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The Role of Women in Local Governments: An Analysis of Efficiency in Spain 妇女在地方政府中的作用：西班牙效率分析
IF 2.1 3区 社会学
Urban Affairs Review Pub Date : 2022-07-12 DOI: 10.1177/10780874221113217
Ana‐María Ríos, María‐Dolores Guillamón, Beatriz Cuadrado-Ballesteros
{"title":"The Role of Women in Local Governments: An Analysis of Efficiency in Spain","authors":"Ana‐María Ríos, María‐Dolores Guillamón, Beatriz Cuadrado-Ballesteros","doi":"10.1177/10780874221113217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10780874221113217","url":null,"abstract":"Female representation may be a key factor in improving the quality of governance. In fact, the literature considers that the presence of women in organisations tends to improve performance. In this context, this paper attempts to analyse whether the presence of women in municipal councils has an influence on the efficiency of public services for a sample of 141 Spanish municipalities with more than 50,000 inhabitants for the period 2014–2018. Our results show a U-shaped relationship between the number of female councillors and the level of efficiency in Spanish municipalities. This means that the presence of women is positively associated with municipal efficiency but only if the number of female councillors is relatively high. On the contrary, their voice and personal characteristics are diluted among their male counterparts, and efficiency may be reduced.","PeriodicalId":51427,"journal":{"name":"Urban Affairs Review","volume":"59 1","pages":"1013 - 1045"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45855620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Context Matters: The Conditional Effect of Black Police Chiefs on Policing Outcomes 背景因素:黑人警察局长对警务结果的条件效应
IF 2.1 3区 社会学
Urban Affairs Review Pub Date : 2022-07-11 DOI: 10.1177/10780874221113216
Kelsey Shoub, Leah Christiani
{"title":"Context Matters: The Conditional Effect of Black Police Chiefs on Policing Outcomes","authors":"Kelsey Shoub, Leah Christiani","doi":"10.1177/10780874221113216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10780874221113216","url":null,"abstract":"A frequently proposed “solution” to the problem of racially targeted policing is to diversify the leadership of a police department, such as instate a Black police chief. However, little is known about how and when such changes may alter policing outcomes. Here, we question whether this descriptive representation leads to a reduction in racial disparities in policing outcomes and how the political and social context may condition that relationship – captured by why a transition took place. To test this, we turn to traffic stop data from nine agencies in Illinois that had variation in chief race between 2004 and 2018. We find that who heads a police department – and why they were appointed (i.e., transition type) – is linked to search rates following a traffic stop, which has implications for work on race and policing, descriptive representation, and local politics.","PeriodicalId":51427,"journal":{"name":"Urban Affairs Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42355276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Restorative Revitalization in Inner-Ring Suburban Communities: Lessons from Maple Heights, OH 内环郊区社区的恢复性振兴：俄亥俄州Maple Heights的经验教训
IF 2.1 3区 社会学
Urban Affairs Review Pub Date : 2022-07-07 DOI: 10.1177/10780874221107353
Hannah Lebovits
{"title":"Restorative Revitalization in Inner-Ring Suburban Communities: Lessons from Maple Heights, OH","authors":"Hannah Lebovits","doi":"10.1177/10780874221107353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10780874221107353","url":null,"abstract":"Suburban revitalization efforts can remain ineffective when they do not adequately address the historic harm done to minority, low-income communities via economic, housing, public finance, banking, and urban planning practices. To determine an alternative approach, I use a process tracing method to study the efforts of a Midwestern inner-ring, minority-majority suburban community, returning from the edge of collapse after decades of disinvestment and crises. The findings reveal a significant change in revitalization efforts following the election of the first Black and first woman mayor; driven by justice-centered partnerships and justice-centered language. In my analysis, I argue that though the policy efforts do not vary significantly from standard redevelopment practices, the administration’s emphasis on resolving historic harm added an important restorative justice lens, making the effort more fruitful and far-reaching. I conclude with recommendations to enhance the study and application of restorative justice themes in urban research.","PeriodicalId":51427,"journal":{"name":"Urban Affairs Review","volume":"59 1","pages":"1470 - 1495"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45142083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Motivated Localism: Polarization and Public Support for Intergovernmental Carbon Reduction Efforts 动机的地方主义：两极分化和公众对政府间碳减排努力的支持
IF 2.1 3区 社会学
Urban Affairs Review Pub Date : 2022-07-06 DOI: 10.1177/10780874221109462
A. Deslatte
{"title":"Motivated Localism: Polarization and Public Support for Intergovernmental Carbon Reduction Efforts","authors":"A. Deslatte","doi":"10.1177/10780874221109462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10780874221109462","url":null,"abstract":"Climate challenges in the 21st century have given rise to re-thinking the role of local governments in confronting larger-than-local challenges. However, anthropogenic climate change has become a weaponized partisan issue, and surveys show a growing partisan tribalization over climate science. Empowering local governments to take broader climate and sustainability actions is one avenue for addressing this. This study tests a localism hypothesis, which holds that citizens will be more supportive of local climate efforts when the benefits are internalized by the community. This deference to locally directed actions springs from the predisposition for decentralization of political authority widely attributed to localism, a directional goal of motivated reasoners which may feed into social identity, cohesion and shared community values. Through three survey experiments, the study finds citizens are more likely to favor continuation of local climate-related programs in the face of high performance and politicization at the federal level.","PeriodicalId":51427,"journal":{"name":"Urban Affairs Review","volume":"59 1","pages":"1665 - 1699"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49382311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Do Shallow Rental Subsidies Promote Housing Stability? Evidence on Costs and Effects from DC’s Flexible Program 小额租金补贴促进住房稳定吗?DC灵活项目的成本和效果证据
IF 2.1 3区 社会学
Urban Affairs Review Pub Date : 2022-07-06 DOI: 10.1177/10780874221111140
M. Alva, Nat Mammo, Ryan T. Moore, S. Quinney
{"title":"Do Shallow Rental Subsidies Promote Housing Stability? Evidence on Costs and Effects from DC’s Flexible Program","authors":"M. Alva, Nat Mammo, Ryan T. Moore, S. Quinney","doi":"10.1177/10780874221111140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10780874221111140","url":null,"abstract":"Residents of cities face housing instability due to high housing costs. We conduct a randomized experiment evaluating the impacts of a flexible “shallow subsidy” among 668 qualified renters with recent housing instability. This local subsidy provides $7,200 a year directly to families earning less than 30 percent of the median family income, who choose how much assistance to use each month. Using administrative data, we track outcomes for the first year of program administration. After one year, the program has no statistically significant effect on homelessness, cash benefit receipt, or emergency rental assistance utilization, demonstrating no harm when compared to alternatives. However, the program leads to a 29 percentage point decrease in participants’ use of other types of local government housing services, which they must weigh against the shallow subsidy. We show that the program can be administratively cost-saving, but is not always beneficial for a very low-income subset of applicants.","PeriodicalId":51427,"journal":{"name":"Urban Affairs Review","volume":"59 1","pages":"1530 - 1566"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48294527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Choice to Discriminate: How Source of Income Discrimination Constrains Opportunity for Housing Choice Voucher Holders 歧视的选择:收入来源歧视如何限制住房选择券持有人的机会
IF 2.1 3区 社会学
Urban Affairs Review Pub Date : 2022-07-05 DOI: 10.1177/10780874221109591
Forrest Hangen, D. O’Brien
{"title":"The Choice to Discriminate: How Source of Income Discrimination Constrains Opportunity for Housing Choice Voucher Holders","authors":"Forrest Hangen, D. O’Brien","doi":"10.1177/10780874221109591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10780874221109591","url":null,"abstract":"The “choice” in the Housing Choice Voucher (HCV) program signals the mobility offered to voucher holders. However, some landlords use source of income (SOI) discrimination to exclude voucher holders—limiting their locational choices. We propose several factors likely to influence this landlord strategy including, market competitiveness, stereotypes, and racial discrimination. We examine the prevalence of express SOI discrimination and the effectiveness of SOI antidiscrimination laws. We utilize a novel dataset of 1,107,110 rental listings from the Craigslist pages of 77 mid-sized US cities. We find significant amounts of express SOI discrimination, even where there are SOI antidiscrimination laws. Using multilevel models, we find that landlords are more likely to expressly discriminate in lower-opportunity neighborhoods and when they own market-competitive units. We also find that these factors are moderated by the concentration of voucher holders. These findings underscore how landlord strategies can combine to undermine the choice afforded to voucher holders.","PeriodicalId":51427,"journal":{"name":"Urban Affairs Review","volume":"59 1","pages":"1601 - 1625"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42515502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Wealthier Neighbors and Higher Rents: The Rental Assistance Demonstration and Gentrification 富裕的邻居和更高的租金：租金援助示范与绅士化
IF 2.1 3区 社会学
Urban Affairs Review Pub Date : 2022-06-29 DOI: 10.1177/10780874221109453
Warren Lowell, Imari Z. Smith
{"title":"Wealthier Neighbors and Higher Rents: The Rental Assistance Demonstration and Gentrification","authors":"Warren Lowell, Imari Z. Smith","doi":"10.1177/10780874221109453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10780874221109453","url":null,"abstract":"Public housing redevelopment is associated with the gentrification of neighborhoods. However, the Rental Assistance Demonstration (RAD), the largest redevelopment program in the U.S. to date, encourages preservation and introduces tenant protections that potentially limit gentrification-related displacement. In the first nationwide study of RAD's impact on neighborhoods, we linked administrative housing data with the American Community Survey and conducted difference-in-differences analyses of 1,141 neighborhoods across the U.S. to ask if RAD has induced changes associated with gentrification. We find that neighborhoods with redevelopment experienced larger gains in middle-class residents and larger losses in very low-income residents compared to similar, untreated neighborhoods. Neighborhoods with RAD also saw larger increases in rental housing costs, and these increases were largest in neighborhoods where redevelopment was extensive. These findings suggest that RAD contributes to gentrification. We use these findings to argue that policymakers must consider the housing stability of public housing's neighbors when planning redevelopment.","PeriodicalId":51427,"journal":{"name":"Urban Affairs Review","volume":"59 1","pages":"1626 - 1664"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47206904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Identifying Plan Perceptions: Higher Education Institutions as Arts and Cultural Anchors 识别计划感知:高等教育机构作为艺术和文化锚
IF 2.1 3区 社会学
Urban Affairs Review Pub Date : 2022-06-27 DOI: 10.1177/10780874221108103
Amanda J. Ashley, Carolyn G. Loh, L. Durham, R. Kim, Karen Bubb
{"title":"Identifying Plan Perceptions: Higher Education Institutions as Arts and Cultural Anchors","authors":"Amanda J. Ashley, Carolyn G. Loh, L. Durham, R. Kim, Karen Bubb","doi":"10.1177/10780874221108103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10780874221108103","url":null,"abstract":"City leaders easily recognize their local HEIs as economic anchors, often as part of an intentional “eds and meds” strategy. Universities have long been viewed by city governments as important arts and cultural patrons, presenters, and educators. However, it is not clear that local governments recognize HEIs as key players in arts and cultural economies to the fullest extent possible, nor that they see the possibilities for universities to act as arts and cultural anchors beyond their traditional roles. The local arts and cultural master plan is a key document in which we would expect to see city officials demonstrate this understanding and to advance strategies to capitalize on HEIs’ presence in their communities. Yet our analysis of these plans finds that they provide limited detail on and display a limited conceptualization of these institutions’ contributions to the city's arts scene and cultural economy, thereby missing important economic development opportunities.","PeriodicalId":51427,"journal":{"name":"Urban Affairs Review","volume":"59 1","pages":"1496 - 1529"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46867708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Revisiting the Micro-Foundations of the Tiebout Theory of Local Expenditures: Are Private Community Amenities Substitutes for Local Public Services in Residential Choices? 重新审视地方支出Tiebout理论的微观基础：在住宅选择中，私人社区便利设施是否取代了地方公共服务？
IF 2.1 3区 社会学
Urban Affairs Review Pub Date : 2022-06-14 DOI: 10.1177/10780874221103765
K. Canales, Martha E. Kropf, Suzanne M. Leland, Cherie D. Maestas
{"title":"Revisiting the Micro-Foundations of the Tiebout Theory of Local Expenditures: Are Private Community Amenities Substitutes for Local Public Services in Residential Choices?","authors":"K. Canales, Martha E. Kropf, Suzanne M. Leland, Cherie D. Maestas","doi":"10.1177/10780874221103765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10780874221103765","url":null,"abstract":"Tiebout's theory of local expenditures predicts the efficient provision of local tax and expenditure bundles via market forces occur when individuals “vote with their feet” (Tiebout 1956). Private amenity choices may distort market signals to local governments. Thus we conduct a conjoint experiment to explore how citizens make choices among hypothetical apartment homes, varying public and club good attributes. This allows us to vary both apartment community and city amenities independently to determine whether private club or public amenities are more influential in shaping residency choices. Regardless of the quality of city services, citizens on average are willing to pay for an additional layer of safety provided by an apartment complex. We conclude that the city's tax expenditure bundle is not the only consideration in residential location choice, suggesting that there is disruption in the efficient provision of public goods.","PeriodicalId":51427,"journal":{"name":"Urban Affairs Review","volume":"59 1","pages":"1441 - 1469"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45043490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Urban Social Movement Strategies in Times of Crisis: Evidence from the Movements for Housing in São Paulo 危机时期的城市社会运动策略:来自<s:1>圣保罗住房运动的证据
IF 2.1 3区 社会学
Urban Affairs Review Pub Date : 2022-06-10 DOI: 10.1177/10780874221103742
Maureen M. Donaghy
{"title":"Urban Social Movement Strategies in Times of Crisis: Evidence from the Movements for Housing in São Paulo","authors":"Maureen M. Donaghy","doi":"10.1177/10780874221103742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10780874221103742","url":null,"abstract":"This research note seeks to update our understanding of the factors that influence shifts in social movement strategies. In light of the COVID-19 pandemic, I assess the role of crisis in whether and how social movements reshape their strategies and perhaps redefine their fight for the right to the city. Though previous research has shown the importance of political opportunities and ideology for social movement strategies, we need to reassess these variables and the direction of change in times of crisis. Using the case of the Union of Housing Movements in São Paulo, I find that though the tactics of the movement responded to a conflictual relationship at the federal level and a need to meet immediate needs of members, the ideology of the movement provided the structure for continuing to engage in inclusionary governance strategies and renewed energy for transformational change.","PeriodicalId":51427,"journal":{"name":"Urban Affairs Review","volume":"58 1","pages":"1757 - 1772"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41846738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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