Journal of Phonetics最新文献

{"title":"Nonlinear second-order dynamics describe labial constriction trajectories across languages and contexts","authors":"Michael C. Stern,&nbsp;Jason A. Shaw","doi":"10.1016/j.wocn.2025.101427","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wocn.2025.101427","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We investigate the dynamics of labial constriction trajectories during the production of /b/ and /m/ in English and Mandarin in two prosodic contexts. We find that, across languages and contexts, the ratio of instantaneous displacement to instantaneous velocity generally follows an exponential decay curve from movement onset to movement offset. We formalize this empirical discovery in a differential equation and, in combination with an assumption of point attractor dynamics, derive a nonlinear second-order dynamical system describing labial constriction trajectories. The equation has only two parameters, <span><math><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mi>r</mi></mrow></math></span>. <span><math><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow></math></span> corresponds to the target state and <span><math><mrow><mi>r</mi></mrow></math></span> corresponds to movement rapidity. Thus, each of the parameters corresponds to a phonetically relevant dimension of control. Nonlinear regression demonstrates that the model provides excellent fits to individual movement trajectories. Moreover, trajectories simulated from the model qualitatively match empirical trajectories, and capture key kinematic variables like duration and peak velocity. The model constitutes a proposal for the dynamics of individual articulatory movements, and thus offers a novel foundation from which to understand additional influences on articulatory kinematics like prosody, inter-movement coordination, and stochastic noise.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51397,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phonetics","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 101427"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144307382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancements of phonetics in the 21st century: Phonetic universals, language variation, and phonetic grammar","authors":"Taehong Cho","doi":"10.1016/j.wocn.2025.101426","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wocn.2025.101426","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review, part of the journal’s special collection on <em>Advancements</em> of <em>Phonetics in the 21st Century</em>, examines the interplay between phonetic universals and language variation at both segmental and utterance levels. It traces the physiological and biomechanical foundations of phonetic universals established by 20th-century research while focusing on cross-linguistic variation explored predominantly in 21st-century research. Segmental phonetic universals include <em>the role of the syllable</em> in organizing segments and gestures, <em>intrinsic vowel duration</em> influenced by vowel height, <em>extrinsic vowel duration</em> due to coda voicing, <em>intrinsic and co-intrinsic f0 variation</em> affected by vowel height and onset consonant characteristics, respectively, and <em>place effects on closure duration and VOT</em>. While segmental universals stem from distinct mechanical bases, utterance-level universals emerge from respiratory and articulatory resets at utterance onset, shaping the entire speech production system—a perspective substantiated here based primarily on 21st-century phonetic research. These resets structure prosodic organization, leading to weakening effects at the right edge (e.g., <em>f0 declination, articulatory declination, phrase-final lengthening</em>) and strengthening effects at the left edge (e.g., <em>domain-initial strengthening</em>) and occasionally at the right edge as well (e.g., <em>phrase-final strengthening</em>) when sufficient time permits. Extensive evidence demonstrates that phonetic universals are further shaped by language-specific factors and the interaction between <em>system-oriented</em> and <em>output-oriented</em> constraints. This diversity calls for detailed phonetic descriptions tailored to each language, with phonetic grammar, as proposed here, fine-tuning phonetic realization accordingly. Research in the 21st century has also illuminated that segmental and utterance-level universals, traditionally regarded as distinct, are deeply interconnected, if not inseparable. <em>The Extended Model of Phonetic Grammar</em> is introduced as a framework for mediating this relationship within the phonetics-prosody interface as well as interactions with other higher-order linguistic structures. Furthermore, language variation within phonetic universals suggests that many phonetic processes, once considered automatic, are actively controlled by speakers, reflecting the unique evolutionary pathways of different languages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51397,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phonetics","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 101426"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144307384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancements in phonetics in the 21st century: Infant speech development","authors":"Elizabeth K. Johnson ,&nbsp;Katherine S. White","doi":"10.1016/j.wocn.2025.101425","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wocn.2025.101425","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Infant speech perception emerged as a field late in the 20th century. Early work focused on defining the initial state, and documenting the timecourse of changes in speech perception over the first year of life. At the turn of the century, attention shifted from studying <em>when</em> children became attuned to their native language, to asking <em>how</em> children achieved this transformation. Statistical learning became the dominant mechanism to explain language development. But, as researchers pushed the bounds of statistical learning, different questions took center stage: given the complexity of spoken language, how do infants determine which regularities to track? And are the patterns infants track influenced by their unique language learning environment? Inspired by these questions, researchers have shifted to studying acquisition across more diverse contexts, and to using dense corpora and big data approaches to examine how individual differences in children’s input relate to speech perception in the lab. In this paper, we first review this progression, summarizing how the field has arrived at the current state of the art. We then argue that the time is ripe for the development of new theoretical approaches, and sketch out the loose contours of SLED, a new 21st-century proposal that emphasizes the role of sociophonetic variation and the richness of the speech signal in early development. With advanced tools in hand and data from a wide variety of learning contexts increasingly available, we are excited to see how the field will evolve over the next 25 years.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51397,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phonetics","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 101425"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144289030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relative importance of stress correlates in native listeners’ identification of Spanish lexical stress produced by monolingual and bilingual speakers","authors":"Ji Young Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.wocn.2025.101418","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wocn.2025.101418","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spanish has many minimal stress pairs, and lexical stress in Spanish is marked primarily via suprasegmental cues. Thus, sensitivity to suprasegmental information is crucial for spoken-word identification in Spanish. Using stimuli produced by speakers of Mexican Spanish with varying language learning experience (i.e., monolingual speakers, heritage speakers, L2 learners), this study examines native listeners’ identification of Spanish lexical stress under enhanced variability in phonetic cues. Our data demonstrate that listeners exploit various stress correlates in the speech signal and assign different weights to them, which is context-specific; when there is a pitch accent, native listeners mainly attend to f0-related cues, whereas in the absence of a pitch accent, intensity plays a stronger role. Our data also show that clustering based on stress correlates is not consistent with the predetermined monolingual-heritage-L2 group division, which indicates that language learning experience alone is not sufficient to explain how Spanish speakers mark stress. This study highlights the importance of incorporating variable speech data in speech perception research and adopting a data-driven, individual-centered approach to speaker grouping in cross-sectional studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51397,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phonetics","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 101418"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144115751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of tone and phrasing in the occurrence of period doubling and vocal fry in Mandarin","authors":"Yaqian Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.wocn.2025.101416","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wocn.2025.101416","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Period doubling, an under-studied yet frequently-occurring subtype of creaky voice, has distinct acoustic and phonatory properties compared to vocal fry, the most-studied and known subtype of creaky voice. Little is known about their distributional patterns across tones or utterances, let alone their potentially different functions in informing linguistic meaning and categories. In this paper, I investigate the tonal and phrasal influences on the distribution of these two voicing types as they occur sub-phonemically in Mandarin Chinese. The results show that both creak subtypes occur most frequently in Tones 3 and 2, and period doubling is more widespread across tones than vocal fry. Period doubling occurs most frequently at utterance edges, with its frequency gradually increasing toward the end of utterances, possibly reflecting vocal instability. Vocal fry, in contrast, is concentrated in the post- and pre-focal positions conditioned by the sentence-medial stimuli and in utterance-final positions, suggesting a stronger linguistic role in marking weak prosodic elements. This study also discusses implications for speech production and linguistic functions of different kinds of creak.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51397,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phonetics","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 101416"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144069107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of prior knowledge in second-language learners’ overnight consolidation of Cantonese tones","authors":"Quentin Zhen Qin ,&nbsp;Rui Jin ,&nbsp;Ruofan Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.wocn.2025.101417","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wocn.2025.101417","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the role of prior (tonal) knowledge in memory consolidation of non-native tones after an overnight sleep. While memory consolidation is beneficial in learning new sounds in a second language, only new linguistic information consistent with the existing knowledge is often prioritized for consolidation. What remains unclear from the research is whether prior tonal knowledge from a native language (i.e., pitch contour signaling the Mandarin contour-tone system) influences an overnight consolidation of tone learning. The study adopts an overnight design, using Cantonese contour and level tones contrasting in pitch contour and height, for two perceptual learning experiments conducted separately on Mandarin and English-speaking novice learners of Cantonese. The first experiment found that Mandarin-speaking participants showed a stronger effect of consolidation in novel words contrasting in contour tones than in level tones, thanks to their prior knowledge of contour tones. The consolidation effect was predicted by rough estimates of deep-sleep length. Without prior knowledge of tones, English-speaking L2 learners in the second experiment showed an (unexpected) offline improvement for both contour and level tones. Overall, the findings suggest a preferential effect on overnight consolidation of contour tones when the cues contrasting L2-Cantonese tones are consistent with L1-Mandarin prior knowledge.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51397,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phonetics","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 101417"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143931342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancements of phonetics in the 21st century: Quantitative data analysis","authors":"Morgan Sonderegger ,&nbsp;Márton Sóskuthy","doi":"10.1016/j.wocn.2025.101415","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wocn.2025.101415","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phonetic research in the 21st century has relied heavily on quantitative analysis. This article reviews the evolution of common practices and the emergence of newer techniques. Using a detailed literature survey, we show that most work follows a mainstream, which has shifted from ANOVAs to mixed-effects regression models over time. Alongside this mainstream, we highlight the increasing use of a diverse methodological toolbox, especially Bayesian methods and dynamic methods, for which we provide comprehensive reviews. Bayesian methods, as well as frequentist methods beyond linear and logistic regression, offer flexibility in model specification, interpretation, and incorporation of prior knowledge. Dynamic methods, such as GAMs and functional data analysis, capture non-linear patterns in acoustic and articulatory data. Machine learning techniques, such as random forests, expand the questions and types of data phoneticians can analyze. We also discuss the growing importance of open science practices promoting replicability and transparency. We argue that the future lies in a diverse methodological toolbox, with techniques chosen based on research questions and data structure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51397,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phonetics","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 101415"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143923730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping to perceptual identification in Mandarin learners of English","authors":"Kenneth de Jong ,&nbsp;Yu-Jung Lin ,&nbsp;Yen-Chen Hao ,&nbsp;Hanyong Park","doi":"10.1016/j.wocn.2025.101411","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wocn.2025.101411","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper examines the relationship between cross-language segmental mapping and second language identification accuracy in Taiwan Mandarin speakers learning English, and compares this relationship with that found in previous, parallel research on Korean learners of English. Mapping and identification data were collected for English anterior plosives and non-sibilant fricatives, by means of two parallel identification experiments. Mapping data came from a 17-alternative identification task with <em>Zhuyin Fuhao</em> labels (phonetic script used to annotate Mandarin sounds in Taiwan), and identification data came from a 15-alternative identification task with Roman labels, both applied to the same stimuli. Mapping data were used to generate predictions about the identification performance by estimating what the performance would be, given the use of only the Mandarin categories. Like the previous Korean data, Mandarin speakers exhibited identification rates for plosives that are very close to predicted, indicating that their plosive identification performance was heavily entangled with their Mandarin system, while fricative identification performance was greatly under-predicted by the mapping data. Further analyses of category differentiation measured with <em>d</em>-prime estimates showed that Mandarin speakers’ manner differentiation performance was very well-predicted by the mapping data, while Korean speakers’ laryngeal differentiation was better predicted. Taken together, these results indicate that the second language identification performance and the cross-language mapping into the first language are closely entangled in a single system. The additional second language component appears in a pervasive increment in performance in the second language beyond what is predicted from the first language system, and in more unaccounted-for variance in laryngeal identification than in manner identification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51397,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phonetics","volume":"110 ","pages":"Article 101411"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143868895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contribution of F0 and phonation to tone perception in the Zaiwa language","authors":"Yao Lu,&nbsp;Changwei Liang,&nbsp;Jiangping Kong","doi":"10.1016/j.wocn.2025.101413","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wocn.2025.101413","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Previous research on categorical perception of tone has primarily examined the influence of fundamental frequency (F0), while the role of phonation, though increasingly studied, remains underexplored. This study investigates the role of phonation and how it interacts with F0 cues in tone perception, using the Zaiwa language as a case study. Specifically, we examine the categorical perception of Tone 44 (produced with a pressed voice) and Tone 35 (produced with a modal voice). To achieve this, we first conducted an acoustic analysis of the Zaiwa tone system, which forms the basis for our novel method of speech synthesis. Using this method, we created six tonal continua between Tone 44 and Tone 35 by systematically modifying F0 alone, phonation alone, and both simultaneously. Native Zaiwa speakers then participated in an experiment using the categorical perception paradigm with these synthesized continua. The results indicate that the participants were unable to distinguish the phonemic categories of the two tones when only phonation was modified. While modifying F0 alone allowed for tone distinction, participants’ perception followed a continuous pattern. However, when both F0 and phonation were modified simultaneously, participants accurately identified the phonemic categories of tones and perceived the continuum between the two tones categorically. These findings suggest that both F0 and phonation serve as perceptual cues for distinguishing Tone 44 and Tone 35 in Zaiwa, with F0 as the primary cue and phonation as a secondary cue. However, phonation remains crucial, as its absence weakens the categorical perception of these tones.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51397,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phonetics","volume":"110 ","pages":"Article 101413"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143863559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Towards a dynamical account of inter-segmental coordination” [J. Phon. 109 (2025) 101392]","authors":"Shihao Du,&nbsp;Stephan R. Kuberski,&nbsp;Adamantios I. Gafos","doi":"10.1016/j.wocn.2025.101414","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wocn.2025.101414","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51397,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phonetics","volume":"110 ","pages":"Article 101414"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143838437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}