{"title":"Studying Travel Networks Using Establishment Covisit Networks in Online Review Data","authors":"Balázs Kovács","doi":"10.1177/23780231241228917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23780231241228917","url":null,"abstract":"Whenever someone posts an online review of a restaurant, museum, or barbershop, they also leave a trace of where they traveled. The author visualizes travel patterns in 11 North American metropolitan areas using geolocated review data. The data are based on approximately 7 million online Yelp.com reviews posted by 2 million reviewers between 2005 and 2020. First, the author demonstrates how individual travel patterns can be mapped using the review data and discusses the potential applications of such individual-level data. The author then turns to aggregate-level maps, creating establishment covisit networks in which two establishments are linked if multiple reviewers visit both. Maps of establishment covisits reveal various intriguing patterns related to consumption and geography, such as the connections between neighborhoods and the centralization and segregation within a metropolitan area. Establishment covisit maps can also inform researchers about the diffusion of ideas and practices, trends in crime, and gentrification.","PeriodicalId":513351,"journal":{"name":"Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World","volume":"140 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140521534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Diversity and Dynamics in Care Networks of Older Americans","authors":"Zhiyong Lin","doi":"10.1177/23780231231223906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23780231231223906","url":null,"abstract":"Despite growing interest in exploring caregiving alternatives beyond traditional models, limited research has focused on the diverse care networks that provide assistance to older adults. The aim of this study is to illuminate the complexity of older adults’ care networks by developing a typology that considers care from various sources. Using latent class analysis on longitudinal data from the National Health and Aging Trends Study, the authors identify five distinct care network types: spousal care, care exclusively from children, care from both children and other sources, self-care with assistive technology, and care exclusively from nonfamily sources. Further analysis, including multinomial logistic regression and latent transition analysis, reveals that when a spouse is available, older adults, particularly older men, are more likely to rely on spousal care. However, in cases in which spouses and/or children are unavailable, older adults are inclined to turn to diverse care networks involving nontraditional caregivers or resort to self-care using assistive technologies. Additionally, declining health conditions are associated with a higher likelihood of receiving care from more varied care networks. This underscores the evolving nature of care arrangements in response to changing family structures and health needs.","PeriodicalId":513351,"journal":{"name":"Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World","volume":"46 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139634752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"“They Need to Go in There”: Criminalized Subjectivity among Formerly Incarcerated Black Men","authors":"Lucius Couloute","doi":"10.1177/23780231231224630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23780231231224630","url":null,"abstract":"Black people are overrepresented in the American criminal justice system, yet policy-based criminal justice research has historically ignored the perspectives of criminalized Black people. Using interviews with 27 formerly incarcerated Black men, the author helps address this issue by exploring how carceral experiences produce “criminalized subjectivities.” In particular, when explicitly asked about what they would say to powerful state officials about their contact with the criminal justice system, the Black men in this study described a range of practices and policies they viewed as unfair and contradictory. Interviewees discussed: unequal judicial processes, inhumane prison conditions, postimprisonment barriers to reintegration, and the rigged nature of racialized mass criminalization. The author argues that, taken together, their responses constitute a critical perspective urging structural (rather than individual-level) change, rooted in experiences with invisibilization and criminalization.","PeriodicalId":513351,"journal":{"name":"Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World","volume":"23 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139631481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"We Got Our Guy!: Populist Attitudes after Populists Gain Power","authors":"Yuchen Luo","doi":"10.1177/23780231241234638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23780231241234638","url":null,"abstract":"Research on populist attitudes and populist leaders’ narratives has largely overlooked what happens to populist attitudes after a populist is elected, especially among the populist’s supporters. Existing literature points to two possible directions of change. On one hand, if populist attitudes stem from a perceived lack of representation, then we would expect people’s populist attitudes to decrease once their preferred candidate is in power. On the other hand, scholars have observed that populist politicians in power continue to deploy populist rhetoric, suggesting that their supporters’ populist attitudes should stay constant or even increase. In this project, the author focuses on Donald Trump and his supporters to explore this mechanism. Drawing on a national survey conducted around the 2016 and 2020 elections, the author shows that Trump’s supporters saw a significant decrease in populist attitudes after he came into power compared with both other American voters and other Republicans. The author also demonstrates that this decrease in populist attitudes is associated with changes in the level of “feeling represented.” On the basis of these findings, the author argues that populist attitudes are driven by feelings of lack of representation over other mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":513351,"journal":{"name":"Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World","volume":"6 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140518596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Francesca A. Marino, K. Westrick-Payne, Wendy D. Manning, Susan L. Brown
{"title":"Visualizing Concentrations of Couples and Same-Sex Couples across U.S. Counties","authors":"Francesca A. Marino, K. Westrick-Payne, Wendy D. Manning, Susan L. Brown","doi":"10.1177/23780231231222772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23780231231222772","url":null,"abstract":"The 2020 decennial census provides a unique opportunity to directly count same-sex couples using a revised household roster, and its recently released Demographic and Housing Characteristics File offers county-level data on the concentration of same-sex couples. As county-level data can unveil more nuanced geographic patterns than state-level data, the authors examine within-state variation using two maps of county-level quartiles to compare the percentages of individuals in unions among the population and same-sex unions among all unions. The findings reveal that concentrations of same-sex couples are not necessarily driven by the percentages of individuals in unions. These patterns suggest that the social location of same-sex couples is not determined solely by the area’s couple configuration but by other factors. To help illuminate these factors, future research should explore whether the counties with high shares of couples but low shares of same-sex couples are also areas where inclusivity tends to be lagging.","PeriodicalId":513351,"journal":{"name":"Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World","volume":"11 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139458160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gentrification and Neighborhood Housing Wealth: How Gentrification Reproduces the Racial Stratification of Urban Neighborhoods","authors":"Kevin Beck","doi":"10.1177/23780231241234645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23780231241234645","url":null,"abstract":"Few researchers have considered how gentrification affects inequalities of housing wealth between Black and White neighborhoods. Drawing on the U.S. census and the American Community Survey, I test the hypothesis that home values rise more slowly in gentrifying neighborhoods that are majority Black compared to those that are majority White. I find that home values appreciate more quickly in gentrifying neighborhoods that are majority Black, particularly those that are experiencing significant change in their racial-ethnic composition. The findings further suggest that Black gentrifying neighborhoods experiencing racial transition—a large increase in the proportion of White residents and a large decrease in the proportion of Black residents—experience higher rates of home value appreciation than those not experiencing racial transition. I argue that gentrification reproduces the racial stratification of urban neighborhoods because large increases to housing wealth tend to be coupled with the arrival of the White middle-class.","PeriodicalId":513351,"journal":{"name":"Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140525444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cleaning Up the Neighborhood: White Influx and Differential Requests for Services","authors":"Nima Dahir, Jackelyn Hwang, Ang Yu","doi":"10.1177/23780231231223436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23780231231223436","url":null,"abstract":"Visible signs of disorder serve as markers of difference across urban space. Sociological theory suggests that variation in collective social control efforts contributes to variation in physical disorder. However, how structural characteristics shape differences in informal social control remains underexplored because of limited data on disorder and social control. Using city service request data and a novel dataset drawing on Google Street View imagery and computer vision methods, the authors examine the neighborhood characteristics associated with propensities to request trash-related services across five large U.S. cities. The authors find that socioeconomically advantaged neighborhoods and those with fewer minority and foreign-born residents have higher propensities. However, an increase in White residents, but not necessarily an increase in high–socioeconomic status residents, is strongly associated with greater propensities. The authors argue that incoming White residents introduce unique dynamics of social control that are not necessarily collective, thereby affecting spatial inequality and power relations within their new neighborhoods.","PeriodicalId":513351,"journal":{"name":"Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140522327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Collision of Global Scripts with Local Constraints: Education as a Risk Factor for Unintended Pregnancy","authors":"E. Smith-Greenaway, Yingyi Lin, Sara Yeatman","doi":"10.1177/23780231241237677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23780231241237677","url":null,"abstract":"Extensive sociological research concludes that education informs people’s desires for their lives and plays an instrumental role in facilitating the fulfillment of those desires. In this article, we ask if societal barriers can leave the most educated to desire outcomes that are unattainable and thus paradoxically place them at highest risk of unwanted outcomes. We answer this question by analyzing societal variation in the potential for education to facilitate women achieving their lower fertility desires: Are there fertility contexts wherein educated women’s lower fertility desires are distinctly unattainable? Multilevel models analyzing Demographic and Health Survey Program data on women from 50 low- and middle-income countries emphasize the collision of global scripts with local constraints: In low contraceptive contexts, education is associated with higher risk of unintended pregnancy. The results clarify that the potential for education to facilitate the achievement of desires is fraught with contingencies.","PeriodicalId":513351,"journal":{"name":"Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World","volume":"24 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140522526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Framing Welfare Expansion: Citizenship, Collective Memory, and Fiscal Dilemmas in Mexico and Peru","authors":"Daniela Campos Ugaz","doi":"10.1177/23780231231222117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23780231231222117","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most significant innovations in welfare policies in the past three decades has been the adoption of conditional cash transfers in dozens of countries in the Global South. The policies are puzzling, as they deviate from contributory social policy that privileges formal workers and were implemented during democratization and Washington Consensus reforms. How did policy makers justify welfare expansion? The author conducts an analysis of the parliamentary debates that resulted in the implementation of these programs in Mexico (1997) and Peru (2005). By examining the policy makers’ reasoning behind these programs, the author aims to explore the relationship between new forms of social rights and citizenship. The findings show that state actors mobilized narratives of nation-building to justify the historical debt to specific segments of the population, shared an ambivalence regarding the meaning of cash transfers between entitlements or investments, and acknowledged the precarity of the funding scheme.","PeriodicalId":513351,"journal":{"name":"Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World","volume":"11 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139457462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Social Isolation in America? A 20-Year Snapshot","authors":"Adam R. Roth","doi":"10.1177/23780231241228445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23780231241228445","url":null,"abstract":"This visualization provides a snapshot of social isolation in America over a 20-year period. The author leverages data from the American Time Use Survey to estimate the percentage of Americans who report a complete lack of social contact during a single day. Contrary to prior claims, there was no clear evidence of increasing isolation during the 2000s and 2010s. There was, however, a marked increase in the percentage of Americans who were socially isolated during the coronavirus pandemic. Adopting a micro view of social isolation contributes to contemporary debates by highlighting social interactions rather than broad assessments of social integration such as social relationships or group participation. Although these latter concepts are important in their own ways, focusing on social interactions speaks to issues that are often considered synonymous with social integration such as the exchange of support, resources, and feelings of belongingness.","PeriodicalId":513351,"journal":{"name":"Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World","volume":"3 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140522651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}