Urban Affairs Review最新文献

{"title":"Sanctuary Policies and the Influence of Local Demographics and Partisanship","authors":"B. O’Brien, Loren Collingwood, M. Paarlberg","doi":"10.1177/10780874231152786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10780874231152786","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the increased scholarship on sanctuary localities in the United States, there is little research analyzing the factors that lead to the adoption of sanctuary resolutions at the municipal level. Drawing on a new dataset of sanctuary and nonsanctuary cities, we theorize that policy adoption is driven primarily by two factors and their interaction: the size of the foreign-born population and local partisanship. We examine cities that passed sanctuary policies between 2000 and 2018 and compare these localities to nonsanctuaries. Using a novel time series cross-section dataset (TSCS) of all cities and designated places and a Cox proportional hazard model, we find that Democratic-leaning cities with high foreign-born populations predict sanctuary passage, whereas Republican-leaning cities with larger foreign-born populations are unlikely to adopt these policies. We thus find that while partisanship motivates sanctuary policy adoption, at the same time, the size of the foreign-born population also increases the likelihood of passage.","PeriodicalId":51427,"journal":{"name":"Urban Affairs Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48992279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction to Volume 59, Issue 2","authors":"Maureen M. Donaghy, Yue Zhang","doi":"10.1177/10780874221149531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10780874221149531","url":null,"abstract":"This issue brings us new insights into urban governance and policy change. Urban governance has been a major focus in the urban politics and policy literature in recent decades. With the transition from “city government” to “urban governance,” scholars emphasize the interaction between various state and nonstate actors at multiple levels, through both formal institutional arrangements and informal exchanges (Kaufmann and Sidney 2020; Peters and Pierre 2012; Hambleton and Gross 2007). While the concept of urban governance first emerged in the Western European academic milieu in the 1990s, there is an exciting emerging literature exploring the processes and consequences of urban governance in a cross-national context and diverse issue areas. We find that the articles in this issue investigate different aspects of urban governance, including policy change, policy implementation, political economy, and officer-involved killings.","PeriodicalId":51427,"journal":{"name":"Urban Affairs Review","volume":"59 1","pages":"331 - 336"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46886402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Racialized Real Estate Agency in U.S. Housing Markets: A Research Note","authors":"Hannah Lee, K. Crowder, Elizabeth Korver‐Glenn","doi":"10.1177/10780874231152590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10780874231152590","url":null,"abstract":"Case studies have illuminated that U.S. real estate agents, as key housing market gatekeepers, continue to maintain racial residential stratification well into the twenty-first century. We use novel survey data gathered from real estate agents across the United States to descriptively explore agents’ ideas about clients of color in the housing market, as well as their practices, such as conducting business through social networks. Our findings provide evidence of the subtle and more overt ways that these ideas and practices that, when taken together, constitute what we call racialized real estate agency and contribute to ongoing racial segregation. We issue a call for future research to continue examining the ways agents’ and other gatekeepers’ ideas and practices contribute to or mitigate stratifying processes and describe the utility of such research for policy.","PeriodicalId":51427,"journal":{"name":"Urban Affairs Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43146962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecological, Engineering and Community Resilience Policy Adoption in Large US Cities","authors":"Kiran Kang, A. Bowman, Bryce Hannibal, Sierra Woodruff, Kent Portney (deceased)","doi":"10.1177/10780874221150793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10780874221150793","url":null,"abstract":"This paper seeks to identify which resilience-oriented policies are being enacted and factors that influence policy adoption. We develop clusters of policies related to three types of resilience: ecological, engineering, and community. Among large U.S. cities, we find wide variation in the number and type of policies enacted. Through multivariate analysis, we identify factors that are associated with the adoption of these policies. Similar to earlier work on sustainability and climate change policy, our results show that larger cities are more likely to adopt all three types of resilience policies. Wealthier and liberal cities adopt more ecological resilience policies. Cities that are members of city networks also adopt more policies, but not all networks significantly influence policy adoption suggesting that network goals and connections are important. We also find that among these large cities, it is the smaller of them that appear to benefit most from membership in networks.","PeriodicalId":51427,"journal":{"name":"Urban Affairs Review","volume":"59 1","pages":"1973 - 2004"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42677654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Boiling the Frog Slowly: Reducing Resistance to Neoliberal Education Reform Through Window Dressing Strategies","authors":"J. Rubin, Stephen Danley","doi":"10.1177/10780874221147474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10780874221147474","url":null,"abstract":"Increasingly partisan perceptions of neoliberal education reforms and resistance to such reforms from communities they negatively impact have created challenges for some neoliberal reformers. This article uses a case study of the state takeover and dramatic reshaping of the Camden, New Jersey school district to examine how some reformers have responded to those challenges. We find that Camden's state-appointed superintendents used multiple messaging and framing techniques to diffuse community resistance to unpopular policies. We refer to these techniques collectively as window dressing because they are intended to create a perception of movement away from neoliberalism without actually changing neoliberal policies. These strategies are intended to move public opinion and discourage resistance without having to fundamentally address critiques of neoliberal reform. We posit that neoliberal reformers are likely to expand their use of window dressing techniques in response to a growing rejection of neoliberal education policies, particularly by Democrats and progressives.","PeriodicalId":51427,"journal":{"name":"Urban Affairs Review","volume":"59 1","pages":"1875 - 1907"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49521745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Impact of Ferry Transit on Urban Crime","authors":"Bryan S. Weber, Paolo Cappellari","doi":"10.1177/10780874221143047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10780874221143047","url":null,"abstract":"In 2017, over a dozen ferry stations were introduced across the NYC region on multiple dates, serving roughly 10,000 customers per day. We measure a negative association between these stations and crime reduction, a significant decline of 11 crimes per week (11%) at a one-mile radius around the stations, and about 1 crime per week (32%) over the extremely narrow base of crime at the station itself. We also find no evidence of crime displacement. This study first utilized a traditional difference-in-differences methodology, but we also used a new tool, the causal random forest. Both methodologies are compared and contrasted with an eye toward user understanding. The results of our analysis are consistent and coherent across all the different methodologies, with the causal random forest finding more pronounced effects by taking into account two major factors: the propensity of the regions for treatment, and the interaction between elements of interest.","PeriodicalId":51427,"journal":{"name":"Urban Affairs Review","volume":"59 1","pages":"1950 - 1972"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44331301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Introduction to Volume 59, Issue 1: Progressive Cities, Voters and their Elected Officials, Privatized Services, Neighbors and Neighborhoods, and Housing","authors":"Richardson Dilworth, M. Sidney","doi":"10.1177/10780874221141141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10780874221141141","url":null,"abstract":"1. Howmight cities be more progressive or socially just?What are the building blocks, the theories of governance, and their potential and limits? 2. What motivates voters and officeholders in local government, and how do local managers assess privatized services? 3. What explains neighborhood dynamics, including conflicts between residents, and barriers to affordable housing, such as eviction, housing vacancy, and limited availability of multifamily housing?","PeriodicalId":51427,"journal":{"name":"Urban Affairs Review","volume":"59 1","pages":"8 - 13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48596902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hello! A Letter from the New Editors","authors":"Richardson Dilworth, Maureen M. Donaghy, Christina M. Greer, M. Sidney, Timothy P. R. Weaver, Yue Zhang","doi":"10.1177/10780874221141135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10780874221141135","url":null,"abstract":"We are honored and excited by the opportunity to shape and promote research in one of the world’s longest-standing urban social science journals. We are truly grateful and thankful to the outgoing team – Phil Ashton, Peter Burns, Jered Carr, Josh Drucker, Yue Zhang (also part of the new team), the editorial board, and assistant managing editor, Liz Motyka – for strengthening the journal. We have grand plans to enhance it and its companion website, urbanaffairsreview.com. Of course, by the time anyone reads this our grand plans will have met the maelstrom of manuscript submissions, contentious R&Rs, and the desperate search for reviewers. In the brief period before that happens, we wanted to take some time to chart the direction for this journal over the next five years. After that we have produced a brief introduction to this current issue, the first of Volume 59 – a new feature that will be included at the beginning of all issues. According to the journal’s first editor Marilyn Gittell, the founding in 1965 of Urban Affairs Quarterly (it became the Review in 1995) was “a reflection of the national mood in the 1960s, an acceptance of the responsibility that faced us as a society to confront the needs of our cities through national urban policies” (Gittell 1985, 13). Indeed, the inside cover of the first issue included a quote by U.S. President Lyndon Johnson saying that “the development of plans and programs for the improvement of the urban environment are tasks of the highest importance for all Americans” (quoted in Hunter and Lineberry 1980, 131). But the journal’s goal was always broader than to serve as a response to the emergent “urban crisis” in the United States. Gittell outlined its scope as being “(1) to ‘provide a forum for an interdisciplinary approach to urban studies’; (2) to pay attention to the ‘need for an interchange of ideas and information between the academic community and policy makers’; and (3) to ‘fill the obvious gap in comparative analysis’” (Hunter and Lineberry 1980, 131). We seek to maintain and advance these goals, though their substance has evolved along with the evolution of academic disciplines associated with urban politics and policy, and urban studies. It’s a different world today but of course not entirely so. We face global urban crises, which also include elements of earlier challenges, especially around housing, energy, infrastructure, poverty, and race. Today the effects of climate change cannot be ignored, nor the realities of pandemics such as Letter from the Editors","PeriodicalId":51427,"journal":{"name":"Urban Affairs Review","volume":"59 1","pages":"3 - 7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48155818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From the Editors: It’s Been our Honor…","authors":"Jered B. Carr","doi":"10.1177/10780874221135706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10780874221135706","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51427,"journal":{"name":"Urban Affairs Review","volume":"58 1","pages":"1491 - 1492"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49631157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immigrants Serving in Local Government: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Factors Affecting Candidacy and Election.","authors":"Shervin Ghaem-Maghami,&nbsp;Vincent Z Kuuire","doi":"10.1177/10780874211038500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10780874211038500","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Descriptive representation, the extent to which politicians reflect the descriptive characteristics (e.g., ethnicity or gender) of their constituents, has been studied at various scales since it was first introduced in Hanna Pitkin's seminal work several decades ago. In recent years, scholars have also begun to investigate immigrant representation in politics, including at the local, state, and national levels of government. This study evaluates the current research on the factors affecting the election of immigrant candidates to municipal government. In addressing the lack of data-driven reviews in this type of research, the paper employs a scoping review methodological framework. Fifty-six distinct factors are identified as important for immigrants' electoral fortunes. The factors are classified under: Macro-level electoral structures and situational elements, meso-level immigrant group dynamics, and micro-level individual candidate characteristics. The most salient factors are elaborated on, together with a discussion on policy implications and future potential areas of inquiry.</p>","PeriodicalId":51427,"journal":{"name":"Urban Affairs Review","volume":"58 6","pages":"1719-1756"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9634336/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40672043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}