用疫苗预防和控制季节性流感:免疫实践咨询委员会的建议——美国，2022-23年流感季节。

IF 33.7 1区医学 Q1 Medicine

Mmwr Recommendations and Reports Pub Date : 2022-08-26 DOI:10.15585/mmwr.rr7101a1

Lisa A Grohskopf, Lenee H Blanton, Jill M Ferdinands, Jessie R Chung, Karen R Broder, H Keipp Talbot, Rebecca L Morgan, Alicia M Fry

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引用次数: 82

摘要

本报告更新了免疫实践咨询委员会(ACIP)关于在美国使用季节性流感疫苗的2021-22建议:MMWR建议Rep 2021;70[No. 1]。RR-5]: 24)。建议所有年龄≥6个月且无禁忌症的人每年常规接种流感疫苗。对于每个接受者，应使用许可的和适合年龄的疫苗。除了年龄≥65岁的成年人接种疫苗外，当有超过一种许可的、推荐的和适合年龄的疫苗可用时，ACIP不优先推荐特定疫苗。预计2022-23年在美国上市的所有季节性流感疫苗都是四价的，含有血凝素(HA)，这些血凝素来源于一种甲型H1N1流感病毒pdm09病毒、一种甲型流感病毒H3N2病毒、一种乙型流感/维多利亚病毒和一种乙型流感/山形病毒。预计将有灭活疫苗(IIV4s)、重组流感疫苗(RIV4)和减毒活疫苗(LAIV4)。三价流感疫苗已不再供应，但包括涉及这些疫苗的数据以供参考。流感疫苗最早可能在7月或8月提供，但对于大多数只需要一剂流感疫苗的人来说，最好在9月或10月接种疫苗。然而，只要流感病毒还在传播，并且有未过期的疫苗，疫苗接种应在10月之后和整个季节继续进行。对于大多数成年人(特别是年龄≥65岁的成年人)和妊娠早期或中期的孕妇，应避免在7月和8月接种疫苗，除非担心在该季节晚些时候可能无法接种疫苗。某些6个月至8岁的儿童需要两剂;这些儿童应在疫苗可用后尽快接种第一剂疫苗，包括在7月和8月。可考虑在7月和8月期间为任何年龄的儿童接种疫苗，这些儿童在该季节只需要一剂疫苗，如果在这几个月期间有疫苗，则可考虑为妊娠晚期的孕妇接种疫苗:本报告中描述的最新情况反映了2021年10月20日举行的疫苗接种计划公开会议上的讨论;2022年1月12日;2022年2月23日;2022年6月22日。本报告的主要更新内容包括以下三个主题:1)2022-23年美国季节性流感疫苗的成分;2)更新预计在2022-23年流感季节可获得的流感疫苗的描述，包括在2021-22年acip流感建议发布后发生的一次流感疫苗标签变更;3)更新≥65岁成人疫苗接种建议。首先，2022-23年美国流感疫苗的组成包括甲型流感(h3n2)和乙型流感/维多利亚流感谱系成分的更新。美国许可的流感疫苗将含有源自甲型流感/ victoria /2570/2019 (h1n1) pdm09样病毒(用于基于鸡蛋的疫苗)或甲型流感/ wisconsin /588/2019 (h1n1) pdm09样病毒(用于基于细胞培养或重组疫苗)的ha;流感a / darwin /9/2021 (h3n2)样病毒(用于蛋基疫苗)或流感a / darwin /6/2021 (h3n2)样病毒(用于细胞培养疫苗或重组疫苗);流感b / austria /1359417/2021(维多利亚谱系)样病毒;和流感b /普吉岛/3073/2013(山形谱系)样病毒。其次，2021年10月，基于细胞培养的灭活流感疫苗flucelvax四价(cciiv4)的批准年龄适应症从≥2岁更改为≥6个月。第三，对≥65岁成人的疫苗接种建议进行了修改。Acip建议年龄≥65岁的成年人优先接种以下任何一种高剂量或佐剂流感疫苗:四价高剂量灭活流感疫苗(hd-iiv4)、四价重组流感疫苗(riv4)或四价佐剂灭活流感疫苗(aiiv4)。如果这三种疫苗都没有机会接种疫苗，则应使用任何其他适合年龄的流感疫苗:本报告重点介绍了在美国2022-23年流感季节预防和控制季节性流感使用疫苗的建议。建议的简要摘要和包含额外信息的最新背景文件的链接可在:https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/acip-recs/vacc-specific/flu.html获得。这些建议适用于根据美国食品和药物管理局许可的适应症使用的美国许可的流感疫苗。最新情况和其他信息可从疾病预防控制中心的流感网站(https://www.cdc.gov/flu)获得。疫苗接种和卫生保健提供者应定期查看此网站以获取更多信息。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

Prevention and Control of Seasonal Influenza with Vaccines: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices - United States, 2022-23 Influenza Season.

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Prevention and Control of Seasonal Influenza with Vaccines: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices - United States, 2022-23 Influenza Season.

THIS REPORT UPDATES THE 2021-22 RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON IMMUNIZATION PRACTICES (ACIP) CONCERNING THE USE OF SEASONAL INFLUENZA VACCINES IN THE UNITED STATES: (MMWR Recomm Rep 2021;70[No. RR-5]:1-24). Routine annual influenza vaccination is recommended for all persons aged ≥6 months who do not have contraindications. For each recipient, a licensed and age-appropriate vaccine should be used. With the exception of vaccination for adults aged ≥65 years, ACIP makes no preferential recommendation for a specific vaccine when more than one licensed, recommended, and age-appropriate vaccine is available. All seasonal influenza vaccines expected to be available in the United States for the 2022-23 season are quadrivalent, containing hemagglutinin (HA) derived from one influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus, one influenza A(H3N2) virus, one influenza B/Victoria lineage virus, and one influenza B/Yamagata lineage virus. Inactivated influenza vaccines (IIV4s), recombinant influenza vaccine (RIV4), and live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV4) are expected to be available. Trivalent influenza vaccines are no longer available, but data that involve these vaccines are included for reference. INFLUENZA VACCINES MIGHT BE AVAILABLE AS EARLY AS JULY OR AUGUST, BUT FOR MOST PERSONS WHO NEED ONLY 1 DOSE OF INFLUENZA VACCINE FOR THE SEASON, VACCINATION SHOULD IDEALLY BE OFFERED DURING SEPTEMBER OR OCTOBER. HOWEVER, VACCINATION SHOULD CONTINUE AFTER OCTOBER AND THROUGHOUT THE SEASON AS LONG AS INFLUENZA VIRUSES ARE CIRCULATING AND UNEXPIRED VACCINE IS AVAILABLE. FOR MOST ADULTS (PARTICULARLY ADULTS AGED ≥65 YEARS) AND FOR PREGNANT PERSONS IN THE FIRST OR SECOND TRIMESTER, VACCINATION DURING JULY AND AUGUST SHOULD BE AVOIDED UNLESS THERE IS CONCERN THAT VACCINATION LATER IN THE SEASON MIGHT NOT BE POSSIBLE. CERTAIN CHILDREN AGED 6 MONTHS THROUGH 8 YEARS NEED 2 DOSES; THESE CHILDREN SHOULD RECEIVE THE FIRST DOSE AS SOON AS POSSIBLE AFTER VACCINE IS AVAILABLE, INCLUDING DURING JULY AND AUGUST. VACCINATION DURING JULY AND AUGUST CAN BE CONSIDERED FOR CHILDREN OF ANY AGE WHO NEED ONLY 1 DOSE FOR THE SEASON AND FOR PREGNANT PERSONS WHO ARE IN THE THIRD TRIMESTER IF VACCINE IS AVAILABLE DURING THOSE MONTHS: UPDATES DESCRIBED IN THIS REPORT REFLECT DISCUSSIONS DURING PUBLIC MEETINGS OF ACIP THAT WERE HELD ON OCTOBER 20, 2021; JANUARY 12, 2022; FEBRUARY 23, 2022; AND JUNE 22, 2022. PRIMARY UPDATES TO THIS REPORT INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING THREE TOPICS: 1) THE COMPOSITION OF 2022-23 U.S. SEASONAL INFLUENZA VACCINES; 2) UPDATES TO THE DESCRIPTION OF INFLUENZA VACCINES EXPECTED TO BE AVAILABLE FOR THE 2022-23 SEASON, INCLUDING ONE INFLUENZA VACCINE LABELING CHANGE THAT OCCURRED AFTER THE PUBLICATION OF THE 2021-22 ACIP INFLUENZA RECOMMENDATIONS; AND 3) UPDATES TO THE RECOMMENDATIONS CONCERNING VACCINATION OF ADULTS AGED ≥65 YEARS. FIRST, THE COMPOSITION OF 2022-23 U.S. INFLUENZA VACCINES INCLUDES UPDATES TO THE INFLUENZA A(H3N2) AND INFLUENZA B/VICTORIA LINEAGE COMPONENTS. U.S.-LICENSED INFLUENZA VACCINES WILL CONTAIN HA DERIVED FROM AN INFLUENZA A/VICTORIA/2570/2019 (H1N1)PDM09-LIKE VIRUS (FOR EGG-BASED VACCINES) OR AN INFLUENZA A/WISCONSIN/588/2019 (H1N1)PDM09-LIKE VIRUS (FOR CELL CULTURE-BASED OR RECOMBINANT VACCINES); AN INFLUENZA A/DARWIN/9/2021 (H3N2)-LIKE VIRUS (FOR EGG-BASED VACCINES) OR AN INFLUENZA A/DARWIN/6/2021 (H3N2)-LIKE VIRUS (FOR CELL CULTURE-BASED OR RECOMBINANT VACCINES); AN INFLUENZA B/AUSTRIA/1359417/2021 (VICTORIA LINEAGE)-LIKE VIRUS; AND AN INFLUENZA B/PHUKET/3073/2013 (YAMAGATA LINEAGE)-LIKE VIRUS. SECOND, THE APPROVED AGE INDICATION FOR THE CELL CULTURE-BASED INACTIVATED INFLUENZA VACCINE, FLUCELVAX QUADRIVALENT (CCIIV4), WAS CHANGED IN OCTOBER 2021 FROM ≥2 YEARS TO ≥6 MONTHS. THIRD, RECOMMENDATIONS FOR VACCINATION OF ADULTS AGED ≥65 YEARS HAVE BEEN MODIFIED. ACIP RECOMMENDS THAT ADULTS AGED ≥65 YEARS PREFERENTIALLY RECEIVE ANY ONE OF THE FOLLOWING HIGHER DOSE OR ADJUVANTED INFLUENZA VACCINES: QUADRIVALENT HIGH-DOSE INACTIVATED INFLUENZA VACCINE (HD-IIV4), QUADRIVALENT RECOMBINANT INFLUENZA VACCINE (RIV4), OR QUADRIVALENT ADJUVANTED INACTIVATED INFLUENZA VACCINE (AIIV4). IF NONE OF THESE THREE VACCINES IS AVAILABLE AT AN OPPORTUNITY FOR VACCINE ADMINISTRATION, THEN ANY OTHER AGE-APPROPRIATE INFLUENZA VACCINE SHOULD BE USED: THIS REPORT FOCUSES ON RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE USE OF VACCINES FOR THE PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF SEASONAL INFLUENZA DURING THE 2022-23 INFLUENZA SEASON IN THE UNITED STATES. A BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE RECOMMENDATIONS AND A LINK TO THE MOST RECENT BACKGROUND DOCUMENT CONTAINING ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ARE AVAILABLE AT: https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/acip-recs/vacc-specific/flu.html. These recommendations apply to U.S.-licensed influenza vaccines used according to Food and Drug Administration-licensed indications. Updates and other information are available from CDC's influenza website (https://www.cdc.gov/flu). Vaccination and health care providers should check this site periodically for additional information.

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来源期刊

Mmwr Recommendations and Reports PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH-

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36.00

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0.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： The MMWR series of publications is published by the Office of Science, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), U.S. The MMWR Recommendations and Reports contain in-depth articles that relay policy statements for prevention and treatment in all areas in the CDC’s scope of responsibility (e.g., recommendations from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices).