Biomechanics最新文献_第2页

Correction: Kramer et al. A Simple, Efficient Method for an Automatic Adjustment of the Lumbar Curvature Alignment in an MBS Model of the Spine. Biomechanics 2023, 3, 166–180 更正：Kramer et al. A Simple, Efficient Method for an Automatic Adjustment of the Lumbar Curvature Alignment in an MBS Model of the Spine.生物力学 2023，3，166-180

Biomechanics Pub Date : 2024-05-17 DOI: 10.3390/biomechanics4020018

Ivanna Kramer, Sabine Bauer, Valentin Keppler

引用次数: 0

Females Present Different Single-Leg Squat Kinematics and Muscle Activation Strategies than Males Even after Hip Abductor Fatigue 即使在髋外展肌疲劳后，女性的单腿深蹲运动学和肌肉激活策略仍与男性不同

Biomechanics Pub Date : 2024-05-09 DOI: 10.3390/biomechanics4020017

Pablo Gaviraghi, Francesca Chaida Sonda, Michele Fernandes Frigotto, Talita Molinari, Luiza Pizarro Chaffe, José Luis Flor, Rodrigo Rabello, Rodrigo Rodrigues

{"title":"Females Present Different Single-Leg Squat Kinematics and Muscle Activation Strategies than Males Even after Hip Abductor Fatigue","authors":"Pablo Gaviraghi, Francesca Chaida Sonda, Michele Fernandes Frigotto, Talita Molinari, Luiza Pizarro Chaffe, José Luis Flor, Rodrigo Rabello, Rodrigo Rodrigues","doi":"10.3390/biomechanics4020017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomechanics4020017","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Despite the potential connection between hip and knee muscle control, there is limited research on the effects of hip abductor fatigue on the hip and knee neuromuscular responses in both males and females. This study aimed to investigate the influence of sex on the hip and knee frontal plane kinematics and the EMG responses of the hip abductors and knee extensor muscles during the single-leg squat before and after hip abductor fatigue. Methods: A total of 30 participants (males, n = 15; females, n = 15) performed single-leg squats before and immediately after a hip abductor fatigue protocol (10° hip abduction position while bearing a 20% load of their estimated 1RM until exhaustion). The frontal plane kinematics (hip adduction and knee frontal plane projection angle) and EMG parameters (amplitude and median frequency) of the gluteus medius (GMed), tensor fascia latae (TFL), vastus lateralis (VL) and vastus medialis (VM) were measured during the single-leg squat. Results: We did not find any effects of hip abductor fatigue or interaction between fatigue and sex on the evaluated parameters (p > 0.05). However, compared to males, females had greater values for the hip and knee frontal plane kinematics (p = 0.030), GMed EMG amplitude (+10.2%, p = 0.012) and median frequency (+10.3%; p = 0.042) and lower VL median frequency (−9.80%; p = 0.007). Conclusions: These findings establish sex-related differences in the kinematics and hip and knee EMG parameters during the single-leg squat, which were not influenced by the hip abductor fatigue protocol.","PeriodicalId":513714,"journal":{"name":"Biomechanics","volume":" 37","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140995954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Muscle Activation Frequency Relationship with Cost of Transport at Increasing Walking Speed in Preliminary Study Reveals Interplay of Both Active and Passive Dynamics 肌肉激活频率与步行速度增加时运输成本的关系初步研究揭示了主动和被动动力的相互作用

Biomechanics Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.3390/biomechanics4020016

Grace Van Namen, David Adair, Dean J Calsbeek, Rajat Emanuel Singh

{"title":"Muscle Activation Frequency Relationship with Cost of Transport at Increasing Walking Speed in Preliminary Study Reveals Interplay of Both Active and Passive Dynamics","authors":"Grace Van Namen, David Adair, Dean J Calsbeek, Rajat Emanuel Singh","doi":"10.3390/biomechanics4020016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomechanics4020016","url":null,"abstract":"Metabolic cost plays a critical role in gait biomechanics, particularly in rehabilitation. Several factors influence metabolic cost during walking. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the relationship between metabolic cost and muscle activity, focusing on the frequency of EMG signals during walking. We recruited nine participants (five male and four female, age range 20–48 years) who walked for four minutes at six different speeds (ranging from 1.8 to 5.9 mph). EMG data were collected from the dominant lower leg muscles, specifically the lateral gastrocnemius (GAS-L) and the anterior tibialis (AT). Oxygen respiration was measured using open-circuit spirometry. Energy expenditure was estimated as the cost of transport (COT). The EMG data were analyzed using frequency domain features, such as the area under the curve of power spectral density (PSD-AUC) and the maximal distance between two points before and after the peak of the power spectral density curve (MDPSD). The results indicated that PSD-AUC is a better measure than MDPSD for understanding the relationship between activation frequency and COT. PSD-AUC demonstrated an increasing curvilinear trend (R2 = 0.93 and 0.77, second order polynomial fit), but the AT displayed higher variability. MDPSD exhibited more nonlinearity (R2 = 0.17–28, second order polynomial fit), but MDPSD demonstrated statistically significant differences (p < 0.05, t-test independent) in frequency between the GAS-L (64–237 Hz) and AT (114–287 Hz) during slow walking. Additionally, the relationship between COT and PSD-AUC revealed a U-shaped curve, suggesting that high COT is a function of both active and passive dynamics during walking. These findings will be valuable in rehabilitating individuals who suffer from gait-related disorders, especially those related to muscle inefficiency.","PeriodicalId":513714,"journal":{"name":"Biomechanics","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141025334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Lower Extremity Joint Kinetics during Walk-to-Run and Run-to-Walk Transitions 从走到跑和从跑到走的过渡过程中的下肢关节动力学

Biomechanics Pub Date : 2024-04-23 DOI: 10.3390/biomechanics4020014

Li Jin, Michael E. Hahn

{"title":"Lower Extremity Joint Kinetics during Walk-to-Run and Run-to-Walk Transitions","authors":"Li Jin, Michael E. Hahn","doi":"10.3390/biomechanics4020014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomechanics4020014","url":null,"abstract":"Lower extremity joint kinetic factors are thought to modulate walk-to-run transition (WRT) and run-to-walk transition (RWT). This study aimed to investigate joint stiffness and energetic patterns during the WRT and RWT processes and identify whether gait transitions occur within a single step or not. Ten healthy subjects participated in treadmill WRT (1.8–2.4 m/s) and RWT (2.4–1.8 m/s) tests. We investigated two steps before transition (S–2, S–1), two steps after transition (S1, S2) and the transition step (S0). We found significant differences between S2 and S–2 for ankle joint stiffness during WRT and RWT (p < 0.001); for hip joint stiffness, we found significant differences between S1 and S–1 during WRT and RWT (p ≤ 0.001). Additionally, stance phase mechanical energy generation was observed to transfer from proximal to distal joints at S0 during WRT, and from distal to proximal at S0 during RWT. Transition step ankle kinematic and kinetic patterns were similar to the target locomotion task gait format in both WRT and RWT. Moreover, RWT required longer adaptation time compared with WRT. These findings indicate that WRT and RWT were modulated before and after the actual transitions, not within a single step. Redistribution of joint mechanical work generation was related to gait transition triggers, which modulate the WRT and RWT processes.","PeriodicalId":513714,"journal":{"name":"Biomechanics","volume":"27 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140672504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impact of Obesity on Foot Kinematics: Greater Arch Compression and Metatarsophalangeal Joint Dorsiflexion despite Similar Joint Coupling Ratios 肥胖对足部运动学的影响：尽管关节耦合率相似，但足弓压缩和跖趾关节外展更大

Biomechanics Pub Date : 2024-04-16 DOI: 10.3390/biomechanics4020013

Freddy Sichting, Alexandra Zenner, Lutz Mirow, Robert Luck, Lydia Globig, N. Nitzsche

{"title":"Impact of Obesity on Foot Kinematics: Greater Arch Compression and Metatarsophalangeal Joint Dorsiflexion despite Similar Joint Coupling Ratios","authors":"Freddy Sichting, Alexandra Zenner, Lutz Mirow, Robert Luck, Lydia Globig, N. Nitzsche","doi":"10.3390/biomechanics4020013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomechanics4020013","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the sagittal plane dynamics of the foot, particularly the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint and medial longitudinal arch (MLA) movements, in relation to obesity and foot health. The kinematics of the MTP and arch joints were measured in 17 individuals with class 2–3 obesity (BMI > 35 kg/m²) and 10 normal-weight individuals (BMI ≤ 24.9 kg/m²) using marker-based tracking. Analysis was conducted during heel lifting while seated and during walking at self-selected speeds. The results indicated that obese participants exhibited 20.92% greater MTP joint dorsiflexion at the end of the push-off phase and 19.84% greater MLA compression during the stance phase compared to normal-weight controls. However, no significant differences were found in the kinematic joint coupling ratio. While these findings reveal the different biomechanical behaviors of the MTP joint and MLA in obese compared to normal-weight individuals, it is important to interpret the implications of these differences with caution. This study identifies specific biomechanical variations that could be further explored to understand their potential impact on foot health in obese populations.","PeriodicalId":513714,"journal":{"name":"Biomechanics","volume":"11 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140697230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Wheelchair Badminton: A Narrative Review of Its Specificities 轮椅羽毛球：轮椅羽毛球：对其特殊性的叙述性回顾

Biomechanics Pub Date : 2024-04-02 DOI: 10.3390/biomechanics4020012

Ilona Alberca, Bruno Watier, F. Chénier, Florian Brassart, A. Faupin

{"title":"Wheelchair Badminton: A Narrative Review of Its Specificities","authors":"Ilona Alberca, Bruno Watier, F. Chénier, Florian Brassart, A. Faupin","doi":"10.3390/biomechanics4020012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomechanics4020012","url":null,"abstract":"This narrative review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the scientific literature on wheelchair badminton and its distinctive aspects, encompassing abilities and disabilities, propulsion technique, and the use of a racket. The relatively young history of wheelchair badminton is reflected in the scarcity of scientific studies within this domain, highlighting the need for further investigation. The review systematically covers existing articles on wheelchair badminton, offering a nearly exhaustive compilation of knowledge in this area. Findings suggest that athletes with abdominal capacities engage in more intense matches with a higher frequency of offensive shots compared to athletes with little or no abdominal capacities. Moreover, backward propulsion induces higher cardiorespiratory responses, overall intensity of effort, physiological stress, metabolic load, and rating of perceived exertion, particularly at high imposed rolling resistance or speeds, and makes it difficult to generate sufficient forces on the handrim, requiring adjustments in the kinematics of propulsion techniques, particularly at high rolling resistances or speeds, potentially leading to performance decrements. The use of a badminton racket further increases generated forces while decreasing the efficiency of propulsion and modifying the propulsion technique with shorter and quicker pushes, potentially impacting performance. Further research is imperative to explore additional perspectives, address existing gaps, and expand the scope of study within the wheelchair badminton domain. This narrative review serves as a foundation for future investigations, emphasizing the necessity of continued research to enhance our understanding of wheelchair badminton.","PeriodicalId":513714,"journal":{"name":"Biomechanics","volume":"78 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140752568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gait Biomechanical Parameters Related to Falls in the Elderly: A Systematic Review 与老年人跌倒有关的步态生物力学参数：系统回顾

Biomechanics Pub Date : 2024-03-05 DOI: 10.3390/biomechanics4010011

Jullyanne Silva, T. Atalaia, João Abrantes, P. Aleixo

{"title":"Gait Biomechanical Parameters Related to Falls in the Elderly: A Systematic Review","authors":"Jullyanne Silva, T. Atalaia, João Abrantes, P. Aleixo","doi":"10.3390/biomechanics4010011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomechanics4010011","url":null,"abstract":"According to the World Health Organization, one-third of elderly people aged 65 or over fall annually, and this number increases after 70. Several gait biomechanical parameters were associated with a history of falls. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review to identify and describe the gait biomechanical parameters related to falls in the elderly. MEDLINE Complete, Cochrane, Web of Science, and CINAHL Complete were searched for articles on 22 November 2023, using the following search sentence: (gait) AND (fall*) AND ((elder*) OR (old*) OR (senior*)) AND ((kinematic*) OR (kinetic*) OR (biomechanic*) OR (electromyogram*) OR (emg) OR (motion analysis*) OR (plantar pressure)). This search identified 13,988 studies. From these, 96 were selected. Gait speed, stride/step length, and double support phase are gait biomechanical parameters that differentiate fallers from non-fallers. Fallers also tended to exhibit higher variability in gait biomechanical parameters, namely the minimum foot/toe clearance variability. Although the studies were scarce, differences between fallers and non-fallers were found regarding lower limb muscular activity and joint biomechanics. Due to the scarce literature and contradictory results among studies, it is complex to draw clear conclusions for parameters related to postural stability. Minimum foot/toe clearance, step width, and knee kinematics did not differentiate fallers from non-fallers.","PeriodicalId":513714,"journal":{"name":"Biomechanics","volume":"7 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140264652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Influence of the Stick Grasping in Sprint and Change of Direction Performance in Elite Youth Rink Hockey Players 握杆对青少年冰球场曲棍球精英运动员冲刺和变向表现的影响

Biomechanics Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.3390/biomechanics4010009

Jordi Arboix-Alió, G. Trabal, B. Buscà, Dani Moreno-Galcerán, Bernat de Pablo, Hugo Sarmento, V. Vaz

{"title":"Influence of the Stick Grasping in Sprint and Change of Direction Performance in Elite Youth Rink Hockey Players","authors":"Jordi Arboix-Alió, G. Trabal, B. Buscà, Dani Moreno-Galcerán, Bernat de Pablo, Hugo Sarmento, V. Vaz","doi":"10.3390/biomechanics4010009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomechanics4010009","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to investigate the influence of stick grasping on the performance of elite youth rink hockey players in 10 m linear sprints and 180° change of direction (COD) tasks. Forty-nine rink hockey players (age = 18.40 ± 2.12 year; body mass = 73.52 ± 6.02 kg; height = 1.82 ± 0.07 m; BMI = 23.61 ± 1.69; sports experience = 6.42 ± 1.41 years; 4.89 ± 0.68 years’ post-peak height velocity) participated in this cross-sectional study. Measurements included 10 m sprint time and COD 180° performance with and without stick grasping. Results revealed non-significant differences when carrying a stick in the 10 m linear sprint (1.90 s ± 0.08 with stick vs. 1.89 s ± 0.08 without stick; p = 0.71; d = 0.05), neither did COD 180° for the left limb (2.75s ± 0.11 with stick vs. 2.76 s ± 0.11 without stick; p = 0.91; d = 0.02). However, for the right limb, significantly better performance in COD 180° was found when players held the stick (2.72 s ± 0.11 with stick vs. 2.75 s ± 0.09 without stick; p = 0.03; d = 0.32). These findings imply that the distinctive biomechanics and requirements of rink hockey, especially the lateral movements inherent in skating, might alleviate the negative impacts associated with implement grasping observed in other sports. This study highlights that stick grasping did not hinder COD ability and may even have a facilitating effect on certain movements, emphasizing the importance of considering sport-specific biomechanics in rink hockey performance analysis.","PeriodicalId":513714,"journal":{"name":"Biomechanics","volume":" 684","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140092351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Does Producing Scientific Articles Lead to Paralympic Podiums? 撰写科学论文是否能登上残奥会领奖台？

Biomechanics Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.3390/biomechanics4010008

Francine Pilon, François Prince

{"title":"Does Producing Scientific Articles Lead to Paralympic Podiums?","authors":"Francine Pilon, François Prince","doi":"10.3390/biomechanics4010008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomechanics4010008","url":null,"abstract":"The Olympic/Paralympic Games are world events that promote countries and their participants, and more particularly, those winning medals. The potential link between a country’s scientific productivity and its podium wins remains unknown for the Paralympic Games. This study aimed to (1) quantify the link between the production of Paralympic scientific articles and the medals won by countries during Summer/Winter Paralympic Games between 2012 and 2022, and (2) select the five most important articles published for all Paralympic sports. A bibliographic search of the Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases was conducted. From the 1351 articles identified, 525 fulfilled the inclusion/exclusion criteria. The results showed a greater (7x) production of scientific articles relating to the Summer Paralympics compared to those relating to the Winter Paralympics. For the Summer Paralympics, there was a strong correlation (r = 0.79) between the number of medals and the number of scientific articles produced by a given country, while a low correlation (r = 0.12) was observed for the Winter Paralympics. Biomechanics-related articles represent almost 50% of the overall Paralympic publications. In conclusion, there is a strong link between scientific productivity and the number of medals won for the 2012–2022 Paralympic Games. Parasport Federations are strongly encouraged to promote the publication of more Paralympic research articles.","PeriodicalId":513714,"journal":{"name":"Biomechanics","volume":"117 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140090656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Effect of Compression Garments on Biomechanical and Physiological Factors 压缩服对生物力学和生理因素的影响

Biomechanics Pub Date : 2024-02-23 DOI: 10.3390/biomechanics4010007

Andrew Craig-Jones, Daniel R. Greene, Jonathan J. Ruiz-Ramie, J. Navalta, John A. Mercer

{"title":"The Effect of Compression Garments on Biomechanical and Physiological Factors","authors":"Andrew Craig-Jones, Daniel R. Greene, Jonathan J. Ruiz-Ramie, J. Navalta, John A. Mercer","doi":"10.3390/biomechanics4010007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomechanics4010007","url":null,"abstract":"To the purpose of this study was to compare muscle oscillation, muscle activation time, and oxygen consumption while wearing compression pants vs. a control garment during running. Methods. Eleven injury-free and recreationally active participants (26.73 ± 12.74 years) were recruited for this study. Participants ran in full-leg compression pants (COMP) and a loose-fitting control garment (CON). Participants ran for 6 min at three submaximal speeds: preferred speed (PS), preferred speed minus 10% (PS − 10%), and preferred speed plus 10% (PS + 10%). The muscle activity of the leg was measured through electromyography (EMG). Muscle oscillation (MO) was measured with accelerometers attached to the thigh and shank. The rate of oxygen consumption (V.O2) and heart rate (HR) were recorded during each condition. MO was assessed over the 0–60 Hz range by averaging power across 10 Hz bins per leg segment. EMG data was processed to identify the activation time. Following each condition, a belief score was recorded. Dependent variables were each compared between conditions using 2 (garment) × 3 (speed) repeated measure ANOVAs (α = 0.05). The relationship between the belief score and dependent variables (compression-control) was analyzed using Pearson’s product-moment correlation (α = 0.05). Results. MO was lower with the full-leg compression pants vs. the control garment (p < 0.05). The muscle activation time for each muscle was shorter while wearing the full-leg compression pants (p < 0.05). Neither the V.O2, RPE, SF, nor the HR were influenced by the garments (p > 0.05). There was no significant correlation between changes in the dependent variables and belief. Conclusion. Wearing compression pants resulted in reduced MO and activation time; however, these changes did not translate into a reduction in V.O2.","PeriodicalId":513714,"journal":{"name":"Biomechanics","volume":"28 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140437122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0