason that media and analyst attention amplifies the signal transmission and external supervision channels, thereby reducing ESG rating divergence. We also find carbon markets mitigate ESG rating divergence among corporations in regions with higher levels of marketization, while administrative order-type environmental regulations are ineffective. Additionally, the carbon market reduces ESG rating divergence for state-owned enterprises, corporations with high political connections, and corporations with high audit quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51430,"journal":{"name":"Research in International Business and Finance","volume":"79 ","pages":"Article 103074"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144829542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}