The Open Neurology Journal最新文献

{"title":"The Relationship between Electroencephalography Recording Results and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Abnormalities and Drug Resistance Focal Epilepsy: A Comparative Analysis Study in Bandung, Indonesia","authors":"Taufan Prasetya, U. Gamayani, N. A. Risan","doi":"10.2174/011874205x303799240711071034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011874205x303799240711071034","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Drug-resistant Epilepsy (ERO) is a complex problem, both in diagnosis and management, and carries a high risk of death and risk of cognitive and behavioral problems. This study aims to determine the relationship between EEG recording results and structural abnormalities from MRI examination results in Drug-Resistant Epilepsy (DRE).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Quantitative comparative analysis was conducted to study focal epilepsy recorded in the pediatric neurology outpatient of Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, 2018-2023. Data collected from medical records included patient demographics and clinical data, EEG recording results, and MRI examination results. Data were subjected to Chi-square analysis with the alternative Fisher's exact test in SPSS 26. A p-value <0.05 was declared significant.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 From 67 samples, 34 DRE subjects and 33 drug-sensitive focal epilepsy (DSFO) subjects were obtained. More significant comorbidities were found in DRFO with a p-value of 0.027 and OR 8.88 (1.03-76.84). There was a significant difference in the results of EEG recordings in the two groups with p <0.001. The different EEG features were significant including slowing, polyspike, and frequency>1/60s. The MRI images were not found to be significantly different. The most common structural lesion found was focal cortical dysplasia in both groups. There was no correlation between MRI and EEG in DRE.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 EEG recordings' results were better than MRI images' for predicting DRFO, including images of slowing, polyspike, and frequency >1/60. Both EEG and MRI had their respective values for predicting DRE.\u0000","PeriodicalId":513493,"journal":{"name":"The Open Neurology Journal","volume":" 29","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141827210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and Linguistic Profiles and Challenges in Diagnosis of Primary Progressive Aphasia in Medan, Indonesia: A Hospital-based Study","authors":"F. Fitri, A. Rambe,  . Gustianingsih, Dwi Widayati","doi":"10.2174/011874205x305965240607112722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011874205x305965240607112722","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA) is a degenerative condition characterized by progressive loss of language function. Studies on PPA patients in Indonesia are still limited, and none has reported clinical and linguistic profiles of PPA patients who speak Bahasa Indonesia.\u0000 This study aimed to describe clinical and linguistic profiles and challenges in the diagnosis of PPA patients from referral hospitals in Medan, Indonesia.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of patients diagnosed with PPA based on the 2011 diagnostic criteria during the 2022-2023 period and described clinical characteristics data and linguistic profiles using descriptive analysis.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 We included 6 cases that fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for PPA. There were 3 cases categorized as nfvPPA, 1 case as svPPA, and 2 cases as lvPPA. There was female predominance (83.3%) and the mean age at onset was 59±2.96 years. The first symptom reported in the nfvPPA group was effortful, non-fluent speech; in svPPA, it was impaired naming and single word comprehension, while in lvPPA, it was impairment in word retrieval. Challenges in diagnosis included the availability of a standardized language tool aimed specifically for PPA in Bahasa Indonesia and the expertise needed to make such a diagnosis.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The main clinical features of the PPA reported were similar to previous findings with specific characteristics of Bahasa Indonesia. Determining language profiles of each variant of PPA in Bahasa Indonesia is crucial to establishing a correct diagnosis. Language assessment tool in Bahasa Indonesia is urgently needed to facilitate better assessment and management planning to improve quality of life.\u0000","PeriodicalId":513493,"journal":{"name":"The Open Neurology Journal","volume":"92 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141352593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spinal Osteoarticular Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis (MDR/RR-TB) in a Child: A Case Report","authors":"F. Ukunda, Mabua A Chuene","doi":"10.2174/011874205x267815240130072749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011874205x267815240130072749","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 We report a case of a young child with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR/RR-TB) of the thoracic spine, complicated by myelopathy.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Clinical assessment revealed a lower thoracic gibbus and neurological features of upper motor neuron syndrome conforming to myelopathy. Radiological evaluation revealed a marked kyphosis, contiguous T10-T11 vertebral destruction, paraspinal soft tissue collection, and intraspinal compression with cord signal changes, suggestive of spinal TB. Rapid molecular testing expedited the diagnosis of MDR/RR-TB and guided prompt treatment initiation. Although second-line drugs are the mainstay of treatment, surgery was undertaken due to marked kyphosis, spinal instability, and neurological complications in the growing spine.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Although the case seems interesting, it, unfortunately, highlights multiple health system failures in developing countries, resulting in premature termination of MDR/RR-TB treatment and loss of kyphosis correction with subsequent recurrence of the kyphotic deformity.\u0000","PeriodicalId":513493,"journal":{"name":"The Open Neurology Journal","volume":"63 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140983376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blood Viscosity and its Clinical Implications in Ischemic Stroke and Chronic Heart Failure: Insights from a Case Report","authors":"A. Rasyid, Julia Remi Chandra, S. Harris, Mohammad Kurniawan, R. Hidayat, Muhammad Yamin, Elvan Wiyarta","doi":"10.2174/011874205x300157240415073352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011874205x300157240415073352","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Blood viscosity has received increased attention as a potential predictor of ischemic stroke risk, particularly in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Despite the importance of this link, there has been a notable paucity of comprehensive research on the subject. Hence, the major goal of this study was to shed light on the potential importance of blood viscosity in individuals with ischemic stroke and CHF.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 An 85-year-old male was presented to the emergency department after three days of gradually decreasing consciousness. His medical history included hypertension and CHF. His Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) was determined to be E2M5V3, and he displayed evidence of upper motor neuron facial palsy as well as right hemiparesis. The clinical assessment scores, which included the NIHSS and mRS, were 10 and 4, respectively. MRI imaging confirmed the existence of several acute infarctions. Other diagnostic procedures, including an x-ray, revealed cardiomegaly and echocardiographic findings were compatible with grade I diastolic dysfunction. His blood viscosity was 8.19 cP, which was much higher than normal. The patient was diagnosed with ischemic stroke, CHF, and hyperviscosity based on these findings. Despite a small increase in blood viscosity to 8.16 cP after a six-day treatment session, the patient showed significant clinical improvement. Unfortunately, he was readmitted immediately after being discharged and died three days later.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This case demonstrates the importance of blood viscosity in the evaluation and prognosis of patients with ischemic stroke and CHF.\u0000","PeriodicalId":513493,"journal":{"name":"The Open Neurology Journal","volume":"69 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140983480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcome of Non-operative Treatment of Extension Fractures in Patients with Ankylosed Spines – A Case Series","authors":"David Yen","doi":"10.2174/011874205x284901231219073608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011874205x284901231219073608","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Surgical treatment is the mainstay of management in patients having fractures in fused spines. However, these patients also tend to be older and have comorbidities resulting in increased morbidity and mortality with operative management. Therefore, there has been more recent interest in the risks and benefits of nonoperative treatment in these patients.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Extension pattern fractures have an intact posterior element hinge resulting in lower risk of translation. Therefore, we wanted to determine the outcome of nonoperative treatment of extension pattern fractures in patients with fused spines.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 We conducted a retrospective review of all patients with fused spines having extension thoracolumbar fractures without neurologic deficit treated nonoperatively at a University Health Sciences Centre over an 8-year period.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 We had a complete set of data for 14 patients. There was a morbidity rate of 29% and a mortality rate of 14%. All of our patients had a significant positive change in their Cobb angle, indicating closure of the fracture gap without translation in either the sagittal or coronal planes. Remodelling of the fracture lines was found in all 14 patients and in 11 there were also bridging osteophytes across the fracture. No patients developed neurologic deficits.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 By demonstrating the successful healing of extension fractures treated nonoperatively with morbidity and mortality in keeping with that of reports of patients with fused spines managed operatively, we added support to conducting future randomized studies of operative versus nonoperative treatment in this patient population.\u0000","PeriodicalId":513493,"journal":{"name":"The Open Neurology Journal","volume":"23 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139810563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcome of Non-operative Treatment of Extension Fractures in Patients with Ankylosed Spines – A Case Series","authors":"David Yen","doi":"10.2174/011874205x284901231219073608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011874205x284901231219073608","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Surgical treatment is the mainstay of management in patients having fractures in fused spines. However, these patients also tend to be older and have comorbidities resulting in increased morbidity and mortality with operative management. Therefore, there has been more recent interest in the risks and benefits of nonoperative treatment in these patients.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Extension pattern fractures have an intact posterior element hinge resulting in lower risk of translation. Therefore, we wanted to determine the outcome of nonoperative treatment of extension pattern fractures in patients with fused spines.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 We conducted a retrospective review of all patients with fused spines having extension thoracolumbar fractures without neurologic deficit treated nonoperatively at a University Health Sciences Centre over an 8-year period.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 We had a complete set of data for 14 patients. There was a morbidity rate of 29% and a mortality rate of 14%. All of our patients had a significant positive change in their Cobb angle, indicating closure of the fracture gap without translation in either the sagittal or coronal planes. Remodelling of the fracture lines was found in all 14 patients and in 11 there were also bridging osteophytes across the fracture. No patients developed neurologic deficits.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 By demonstrating the successful healing of extension fractures treated nonoperatively with morbidity and mortality in keeping with that of reports of patients with fused spines managed operatively, we added support to conducting future randomized studies of operative versus nonoperative treatment in this patient population.\u0000","PeriodicalId":513493,"journal":{"name":"The Open Neurology Journal","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139870406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exacerbation of Mirror Movement Disorder: A Complex Case of Childhood-onset Mirror Movements Aggravated by Essential Tremors, and Parkinson's Disease","authors":"Sara Zarei, Farnoush Nasouri, Setareh Kamali, Shivani Patel, Rahma Jamil, Ayymen Y Amaar, Ahmed Mohamed, Rojeen Zarei, Sadiq Altamimi","doi":"10.2174/011874205x281071231227063030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011874205x281071231227063030","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Mirror movement (MM), also known as bimanual synkinesis, is characterized by simultaneous involuntary movements of homologous muscles accompanying voluntary movements of contralateral body regions. MM can be observed in various neurological conditions, including cerebral palsy, corticobasal syndrome, Parkinson's disease, certain types of symptomatic epilepsies, Creutzfeldt-Jakob's disease, Huntington's disease, and others.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A 52-year-old female with a history of epileptic seizures, essential tremors and mild MM was presented to a neurology clinic for seizure management. She had a long-standing history of seizures since childhood. Initial neurological examination revealed mild MM disorder. During the follow up visits, patient’s mirror movements were exacerbated months before she was diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease. Multiple antiepileptic drug regiments along with Carbidopa-levodopa were used and dose adjustments were done during follow up visits to help stabilize the patient’s symptoms.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In conclusion, this case highlights the progressive nature of mirror movement disorder (MMD) and its association with other neurological conditions, such as epilepsy, essential tremors, and Parkinson's disease. The primary aim of this study was to showcase that individuals with early childhood onset of MMD may experience a deterioration of their condition as they acquire additional neurological disorders, such as essential tremors or Parkinson's disease. Moreover, this study seeks to elucidate how the exacerbation of mirror movement symptoms in such cases can serve as an early indicator of the onset of Parkinson's disease. Medication adjustments played a crucial role in managing the patient's symptoms, emphasizing the importance of individualized treatment plans and close monitoring.\u0000","PeriodicalId":513493,"journal":{"name":"The Open Neurology Journal","volume":"19 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140512337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Vessels Shaping Mental Health or Illness.","authors":"Jugajyoti Baruah,&nbsp;Anju Vasudevan","doi":"10.2174/1874205X01913010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874205X01913010001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The mammalian brain receives the lion's share of the body's blood supply and is a highly vascularized organ. The vascular and nervous systems arise at two distinct time points of embryogenesis; however, their functions tend to overlap or complement each other in the growth promoting milieu of the embryonic Central Nervous System (CNS). The pre-existing idea that mental disorders are a direct result from defects solely in neuronal populations and networks is gradually changing. Several studies have implicated blood vessel pathologies and blood flow changes in mental health disorders. Our own studies provide new perspectives as to how intrinsic defects in periventricular endothelial cells, from the earliest developmental time points can lead to the origin of mental health disorders such as schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders (ASD), anxiety, and depression, thereby establishing direct links. In this article, we provide an overview of how the endothelial cell compartment in the brain is now gaining attention in the context of mental health disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":513493,"journal":{"name":"The Open Neurology Journal","volume":"13 ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6460472/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37315363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alzheimer´s Disease in the Perspective of Neuroimmunology.","authors":"Ricardo B Maccioni,&nbsp;Andrea González,&nbsp;Víctor Andrade,&nbsp;Nicole Cortés,&nbsp;José Pablo Tapia,&nbsp;Leonardo Guzmán-Martínez","doi":"10.2174/1874205X01812010050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874205X01812010050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a severe neurodegenerative disorder that includes the occurrence of behavioral disorders as well as memory and cognitive impairment as major symptoms. AD affects around 12% of the aged population in the world. Considerable research efforts have pointed to the role of innate immunity as the main culprit in the pathogenesis of AD. In this context, and according to with our neuroimmunomodulation theory, microglial activation modifies the cross-talks between microglia and neurons. We postulated that glial activation triggered by \"damage signals\" activates a pathological molecular cascade that finally leads to hyperphosphorylation and oligomerization of the tau protein. Interestingly, these modifications correlate with the gradual cognitive impairment of patients with the AD. Microglial activation is determined by the nature and strength of the stimulus. In the AD, a continuous activation state of microglia appears to generate neuronal injury and neurodegeneration, producing the outflow of pathological tau from the inner of neurons to the extraneuronal space. Released tau, together with the contribution of ApoE4 protein, would then produce reactivation of microglia, thus inducing a positive feedback that stimulates the vicious cycle in neurodegeneration.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Nevertheless, from the pathophysiological perspective AD is significantly more than a loss of memory. In the initial stages of AD pathogenesis, variations in the dopaminergic pathway along with serotonin diminution play an important role. This may explain why depression is associated with the onset of AD. All these pathophysiological events take place together with immunomodulatory changes that trigger tau oligomerization in the course of neurofibrillary tangles formation. Interestingly, mood disorders appear to be followed by neuroinflammatory processes and structural/functional alterations that lead to cognitive impairment in the context of AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":513493,"journal":{"name":"The Open Neurology Journal","volume":"12 ","pages":"50-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2174/1874205X01812010050","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36364625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Rationale for Monitoring Cognitive Function in Multiple Sclerosis: Practical Issues for Clinicians.","authors":"Christos Bakirtzis,&nbsp;Panagiotis Ioannidis,&nbsp;Lambros Messinis,&nbsp;Grigorios Nasios,&nbsp;Elina Konstantinopoulou,&nbsp;Panagiotis Papathanasopoulos,&nbsp;Nikolaos Grigoriadis","doi":"10.2174/1874205X01812010031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874205X01812010031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>About half of patients with multiple sclerosis exhibit cognitive impairment which negatively affects their quality of life. The assessment of cognitive function in routine clinical practice is still undervalued, although various tools have been proposed for this reason. In this article, we describe the potential benefits of implementing cognitive assessment tools in routine follow -ups of MS patients. Early detection of changes in cognitive performance may provide evidence of disease activity, could unmask depression or medication side-effects and provide suitable candidates for cognitive rehabilitation. Since apathy and cognitive deficiencies are common presenting symptoms in Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy, we discuss the utility of frequent monitoring of mental status in multiple sclerosis patients at increased risk. In addition, we propose a relevant algorithm aiming to incorporate a systematic evaluation of cognitive function in every day clinical practice in multiple sclerosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":513493,"journal":{"name":"The Open Neurology Journal","volume":"12 ","pages":"31-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2174/1874205X01812010031","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36311515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}