Biomechanics最新文献

{"title":"Two Repetitions May Be Enough! Reliability of Movement Timing in Physical Fitness Exercises Performed by Young, Trained Adults Using Inertial Sensors","authors":"Analina Emmanouil, E. Rousanoglou, K. Boudolos","doi":"10.3390/biomechanics4010006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomechanics4010006","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to determine the minimum number of repetitions for a high reliability of movement timing in fundamental physical fitness exercises using inertial sensors. Fifteen young men and fifteen women performed eight exercises (two-leg hop, forward lunge, squat, sit-up, shoulder abduction, hip abduction, back extension, and push-up) (preferred tempo, 3 trials, 20 repetitions per trial). The movement timing (cycle of movement in seconds and its phases in seconds and %tcycle) was tested for intra- and inter-trial reliability (SPSS 28.0, p ≤ 0.05). Just two repetitions were adequate for excellent intra- and inter-trial relative reliability (ICCs ≥ 0.75, isolated exceptions only for durations expressed as %tcycle, in only three out of the eight exercises: hip abduction, back extension, and push-up), as well as for high absolute intra- and inter-trial reliability (average SEM% at 5.9%, respectively, and 6.8% and average MDC95% at 13.7% and 15.9%, respectively, which was consistently higher than the upper boundary limit of SEM%, and a rather low CV% ranging from 1.5% to 4.9% and averaging at 3.1%). A total of four repetitions, excluding the initial and the final one, appears adequate for high overall reliability of movement timing in the eight physical fitness exercises examined.","PeriodicalId":513714,"journal":{"name":"Biomechanics","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140450676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lower Limb Cross-Over Effects on Postural Control: Impact of Proximal and Distal Muscle Fatigue","authors":"Morteza Farivar, Sara Harris, Anton Agana, Adam C. King","doi":"10.3390/biomechanics4010004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomechanics4010004","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to examine the cross-over influence of lower limb fatigue on postural control. Using two experiments, cross-over fatigue was investigated using a proximal (Experiment 1—single-leg squat) and distal (Experiment 2—calf raise) muscle group. In Experiment 1, 15 healthy young participants underwent a single-leg standing task on both the right and left leg, with variations of having eyes open or closed and on stable or unstable surfaces, performing each task for 30 s. For Experiment 2, 20 individuals performed single-leg balance testing for the right and left leg and stable and unstable surfaces. Center-of-pressure data were collected during the balance tasks and were analyzed with linear (standard deviation) and nonlinear (detrended fluctuation analysis) metrics. The results lacked significant differences (p > 0.05) for cross-over fatigue effects on the non-exercised limb, which exhibited similar levels of postural sway between the pre- and post-fatigue balance tests. These tasks may have lacked an appropriate level of duration or intensity to cause a significant effect of central fatigue on the nervous system. The findings underscore the need to better understand how a specific fatiguing task during unilateral rehabilitation may alter postural control.","PeriodicalId":513714,"journal":{"name":"Biomechanics","volume":"45 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139868432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lower Limb Cross-Over Effects on Postural Control: Impact of Proximal and Distal Muscle Fatigue","authors":"Morteza Farivar, Sara Harris, Anton Agana, Adam C. King","doi":"10.3390/biomechanics4010004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomechanics4010004","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to examine the cross-over influence of lower limb fatigue on postural control. Using two experiments, cross-over fatigue was investigated using a proximal (Experiment 1—single-leg squat) and distal (Experiment 2—calf raise) muscle group. In Experiment 1, 15 healthy young participants underwent a single-leg standing task on both the right and left leg, with variations of having eyes open or closed and on stable or unstable surfaces, performing each task for 30 s. For Experiment 2, 20 individuals performed single-leg balance testing for the right and left leg and stable and unstable surfaces. Center-of-pressure data were collected during the balance tasks and were analyzed with linear (standard deviation) and nonlinear (detrended fluctuation analysis) metrics. The results lacked significant differences (p > 0.05) for cross-over fatigue effects on the non-exercised limb, which exhibited similar levels of postural sway between the pre- and post-fatigue balance tests. These tasks may have lacked an appropriate level of duration or intensity to cause a significant effect of central fatigue on the nervous system. The findings underscore the need to better understand how a specific fatiguing task during unilateral rehabilitation may alter postural control.","PeriodicalId":513714,"journal":{"name":"Biomechanics","volume":"17 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139808945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inertial Sensing of the Abdominal Wall Kinematics during Diaphragmatic Breathing in Head Standing","authors":"E. Rousanoglou, A. Foskolou, Analina Emmanouil, K. Boudolos","doi":"10.3390/biomechanics4010005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomechanics4010005","url":null,"abstract":"Head standing (HS) in concurrence with diaphragmatic breathing is an atypical deviation from daily activity, yet commonly practiced. The study aimed at the inertially sensed effect of diaphragmatic versus normal breathing on the abdomen wall kinematics during HS. Twenty-eight men and women maintained HS and erect standing (ES) under normal and diaphragmatic breathing. An inertial sensor (LORD MicroStrain®, 3DM-GX3®-45, 2 cm above the umbilicus, 100 Hz, MicroStrain, Williston, VT, USA) recorded the 3D abdomen wall angular displacement (AD) (bandpass filter (0.1–0.5 Hz)). ANOVAs (p ≤ 0.05, SPSS 28.0) were applied to the extracted variables (AD path: magnitude, individual variability-%CVind, and diaphragmatic to normal ratio). Reliability measures (ICC and %SEM) and the minimal detectable change (%MDC90) were estimated. Diaphragmatic breathing increased the AD path (p ≤ 0.05) with the diaphragmatic to normal ratio being lower in HS (p ≤ 0.05). The similar AD time series (cross-correlations at p ≤ 0.05) and the ICCs (>0.80) indicated excellent reliability with the similar across conditions %CVind (p ≤ 0.05), further enhancing reliability. The %MDC90 was consistently higher than the %SEM upper boundary, indicating the differences as “real” ones. The results contribute to the limited data concerning a widely practiced atypical deviation from daily activity, as HS in concurrence with diaphragmatic breathing.","PeriodicalId":513714,"journal":{"name":"Biomechanics","volume":"101 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139810710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inertial Sensing of the Abdominal Wall Kinematics during Diaphragmatic Breathing in Head Standing","authors":"E. Rousanoglou, A. Foskolou, Analina Emmanouil, K. Boudolos","doi":"10.3390/biomechanics4010005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomechanics4010005","url":null,"abstract":"Head standing (HS) in concurrence with diaphragmatic breathing is an atypical deviation from daily activity, yet commonly practiced. The study aimed at the inertially sensed effect of diaphragmatic versus normal breathing on the abdomen wall kinematics during HS. Twenty-eight men and women maintained HS and erect standing (ES) under normal and diaphragmatic breathing. An inertial sensor (LORD MicroStrain®, 3DM-GX3®-45, 2 cm above the umbilicus, 100 Hz, MicroStrain, Williston, VT, USA) recorded the 3D abdomen wall angular displacement (AD) (bandpass filter (0.1–0.5 Hz)). ANOVAs (p ≤ 0.05, SPSS 28.0) were applied to the extracted variables (AD path: magnitude, individual variability-%CVind, and diaphragmatic to normal ratio). Reliability measures (ICC and %SEM) and the minimal detectable change (%MDC90) were estimated. Diaphragmatic breathing increased the AD path (p ≤ 0.05) with the diaphragmatic to normal ratio being lower in HS (p ≤ 0.05). The similar AD time series (cross-correlations at p ≤ 0.05) and the ICCs (>0.80) indicated excellent reliability with the similar across conditions %CVind (p ≤ 0.05), further enhancing reliability. The %MDC90 was consistently higher than the %SEM upper boundary, indicating the differences as “real” ones. The results contribute to the limited data concerning a widely practiced atypical deviation from daily activity, as HS in concurrence with diaphragmatic breathing.","PeriodicalId":513714,"journal":{"name":"Biomechanics","volume":"104 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139870796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcomes and Safety with Utilization of Metallic Midfoot Wedges in Foot and Ankle Orthopedic Surgery: A Systematic Review of the Literature","authors":"Grayson M. Talaski, Anthony N. Baumann, Bshara Sleem, Kempland C. Walley, A. Anastasio, Ken Gall, Samuel B. Adams","doi":"10.3390/biomechanics4010003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomechanics4010003","url":null,"abstract":"The use of midfoot wedges for the correction of flatfeet disorders, such as progressive collapsing foot disorder, has increased greatly in recent years. However, the wedge material/composition has yet to be standardized. Metallic wedges offer advantages such as comparable elasticity to bone, reduced infection risk, and minimized osseous resorption, but a comprehensive review is lacking in the literature. Therefore, the objective of this systematic review was to organize all studies pertaining to the use of metallic wedges for flatfoot correction to better understand their efficacy and safety. This systematic review adhered to PRISMA guidelines, and articles were searched in multiple databases (PubMED, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, MEDLINE, and Web of Science) until August 2023 using a defined algorithm. Inclusion criteria encompassed midfoot surgeries using metallic wedges, observational studies, and English-language full-text articles. Data extraction, article quality assessment, and statistical analyses were performed. Among 11 included articles, a total of 444 patients were assessed. The average follow-up duration was 18 months. Radiographic outcomes demonstrated that patients who received metallic wedges experienced improvements in lateral calcaneal pitch angle and Meary’s angle, with an enhancement of up to 15.9 degrees reported in the latter. Success rates indicated superior outcomes for metallic wedges (99.3%) compared to bone allograft wedges (89.9%), while complications were generally minor, including hardware pain and misplacement. Notably, there were no infection complications due to the inert nature of the metallic elements. This review summarizes the effectiveness, success rates, and safety of metallic wedges for flatfoot correction. Radiographic improvements and high success rates highlight their efficacy. Minor complications, including pain and mispositioning, were reported, but the infection risk remained low. Our results demonstrate that metallic midfoot wedges may be a viable option over allograft wedges with proper planning. Future research should prioritize long-term studies and standardized measures.","PeriodicalId":513714,"journal":{"name":"Biomechanics","volume":" 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139616761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Different Self-Selected Walking Speeds on Muscle Synergies in Transfemoral Amputees during Transient-State Gait","authors":"P. Mehryar, Mohammad Sharif Shourijeh, Tahmineh Rezaeian, A. Khandan, Neil Messenger, Rory J. O'Connor, Farzam Farahmand, Abbas Dehghani-Sanij","doi":"10.3390/biomechanics4010002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomechanics4010002","url":null,"abstract":"Facing above-knee amputation poses a significant hurdle due to its profound impact on walking ability. To overcome this challenge, a complex adaptation strategy is necessary at the neuromuscular level to facilitate safe movement with a prosthesis. Prior research conducted on lower-limb amputees has shown a comparable amount of intricacy exhibited by the neurological system, regardless of the level of amputation and state of walking. This research investigated the differences in muscle synergies among individuals with unilateral transfemoral amputations during walking at three different speeds of transient-state gait. Surface electromyography was recorded from eleven male transfemoral amputees’ intact limbs (TFA), and the concatenated non-negative matrix factorization technique was used to identify muscle synergy components, synergy vectors (S), and activation coefficient profiles (C). Results showed varying levels of correlation across paired-speed comparisons in TFA, categorized as poor (S1), moderate (S3 and S4), and strong (S2). Statistically significant differences were observed in all activation coefficients except C3, particularly during the stance phase. This study can assist therapists in understanding muscle coordination in TFA during unsteady gait, contributing to rehabilitation programs for balance and mobility improvement, and designing myoelectric prosthetic systems to enhance their responsiveness to trips or falls.","PeriodicalId":513714,"journal":{"name":"Biomechanics","volume":"21 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139534423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intra-Day and Inter-Day Reliability and Usefulness of Performance, Kinetic and Kinematic Variables during Drop Jumping in Hurling Players","authors":"Luke Atkins, Colin Coyle, Jeremy Moody, Rodrigo Ramírez-Campillo, Paul J. Byrne","doi":"10.3390/biomechanics4010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomechanics4010001","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to estimate the intra-day and inter-day reliability and usefulness of performance (Jump height (JH), ground contact time (GCT) and reactive strength index (RSI)), kinetic (force, power, eccentric rate of force development [E-RFD] and leg stiffness [LS]) and kinematic (velocity) variables during drop jumping (DJ) in hurling players. Seventeen (n = 17; mean ± SD; age = 23.35 ± 5.78 years, height = 178.35 ± 6.30 cm, body mass = 78.62 ± 8.06 kg) male club-level hurling players completed two maximal DJs from 0.20, 0.30, 0.40, 0.50 and 0.60 m drop heights on three testing days separated by 5–9 days of rest. Reliability was assessed using the coefficient of variation percentage (CV% ≤ 15%) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC > 0.70). For intra-day reliability, GCT (0.40 m, 0.50 m and 0.60 m), peak force (absolute and relative) (0.40 m and 0.50 m) and leg stiffness (0.40 m and 0.50 m) were found to be unreliable (ICC = 0.32–0.68 and CV% = 3.67–11.83%) from those specific drop heights. All other variables were found to be reliable (ICC = 0.72–0.98 and CV% = 1.07–14.02%) intra-day. All variables were found to be reliable (ICC = 0.72–0.96 and CV% = 2.57–14.68%) inter-day except for relative peak force and absolute and relative eccentric RFD (0.30 m and 0.40 m) (ICC = 0.68–0.90 and CV% = 7.76–16.47%). Practitioners have multiple reliable DJ performance, kinetic and kinematic variables for performance testing and training purposes.","PeriodicalId":513714,"journal":{"name":"Biomechanics","volume":"71 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139440688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}