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How Policy Entrepreneurs Encourage or Hinder Urban Growth Within a Political Market 政策企业家如何在政治市场中鼓励或阻碍城市发展
IF 2.1 3区 社会学
Urban Affairs Review Pub Date : 2022-05-12 DOI: 10.1177/10780874221097078
Edgar E. Ramírez, Manlio F. Castillo, Eliana I. Sánchez
{"title":"How Policy Entrepreneurs Encourage or Hinder Urban Growth Within a Political Market","authors":"Edgar E. Ramírez, Manlio F. Castillo, Eliana I. Sánchez","doi":"10.1177/10780874221097078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10780874221097078","url":null,"abstract":"This paper updates and extends the Political Market Framework (PMF) by integrating elements of interest groups and political market theory with policy entrepreneurs’ (PEs) roles in explaining the patterns of urban infrastructure construction. The prominent role of PEs is observed through a grounded analysis of two large infrastructure projects in Mexico City. A comparative study of the cases suggests that: (1) The agency of PEs in political markets is central to explaining the construction of urban infrastructure; (2) PEs contribute to the definition of pro-growth or anti-growth coalitions and the definition of public problems; (3) the legitimacy of PEs is grounded in their political or technical reputation, or both; (4) the appropriate use of political institutions requires that PEs know how to use electoral timing strategically; and (5) the role of PEs seems to be better understood within a bounded analysis framework, such as the political markets approach.","PeriodicalId":51427,"journal":{"name":"Urban Affairs Review","volume":"59 1","pages":"1250 - 1278"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48646456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
The Effects of Rental Assistance Programs on Neighborhood Outcomes for U.S. Children: Nationwide Evidence by Program and Race/Ethnicity 租房援助计划对美国儿童邻里结果的影响:全国范围内的计划和种族/民族证据
IF 2.1 3区 社会学
Urban Affairs Review Pub Date : 2022-05-10 DOI: 10.1177/10780874221098376
Andrew Fenelon, N. Slopen, S. Newman
{"title":"The Effects of Rental Assistance Programs on Neighborhood Outcomes for U.S. Children: Nationwide Evidence by Program and Race/Ethnicity","authors":"Andrew Fenelon, N. Slopen, S. Newman","doi":"10.1177/10780874221098376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10780874221098376","url":null,"abstract":"Project-based housing programs and tenant-based housing programs (vouchers) may have differential effects on neighborhood outcomes for residents. Theoretically, vouchers should enhance access to low-poverty neighborhoods for low-income families thereby promoting economic mobility for children, though vouchers’ success may vary by race and ethnicity. Drawing on a national survey-administrative data linkage and a quasi-experimental approach, we examine the impact of project-based housing and vouchers on an index of socioeconomic neighborhood disadvantage among children. We find that living in project-based housing leads to greater exposure to neighborhood disadvantage while receiving vouchers leads to reduced exposure. Reductions in neighborhood disadvantage for children receiving vouchers are found only for non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic/Latino children. For non-White families, vouchers are associated with a reduced likelihood of living in high-poverty neighborhoods and increased likelihood of living in low-poverty neighborhoods, presenting an opportunity to narrow racial and ethnic differences in children's neighborhood attainment.","PeriodicalId":51427,"journal":{"name":"Urban Affairs Review","volume":"59 1","pages":"832 - 865"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41428710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
What Does it Mean to be Homeless? How Definitions Affect Homelessness Policy 无家可归意味着什么？定义如何影响无家可归政策
IF 2.1 3区 社会学
Urban Affairs Review Pub Date : 2022-05-03 DOI: 10.1177/10780874221095185
A. Sullivan
{"title":"What Does it Mean to be Homeless? How Definitions Affect Homelessness Policy","authors":"A. Sullivan","doi":"10.1177/10780874221095185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10780874221095185","url":null,"abstract":"Government agencies use varying criteria in defining homelessness. While scholars debate over and use different definitions of homelessness, little research has explored the impacts the definition has on perceived problem severity and the types of communities receiving aid. I first explore four definitions of child and youth homelessness used by United States’ federal agencies. I then use panel data for school districts, which report homelessness by subgroup, to analyze how the definition of homelessness changes its prevalence and leads to disparate impacts. I find the definition of homelessness including students living doubled-up leads to a higher growth rate. Definitions also change which districts have high rates of homelessness and characteristics of these districts, suggesting resources following students experiencing homelessness go to different types of communities. Scholars should consider how a problem is defined, differences in the measurement used between studies, and how the definition affects where resources go.","PeriodicalId":51427,"journal":{"name":"Urban Affairs Review","volume":"59 1","pages":"728 - 758"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41431434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
“Listen to the People of Starkville”: Dynamics of (Extra-)Local Political Opposition to Short-Term Rental Regulation in a Small Southern City “倾听斯塔克维尔人民的声音”:一个南方小城市(非)地方政治反对短期租赁法规的动态
IF 2.1 3区 社会学
Urban Affairs Review Pub Date : 2022-04-20 DOI: 10.1177/10780874221095190
Taylor Shelton
{"title":"“Listen to the People of Starkville”: Dynamics of (Extra-)Local Political Opposition to Short-Term Rental Regulation in a Small Southern City","authors":"Taylor Shelton","doi":"10.1177/10780874221095190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10780874221095190","url":null,"abstract":"Though housing inequality is manifest in a variety of ways around the world, one of the most noteworthy has been the rise of short-term rentals. And while a growing body of literature has demonstrated the negative impacts of this new housing typology on cities and neighborhoods, as well as the need for such cities to regulate this phenomenon, scholars have had less to say about how the fights for and against these regulations have actually played out. Through a case study of proposed short-term rental regulations in the small southern college town of Starkville, Mississippi, this paper documents some of the key ways that fights over short-term rental regulation actually play out on the ground, and how these dynamics can lead to more effective approaches to regulating short-term rentals in the future.","PeriodicalId":51427,"journal":{"name":"Urban Affairs Review","volume":"59 1","pages":"1321 - 1351"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48591030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
‘Whiny, Fake, and I Don't Like Her Hair’: Gendered Assessments of Mayoral Candidates “爱发牢骚，假的，我不喜欢她的头发”:对市长候选人的性别评估
IF 2.1 3区 社会学
Urban Affairs Review Pub Date : 2022-04-13 DOI: 10.1177/10780874221090874
Erin Tolley, A. Lawlor, Alexandre Fortier-Chouinard
{"title":"‘Whiny, Fake, and I Don't Like Her Hair’: Gendered Assessments of Mayoral Candidates","authors":"Erin Tolley, A. Lawlor, Alexandre Fortier-Chouinard","doi":"10.1177/10780874221090874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10780874221090874","url":null,"abstract":"Municipal mayoral elections present a compelling puzzle: what happens when gendered stereotypes about level of government conflict with those about type of office? Although local politics is viewed as communal and more feminine, the mayoral office is a prominent, prestigious position of political leadership that voters may perceive as more masculine. We intervene by analyzing open-ended comments about 32 mayoral candidates from a survey of 14,438 municipal electors in eight Canadian cities. We argue gendered trait and issue stereotypes are embedded in voters’ assessments of mayoral candidates. We find no evidence that female candidates benefit from their perceived competence in local policy issues, and they experience backlash when they display the traits typically associated with strong leaders. We conclude that, even at the level of government frequently thought of as more open to women, female mayoral candidates are disadvantaged by an enduring association between masculinity and political leadership.","PeriodicalId":51427,"journal":{"name":"Urban Affairs Review","volume":"59 1","pages":"977 - 1012"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43982109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Can Economic Growth Reduce Public Dissatisfaction? Evidence from a Panel Threshold Model in Chinese Cities 经济增长能减少公众不满吗？来自中国城市面板阈值模型的证据
IF 2.1 3区 社会学
Urban Affairs Review Pub Date : 2022-04-11 DOI: 10.1177/10780874221091591
Yao Liu, Jiannan Wu, Jiayin Qi, Yuling Deng, Alimire Tuerhong
{"title":"Can Economic Growth Reduce Public Dissatisfaction? Evidence from a Panel Threshold Model in Chinese Cities","authors":"Yao Liu, Jiannan Wu, Jiayin Qi, Yuling Deng, Alimire Tuerhong","doi":"10.1177/10780874221091591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10780874221091591","url":null,"abstract":"Much is known about the relationship between economic growth and satisfaction, while little is known about the relationship between economic growth and dissatisfaction. This study measures the levels of public dissatisfaction in 36 Chinese cities from 2011 to 2018 using data from an official online petition platform. We construct panel data to analyze the impact of per capita GDP and per capita income on public dissatisfaction. The results show that per capita income has a significant negative effect on public dissatisfaction, but only once the per capita income exceeds a threshold amount. In the extended discussion, the nonlinear relationship between income and public dissatisfaction is described as a stair-shaped curve. The results imply the need for developing countries to adhere to economic policies based on income maximization.","PeriodicalId":51427,"journal":{"name":"Urban Affairs Review","volume":"59 1","pages":"918 - 948"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43812664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Mapping Racial Capital: Gentrification, Race and Value in Three Chicago Neighborhoods 绘制种族资本地图：芝加哥三个街区的绅士化、种族和价值
IF 2.1 3区 社会学
Urban Affairs Review Pub Date : 2022-04-07 DOI: 10.1177/10780874221082614
Jesse Mumm, Carolina Sternberg
{"title":"Mapping Racial Capital: Gentrification, Race and Value in Three Chicago Neighborhoods","authors":"Jesse Mumm, Carolina Sternberg","doi":"10.1177/10780874221082614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10780874221082614","url":null,"abstract":"We interrogate the interrelations of race and gentrification in three Chicago neighborhoods of historical significance to Black, Mexican, and Puerto Rican residents. Our previous work indicates that historical legacies of structural racism mean that gentrification works differently in each area, although the extant literature has not directly addressed how race fuels local valuation regimes. For each neighborhood we provide GIS mapping of 30 years of property parcel data and Census block data on race, compared with a parcel level visual scan of material conditions in the built environment. Changes in value at the block level reveal value assigned to whiteness irrespective of material improvement and run counter to standard explanations of gentrification but closely align with a model of racial capitalism. We bridge the gap between qualitative and quantitative research by mapping the everyday life of racial change that is felt and known by residents of color in Chicago.","PeriodicalId":51427,"journal":{"name":"Urban Affairs Review","volume":"59 1","pages":"793 - 831"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44332052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Officer-Involved Killings and the Repression of Protest 参与杀害和镇压抗议活动的警官
IF 2.1 3区 社会学
Urban Affairs Review Pub Date : 2022-03-17 DOI: 10.1177/10780874221087220
Traci Burch
{"title":"Officer-Involved Killings and the Repression of Protest","authors":"Traci Burch","doi":"10.1177/10780874221087220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10780874221087220","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the likelihood that officer-involved killings affect protest. Analyzing respondents to the Collaborative Multiracial Political Survey (CMPS) reveals no increases in protest activity between treatment groups exposed to officer-involved killings in their local area prior to participating in the survey and control groups who were exposed to officer-involved killings after survey participation overall. In fact, local exposure to Black victims appears to repress protest, but only among young Black respondents. This effect depends on the characteristics of the victim and the incident, as killings of low threat Black victims do not seem to repress protest.","PeriodicalId":51427,"journal":{"name":"Urban Affairs Review","volume":"59 1","pages":"580 - 610"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49482178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Beyond Urban Displacement: Suburban Poverty and Eviction 超越城市流离失所:郊区贫困和驱逐
IF 2.1 3区 社会学
Urban Affairs Review Pub Date : 2022-03-07 DOI: 10.1177/10780874221085676
P. Hepburn, D. Rutan, Matthew Desmond
{"title":"Beyond Urban Displacement: Suburban Poverty and Eviction","authors":"P. Hepburn, D. Rutan, Matthew Desmond","doi":"10.1177/10780874221085676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10780874221085676","url":null,"abstract":"Eviction has been studied almost exclusively as an urban phenomenon. The growing suburbanization of poverty in the United States, however, provides new cause to analyze the prevalence and correlates of displacement beyond cities. This study analyzes urban-suburban disparities in eviction rates across 71 large metropolitan areas. We show that eviction is a common experience in suburbs as well as cities. Urban eviction rates exceed suburban rates in most cases, but one in six metropolitan areas experienced higher eviction rates in the suburbs. Multilevel models show that key correlates of eviction—especially poverty and median rent—influence eviction patterns differently in urban and suburban contexts. We explore variations in urban-suburban disparities through case studies of Milwaukee, Seattle, and Miami. Metropolitan areas with larger shifts toward suburban poverty, more expensive urban rental markets, and more segregated suburbs experience more suburban evictions.","PeriodicalId":51427,"journal":{"name":"Urban Affairs Review","volume":"59 1","pages":"759 - 792"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65550910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Urban Fault Lines: The Politics of Territorial Restructuring in Nanjing and Ningbo 城市断层线：南京与宁波的领土结构调整政治
IF 2.1 3区 社会学
Urban Affairs Review Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.1177/10780874221082219
Kyle A. Jaros
{"title":"Urban Fault Lines: The Politics of Territorial Restructuring in Nanjing and Ningbo","authors":"Kyle A. Jaros","doi":"10.1177/10780874221082219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10780874221082219","url":null,"abstract":"Recent decades have seen a flurry of administrative division adjustments (ADAs) in major Chinese cities, including ADAs that reconfigure multiple local government units at once. Despite the growing visibility of such reforms, it remains unclear how they come about and how profoundly they change cities’ governance and development prospects. To address these questions, this paper examines cases of ADA in Nanjing and Ningbo that had varying practical and political significance. Nanjing's 2013 ADA, though broad in scope, primarily served the purpose of administrative streamlining. By contrast, Ningbo's 2016 ADA marked a political and economic turning point, furthering the city's agenda of territorial consolidation. This detailed case comparison traces how varying ADA outcomes emerged from different intergovernmental relationships between cities, urban subunits, and provincial authorities, highlighting the territorial interest conflicts that play out within Chinese cities and the broader political challenges surrounding efforts to improve metropolitan governance.","PeriodicalId":51427,"journal":{"name":"Urban Affairs Review","volume":"59 1","pages":"372 - 405"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48578899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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