Mmwr Recommendations and Reports最新文献

{"title":"CDC Recommendations for Hepatitis C Testing Among Perinatally Exposed Infants and Children - United States, 2023.","authors":"Lakshmi Panagiotakopoulos, Amy L Sandul, Erin E Conners, Monique A Foster, Noele P Nelson, Carolyn Wester","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.rr7204a1","DOIUrl":"10.15585/mmwr.rr7204a1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The elimination of hepatitis C is a national priority (https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/Viral-Hepatitis-National-Strategic-Plan-2021-2025.pdf). During 2010-2021, hepatitis C virus (HCV) acute and chronic infections (hereinafter referred to as HCV infections) increased in the United States, consequences of which include cirrhosis, liver cancer, and death. Rates of acute infections more than tripled among reproductive-aged persons during this time (from 0.8 to 2.5 per 100,000 population among persons aged 20-29 years and from 0.6 to 3.5 among persons aged 30-39 years). Because acute HCV infection can lead to chronic infection, this has resulted in increasing rates of HCV infections during pregnancy. Approximately 6%-7% of perinatally exposed (i.e., exposed during pregnancy or delivery) infants and children will acquire HCV infection. Curative direct-acting antiviral therapy is approved by the Food and Drug Administration for persons aged ≥3 years. However, many perinatally infected children are not tested or linked to care. In 2020, because of continued increases in HCV infections in the United States, CDC released universal screening recommendations for adults, which included recommendations for screening for pregnant persons during each pregnancy (Schillie S, Wester C, Osborne M, Wesolowski L, Ryerson AB. CDC recommendations for hepatitis C screening among adults-United States, 2020. MMWR Recomm Rep 2020;69[No. RR-2]:1-17). This report introduces four new CDC recommendations: 1) HCV testing of all perinatally exposed infants with a nucleic acid test (NAT) for detection of HCV RNA at age 2-6 months; 2) consultation with a health care provider with expertise in pediatric hepatitis C management for all infants and children with detectable HCV RNA; 3) perinatally exposed infants and children with an undetectable HCV RNA result at or after age 2 months do not require further follow-up unless clinically warranted; and 4) a NAT for HCV RNA is recommended for perinatally exposed infants and children aged 7-17 months who previously have not been tested, and a hepatitis C virus antibody (anti-HCV) test followed by a reflex NAT for HCV RNA (when anti-HCV is reactive) is recommended for perinatally exposed children aged ≥18 months who previously have not been tested. Proper identification of perinatally infected children, referral to care, and curative treatment are critical to achieving the goal of hepatitis C elimination.</p>","PeriodicalId":51328,"journal":{"name":"Mmwr Recommendations and Reports","volume":"72 4","pages":"1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":33.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10683764/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71428917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pneumococcal Vaccine for Adults Aged ≥19 Years: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, United States, 2023.","authors":"Miwako Kobayashi, Tamara Pilishvili, Jennifer L Farrar, Andrew J Leidner, Ryan Gierke, Namrata Prasad, Pedro Moro, Doug Campos-Outcalt, Rebecca L Morgan, Sarah S Long, Katherine A Poehling, Adam L Cohen","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.rr7203a1","DOIUrl":"10.15585/mmwr.rr7203a1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>This report compiles and summarizes all published recommendations from cdc’s advisory committee on immunization practices (acip) for use of pneumococcal vaccines in adults aged ≥19 years in the united states. this report also includes updated and new clinical guidance for implementation from cdc: </strong></p><p><strong>Before 2021, acip recommended 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (ppsv23) alone (up to 2 doses), or both a single dose of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (pcv13) in combination with 1–3 doses of ppsv23 in series (pcv13 followed by ppsv23), for use in u.s. adults depending on age and underlying risk for pneumococcal disease. in 2021, two new pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (pcvs), a 15-valent and a 20-valent pcv (pcv15 and pcv20), were licensed for use in u.s. adults aged ≥18 years by the food and drug administration: </strong></p><p><strong>Acip recommendations specify the use of either pcv20 alone or pcv15 in series with ppsv23 for all adults aged ≥65 years and for adults aged 19–64 years with certain underlying medical conditions or other risk factors who have not received a pcv or whose vaccination history is unknown. in addition, acip recommends use of either a single dose of pcv20 or ≥1 dose of ppsv23 for adults who have started their pneumococcal vaccine series with pcv13 but have not received all recommended ppsv23 doses. shared clinical decision-making is recommended regarding use of a supplemental pcv20 dose for adults aged ≥65 years who have completed their recommended vaccine series with both pcv13 and ppsv23: </strong></p><p><strong>Updated and new clinical guidance for implementation from cdc includes the recommendation for use of pcv15 or pcv20 for adults who have received ppsv23 but have not received any pcv dose. the report also includes clinical guidance for adults who have received 7-valent pcv (pcv7) only and adults who are hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients: </strong></p>","PeriodicalId":51328,"journal":{"name":"Mmwr Recommendations and Reports","volume":"72 3","pages":"1-39"},"PeriodicalIF":33.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10495181/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10275008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening and Testing for Hepatitis B Virus Infection: CDC Recommendations - United States, 2023.","authors":"Erin E Conners, Lakshmi Panagiotakopoulos, Megan G Hofmeister, Philip R Spradling, Liesl M Hagan, Aaron M Harris, Jessica S Rogers-Brown, Carolyn Wester, Noele P Nelson","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.rr7201a1","DOIUrl":"10.15585/mmwr.rr7201a1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection can lead to substantial morbidity and mortality. Although treatment is not considered curative, antiviral treatment, monitoring, and liver cancer surveillance can reduce morbidity and mortality. Effective vaccines to prevent hepatitis B are available. This report updates and expands CDC's previously published Recommendations for Identification and Public Health Management of Persons with Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection (MMWR Recomm Rep 2008;57[No. RR-8]) regarding screening for HBV infection in the United States. New recommendations include hepatitis B screening using three laboratory tests at least once during a lifetime for adults aged ≥18 years. The report also expands risk-based testing recommendations to include the following populations, activities, exposures, or conditions associated with increased risk for HBV infection: persons incarcerated or formerly incarcerated in a jail, prison, or other detention setting; persons with a history of sexually transmitted infections or multiple sex partners; and persons with a history of hepatitis C virus infection. In addition, to provide increased access to testing, anyone who requests HBV testing should receive it, regardless of disclosure of risk, because many persons might be reluctant to disclose stigmatizing risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":51328,"journal":{"name":"Mmwr Recommendations and Reports","volume":"72 1","pages":"1-25"},"PeriodicalIF":33.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9997714/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9512965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists/CDC Surveillance Case Definition for Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Infection - United States.","authors":"Michael Melgar,&nbsp;Ellen H Lee,&nbsp;Allison D Miller,&nbsp;Sarah Lim,&nbsp;Catherine M Brown,&nbsp;Anna R Yousaf,&nbsp;Laura D Zambrano,&nbsp;Ermias D Belay,&nbsp;Shana Godfred-Cato,&nbsp;Joseph Y Abrams,&nbsp;Matthew E Oster,&nbsp;Angela P Campbell","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.rr7104a1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.rr7104a1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Since may 14, 2020, cdc has conducted national surveillance for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (mis-c) associated with infection with sars-cov-2, the virus that causes covid-19, among persons aged <21>adddd<p></p><p><strong>This report summarizes the evidence and rationale supporting the components of the cste/cdc mis-c surveillance case definition and describes the methods used to develop the definition. these methods included convening mis-c clinical experts (i.e., consultants): </strong>regarding identification of MIS-C and its distinction from other pediatric conditions, a review of available literature comparing MIS-C phenotype with that of pediatric COVID-19 and other hyperinflammatory syndromes, and retrospective application of different criteria to data from MIS-C cases previously reported to CDC.</p><p><strong>The cste/cdc surveillance case definition for mis-c includes four important changes, in comparison with the 2020 cdc mis-c case definition. these changes are 1) no required duration of subjective or measured fever; 2) requirement of c-reactive protein ≥3.0 mg/dl to indicate systemic inflammation; 3) adjustments to criteria of organ system involvement to include addition of shock as a separate category and elimination of respiratory, neurologic, and renal criteria; and 4) new requirements on timing of positive sars-cov-2 laboratory testing relative to the mis-c illness. although mis-c is not a nationally notifiable condition and reporting is voluntary, cste and cdc recommend that all states and territories report all cases meeting confirmed, probable, or suspect criteria of the cste/cdc mis-c surveillance case definition beginning january 1, 2023, for cases with mis-c illness onset on or after that date: </strong></p>","PeriodicalId":51328,"journal":{"name":"Mmwr Recommendations and Reports","volume":"71 4","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":33.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9762894/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10831899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CDC Clinical Practice Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Pain - United States, 2022.","authors":"Deborah Dowell, Kathleen R Ragan, Christopher M Jones, Grant T Baldwin, Roger Chou","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.rr7103a1","DOIUrl":"10.15585/mmwr.rr7103a1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This guideline provides recommendations for clinicians providing pain care, including those prescribing opioids, for outpatients aged ≥18 years. It updates the CDC Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain - United States, 2016 (MMWR Recomm Rep 2016;65[No. RR-1]:1-49) and includes recommendations for managing acute (duration of <1 month), subacute (duration of 1-3 months), and chronic (duration of >3 months) pain. The recommendations do not apply to pain related to sickle cell disease or cancer or to patients receiving palliative or end-of-life care. The guideline addresses the following four areas: 1) determining whether or not to initiate opioids for pain, 2) selecting opioids and determining opioid dosages, 3) deciding duration of initial opioid prescription and conducting follow-up, and 4) assessing risk and addressing potential harms of opioid use. CDC developed the guideline using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) framework. Recommendations are based on systematic reviews of the scientific evidence and reflect considerations of benefits and harms, patient and clinician values and preferences, and resource allocation. CDC obtained input from the Board of Scientific Counselors of the National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (a federally chartered advisory committee), the public, and peer reviewers. CDC recommends that persons with pain receive appropriate pain treatment, with careful consideration of the benefits and risks of all treatment options in the context of the patient's circumstances. Recommendations should not be applied as inflexible standards of care across patient populations. This clinical practice guideline is intended to improve communication between clinicians and patients about the benefits and risks of pain treatments, including opioid therapy; improve the effectiveness and safety of pain treatment; mitigate pain; improve function and quality of life for patients with pain; and reduce risks associated with opioid pain therapy, including opioid use disorder, overdose, and death.</p>","PeriodicalId":51328,"journal":{"name":"Mmwr Recommendations and Reports","volume":"71 3","pages":"1-95"},"PeriodicalIF":33.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9639433/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10830977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cholera Vaccine: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, 2022.","authors":"Jennifer P Collins,&nbsp;Edward T Ryan,&nbsp;Karen K Wong,&nbsp;Matthew F Daley,&nbsp;Adam J Ratner,&nbsp;Grace D Appiah,&nbsp;Pablo J Sanchez,&nbsp;Bruce J Gutelius","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.rr7102a1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.rr7102a1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>THIS REPORT SUMMARIZES ALL RECOMMENDATIONS FROM CDC'S ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON IMMUNIZATION PRACTICES (ACIP) FOR THE USE OF LYOPHILIZED CVD 103-HGR VACCINE (CVD 103-HGR) (VAXCHORA, EMERGENT BIOSOLUTIONS, GAITHERSBURG, MD) IN THE UNITED STATES. THE LIVE ATTENUATED ORAL CHOLERA VACCINE IS DERIVED FROM: Vibrio cholerae O1 and is administered in a single dose. Cholera is a toxin-mediated bacterial gastrointestinal illness caused by toxigenic V. cholerae serogroup O1 or, uncommonly, O139. Up to 10% of infections manifest as severe cholera (i.e., cholera gravis), profuse watery diarrhea that can cause severe dehydration and death within hours. Fluid replacement therapy can reduce the fatality rate to <1%. Risk factors for cholera gravis include high dose exposure, blood group O, increased gastric pH (e.g., from antacid therapy), and partial gastrectomy. Cholera is rare in the United States, but cases occur among travelers to countries where cholera is endemic or epidemic and associated with unsafe water and inadequate sanitation. Travelers might be at increased risk for poor outcomes from cholera if they cannot readily access medical services or if they have a medical condition that would be worsened by dehydration, such as cardiovascular or kidney disease. This report describes previously published ACIP recommendations about use of CVD 103-HgR for adults aged 18-64 years and introduces a new recommendation for use in children and adolescents aged 2-17 years. ACIP recommends CVD 103-HgR, the only cholera vaccine licensed for use in the United States, for prevention of cholera among travelers aged 2-64 years to an area with active cholera transmission. Health care providers can use these guidelines to develop the pretravel consultation for persons traveling to areas with active cholera transmission.</p>","PeriodicalId":51328,"journal":{"name":"Mmwr Recommendations and Reports","volume":"71 2","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":33.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9536201/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40381956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevention and Control of Seasonal Influenza with Vaccines: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices - United States, 2022-23 Influenza Season.","authors":"Lisa A Grohskopf,&nbsp;Lenee H Blanton,&nbsp;Jill M Ferdinands,&nbsp;Jessie R Chung,&nbsp;Karen R Broder,&nbsp;H Keipp Talbot,&nbsp;Rebecca L Morgan,&nbsp;Alicia M Fry","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.rr7101a1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.rr7101a1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>THIS REPORT UPDATES THE 2021-22 RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON IMMUNIZATION PRACTICES (ACIP) CONCERNING THE USE OF SEASONAL INFLUENZA VACCINES IN THE UNITED STATES: (MMWR Recomm Rep 2021;70[No. RR-5]:1-24). Routine annual influenza vaccination is recommended for all persons aged ≥6 months who do not have contraindications. For each recipient, a licensed and age-appropriate vaccine should be used. With the exception of vaccination for adults aged ≥65 years, ACIP makes no preferential recommendation for a specific vaccine when more than one licensed, recommended, and age-appropriate vaccine is available. All seasonal influenza vaccines expected to be available in the United States for the 2022-23 season are quadrivalent, containing hemagglutinin (HA) derived from one influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus, one influenza A(H3N2) virus, one influenza B/Victoria lineage virus, and one influenza B/Yamagata lineage virus. Inactivated influenza vaccines (IIV4s), recombinant influenza vaccine (RIV4), and live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV4) are expected to be available. Trivalent influenza vaccines are no longer available, but data that involve these vaccines are included for reference. INFLUENZA VACCINES MIGHT BE AVAILABLE AS EARLY AS JULY OR AUGUST, BUT FOR MOST PERSONS WHO NEED ONLY 1 DOSE OF INFLUENZA VACCINE FOR THE SEASON, VACCINATION SHOULD IDEALLY BE OFFERED DURING SEPTEMBER OR OCTOBER. HOWEVER, VACCINATION SHOULD CONTINUE AFTER OCTOBER AND THROUGHOUT THE SEASON AS LONG AS INFLUENZA VIRUSES ARE CIRCULATING AND UNEXPIRED VACCINE IS AVAILABLE. FOR MOST ADULTS (PARTICULARLY ADULTS AGED ≥65 YEARS) AND FOR PREGNANT PERSONS IN THE FIRST OR SECOND TRIMESTER, VACCINATION DURING JULY AND AUGUST SHOULD BE AVOIDED UNLESS THERE IS CONCERN THAT VACCINATION LATER IN THE SEASON MIGHT NOT BE POSSIBLE. CERTAIN CHILDREN AGED 6 MONTHS THROUGH 8 YEARS NEED 2 DOSES; THESE CHILDREN SHOULD RECEIVE THE FIRST DOSE AS SOON AS POSSIBLE AFTER VACCINE IS AVAILABLE, INCLUDING DURING JULY AND AUGUST. VACCINATION DURING JULY AND AUGUST CAN BE CONSIDERED FOR CHILDREN OF ANY AGE WHO NEED ONLY 1 DOSE FOR THE SEASON AND FOR PREGNANT PERSONS WHO ARE IN THE THIRD TRIMESTER IF VACCINE IS AVAILABLE DURING THOSE MONTHS: UPDATES DESCRIBED IN THIS REPORT REFLECT DISCUSSIONS DURING PUBLIC MEETINGS OF ACIP THAT WERE HELD ON OCTOBER 20, 2021; JANUARY 12, 2022; FEBRUARY 23, 2022; AND JUNE 22, 2022. PRIMARY UPDATES TO THIS REPORT INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING THREE TOPICS: 1) THE COMPOSITION OF 2022-23 U.S. SEASONAL INFLUENZA VACCINES; 2) UPDATES TO THE DESCRIPTION OF INFLUENZA VACCINES EXPECTED TO BE AVAILABLE FOR THE 2022-23 SEASON, INCLUDING ONE INFLUENZA VACCINE LABELING CHANGE THAT OCCURRED AFTER THE PUBLICATION OF THE 2021-22 ACIP INFLUENZA RECOMMENDATIONS; AND 3) UPDATES TO THE RECOMMENDATIONS CONCERNING VACCINATION OF ADULTS AGED ≥65 YEARS. FIRST, THE COMPOSITION OF 2022-23 U.S. INFLUENZA VACCINES INCLUDES UPDATES TO THE INFLUENZA A(H3N2) AND INFLUENZA B/VICTORIA LINEAGE COMPONEN","PeriodicalId":51328,"journal":{"name":"Mmwr Recommendations and Reports","volume":"71 1","pages":"1-28"},"PeriodicalIF":33.7,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9429824/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40415765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dengue Vaccine: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, United States, 2021.","authors":"Gabriela Paz-Bailey,&nbsp;Laura Adams,&nbsp;Joshua M Wong,&nbsp;Katherine A Poehling,&nbsp;Wilbur H Chen,&nbsp;Veronica McNally,&nbsp;Robert L Atmar,&nbsp;Stephen H Waterman","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.rr7006a1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.rr7006a1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dengue is a vectorborne infectious disease caused by dengue viruses (DENVs), which are predominantly transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitos. Dengue is caused by four closely related viruses (DENV-1-4), and a person can be infected with each serotype for a total of four infections during their lifetime. Areas where dengue is endemic in the United States and its territories and freely associated states include Puerto Rico, American Samoa, the U.S. Virgin Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia, the Republic of Marshall Islands, and the Republic of Palau. This report summarizes the recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) for use of the Dengvaxia vaccine in the United States. The vaccine is a live-attenuated, chimeric tetravalent dengue vaccine built on a yellow fever 17D backbone. Dengvaxia is safe and effective in reducing dengue-related hospitalizations and severe dengue among persons who have had dengue infection in the past. Previous natural infection is important because Dengvaxia is associated with an increased risk for severe dengue in those who experience their first natural infection (i.e., primary infection) after vaccination. Dengvaxia was licensed by the Food and Drug Administration for use among children and adolescents aged 9-16 years (referred to in this report as children). ACIP recommends vaccination with Dengvaxia for children aged 9-16 having evidence of a previous dengue infection and living in areas where dengue is endemic. Evidence of previous dengue infection, such as detection of anti-DENV immunoglobulin G with a highly specific serodiagnostic test, will be required for eligible children before vaccination.</p>","PeriodicalId":51328,"journal":{"name":"Mmwr Recommendations and Reports","volume":"70 6","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":33.7,"publicationDate":"2021-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8694708/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39657877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevention and Control of Seasonal Influenza with Vaccines: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, United States, 2021-22 Influenza Season.","authors":"Lisa A Grohskopf, Elif Alyanak, Jill M Ferdinands, Karen R Broder, Lenee H Blanton, H Keipp Talbot, Alicia M Fry","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.rr7005a1","DOIUrl":"10.15585/mmwr.rr7005a1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This report updates the 2020-21 recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) regarding the use of seasonal influenza vaccines in the United States (MMWR Recomm Rep 2020;69[No. RR-8]). Routine annual influenza vaccination is recommended for all persons aged ≥6 months who do not have contraindications. For each recipient, a licensed and age-appropriate vaccine should be used. ACIP makes no preferential recommendation for a specific vaccine when more than one licensed, recommended, and age-appropriate vaccine is available. During the 2021-22 influenza season, the following types of vaccines are expected to be available: inactivated influenza vaccines (IIV4s), recombinant influenza vaccine (RIV4), and live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV4).The 2021-22 influenza season is expected to coincide with continued circulation of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. Influenza vaccination of persons aged ≥6 months to reduce prevalence of illness caused by influenza will reduce symptoms that might be confused with those of COVID-19. Prevention of and reduction in the severity of influenza illness and reduction of outpatient visits, hospitalizations, and intensive care unit admissions through influenza vaccination also could alleviate stress on the U.S. health care system. Guidance for vaccine planning during the pandemic is available at https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pandemic-guidance/index.html. Recommendations for the use of COVID-19 vaccines are available at https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/acip-recs/vacc-specific/covid-19.html, and additional clinical guidance is available at https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/covid-19/clinical-considerations/covid-19-vaccines-us.html.Updates described in this report reflect discussions during public meetings of ACIP that were held on October 28, 2020; February 25, 2021; and June 24, 2021. Primary updates to this report include the following six items. First, all seasonal influenza vaccines available in the United States for the 2021-22 season are expected to be quadrivalent. Second, the composition of 2021-22 U.S. influenza vaccines includes updates to the influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and influenza A(H3N2) components. U.S.-licensed influenza vaccines will contain hemagglutinin derived from an influenza A/Victoria/2570/2019 (H1N1)pdm09-like virus (for egg-based vaccines) or an influenza A/Wisconsin/588/2019 (H1N1)pdm09-like virus (for cell culture-based and recombinant vaccines), an influenza A/Cambodia/e0826360/2020 (H3N2)-like virus, an influenza B/Washington/02/2019 (Victoria lineage)-like virus, and an influenza B/Phuket/3073/2013 (Yamagata lineage)-like virus. Third, the approved age indication for the cell culture-based inactivated influenza vaccine, Flucelvax Quadrivalent (ccIIV4), has been expanded from ages ≥4 years to ages ≥2 years. Fourth, discussion of administration of influenza vaccines with other vaccines includes considerations for coadministration of influenza vaccines and CO","PeriodicalId":51328,"journal":{"name":"Mmwr Recommendations and Reports","volume":"70 5","pages":"1-28"},"PeriodicalIF":33.7,"publicationDate":"2021-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8407757/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39372429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021.","authors":"Kimberly A Workowski, Laura H Bachmann, Philip A Chan, Christine M Johnston, Christina A Muzny, Ina Park, Hilary Reno, Jonathan M Zenilman, Gail A Bolan","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.rr7004a1","DOIUrl":"10.15585/mmwr.rr7004a1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>These guidelines for the treatment of persons who have or are at risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) were updated by CDC after consultation with professionals knowledgeable in the field of STIs who met in Atlanta, Georgia, June 11-14, 2019. The information in this report updates the 2015 guidelines. These guidelines discuss 1) updated recommendations for treatment of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Trichomonas vaginalis; 2) addition of metronidazole to the recommended treatment regimen for pelvic inflammatory disease; 3) alternative treatment options for bacterial vaginosis; 4) management of Mycoplasma genitalium; 5) human papillomavirus vaccine recommendations and counseling messages; 6) expanded risk factors for syphilis testing among pregnant women; 7) one-time testing for hepatitis C infection; 8) evaluation of men who have sex with men after sexual assault; and 9) two-step testing for serologic diagnosis of genital herpes simplex virus. Physicians and other health care providers can use these guidelines to assist in prevention and treatment of STIs.</p>","PeriodicalId":51328,"journal":{"name":"Mmwr Recommendations and Reports","volume":"70 4","pages":"1-187"},"PeriodicalIF":33.7,"publicationDate":"2021-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8344968/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10388463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}