BioMedicine最新文献

{"title":"An insight into immunohistochemical profile of triple negative breast carcinoma in a tertiary care center","authors":"Lauvanya M., G. Bhuvana, K. Swaminathan, M. Subarathi","doi":"10.51248/.v44i1.4156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v44i1.4156","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) is a type of breast cancer that fails to express Estrogen Receptor (ER), Progesterone Receptor (PR) and Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) in Immunohistochemical analysis. TNBC has a unique molecular profile, aggressive nature and lack of efficient targeted therapies. The aim of the study was to evaluate the expression of basal markers like Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) and Cytokeratin 5/6 (CK 5/6) and to correlate their expression with the clinico-pathological parameters, thus enabling the identification of the aggressive basal like phenotype of TNBC in resource-constrained settings.\u0000 \u0000Methodology: The study was conducted at a South Indian tertiary care centre for 2 years. Data such as age of presentation, tumour measurements, margins and necrosis, numbers, levels and sizes of lymph nodes were collected. Data on histological type and grade, in situ component, lymphovascular and perineural invasion, stromal reaction and lymph node status were recorded. Primary Immunohistochemical studies were performed for the markers ER,PR and HER2.Patients with negative expression for all the three markers were identified. IHC studies for EGFR and Cytokeratin 5/6(CK5/6) were done on tissue blocks and the expression of these two markers were equated with the clinico-pathological parameters.\u0000 \u0000Results: Among the 94 cases, 44 cases (46.8%) expressed CK5/6 and 46 (48.9%) expressed EGFR. A plausible association was noted between the expression of the two markers with age of the patient, tumour size, histological grade and tumour necrosis.\u0000 \u0000Conclusion: Combination of the time honoured gross and histopathological examinations along with the application of basal markers like CK 5/6 and EGFR, helps in identifying the basal-like phenotype with dismal clinical outcome among the triple-negative breast cancers in resource-constrained settings. An insight into such an aggressive tumour, provided by these markers may be critical in designing personalized treatment strategies for such patients.","PeriodicalId":512726,"journal":{"name":"BioMedicine","volume":" 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140382233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of anxiety among patients with a total knee replacement","authors":"Bhavya Sharma, Vignesh Srinivasan, P. Suganthirababu, K. A, Jagatheesan Aladesan","doi":"10.51248/.v44i1.4150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v44i1.4150","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: Knee pain mainly attributed to osteoarthritis in the elderly, significantly impacts daily life. Non-surgical options include analgesics and physical therapy, but Total Knee Replacement (TKR) is most effective for severe cases. While complications are generally minimal, infections and psychological distress may arise. Studies indicate improved mental well-being post-TKR due to pain relief. The aim is to determine the prevalence of anxiety among patients with Total Knee Replacement. \u0000  \u0000Methods and Materials: 100 participants, aged 45-84, comprising both genders, were selected through convenient sampling. Informed consent was obtained, and assessments were conducted using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) over 8 weeks at SMCH. The researcher collected sociodemographic details, including name, age, height, weight, and comorbidities. The HAM-A, consisting of 14 items graded from 0 to 4, measured anxiety levels. Total scores ranged from 0-56, indicating mild to severe anxiety. The study aimed to understand anxiety prevalence among TKR patients, employing a comprehensive approach to gather and analyze data within a specified time. \u0000  \u0000Results: The statistical analysis revealed among 100 patients with a total knee replacement, between the age of 45-84 years, the prevalence of anxiety is widespread. \u0000  \u0000Conclusion: Post total knee replacement, widespread anxiety necessitates coordinated intervention from surgeons, physical therapists, and psychotherapists within hospital management to effectively address associated complications.","PeriodicalId":512726,"journal":{"name":"BioMedicine","volume":" 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140382396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thymoquinone: A novel treatment option for triple negative breast cancer","authors":"Vani Mamillapalli, Vinuthna Rallapalli, Zyba Mohammed, Dharani Motukuru, Srg Sowgandhika Kosuri, Padmalatha Kantamaneni","doi":"10.51248/.v44i1.4155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v44i1.4155","url":null,"abstract":"The most common treatment modes of cancer include chemotherapies along with other modes of treatment. But often resistance is developed and gruels towards the discovery of new modes of treatment for cancer. Natural products are used for ages in the treatment. One such component is thymoquinone (TQ). It has been extensively studied against cancer, especially in treating breast cancer. The review article updates its status on research against breast cancer and triple negative breast cancer. The paper describes various breast cancer (BC) treatment options in combination with TQ or alone such as heat shock 70-kDa protein 6 (HSPA6) situated on human chromosome in inhibition of BC growth, MMP-9 and MMP-2 as biomarkers in BC, use of cancer stem cells in vascular formation in solid tumor by VM (vascular mimicry) via MMP-2 and MT1-MMP genes upregulation, use of exosomes  extracted from adipocyte-derived mesenchymal stem cells, cancer immunotherapy or immuno-oncology where natural killer lymphocyte cells are used to enhance innate immune response against tumors and pathogens, use of (TRAIL) tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand agonists, drugs with synergistic activity, identifying targeted genes IL17RD, and diet having natural molecules that can act potentially against cancer. The article also updates on research associated with TQ in overcoming hindrances related to its poor bioavailability making it an effective clinically acting drug molecule. Recent research indicates that TQ can be a successful candidate to eradicate cancer through its clinical interventions followed by drug design studies.","PeriodicalId":512726,"journal":{"name":"BioMedicine","volume":" 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140384091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of ginger extract on expression of Gli1 and Patched-1 genes involved in breast cancer signaling pathway under in vitro condition","authors":"Seyedeh Mahsa Torabi, Mahdi Rahaie, Asa Ebrahimi","doi":"10.51248/.v44i1.4152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v44i1.4152","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: Breast cancer ranks among the leading causes of death in women worldwide. Ginger has shown potential efficacy against certain cancer types, surpassing conventional therapies such as chemotherapy and radiation. However, its molecular mechanisms remain less understood.\u0000 \u0000Materials and Methods: In this study, MCF-7 cancer cells were cultured and treated with various concentrations of aqueous ginger extract (20, 30, 45, 65 microgram/mL) for 12, 48, and 72 hours. The effects were assessed through gene expression analysis and cell vitality assays (MTT).\u0000 \u0000Results: The cell vitality test revealed a direct correlation between cytotoxicity and extract concentration. Concentrations exceeding 30 microgram/mL exhibited significant cell death (IC50 of 104.03 microgram/mL). Gene expression analysis demonstrated an increase in Patched-1 and a decrease in Gli1 expression with rising extract concentrations. The maximum Patched-1 expression occurred at 65 microgram/mL after 72 hours. Patched-1 (oncogene) and Gli1 (tumor suppressor) are pivotal genes in the hedgehog (Hh) signalling pathway associated with breast cancer.\u0000 \u0000Conclusion: It appears that ginger compounds play a substantial role in regulating cancer progression by influencing key components of the hedgehog signalling pathway.","PeriodicalId":512726,"journal":{"name":"BioMedicine","volume":" 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140383941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of overburden due COVID-19 pandemic on psychological health and work efficacy of doctors in Mangalore city, Dakshina Kannada district -A cross-sectional study","authors":"Carol Furtado, Nitin Joseph, Sushantha Perduru, M. Nelliyanil, Manjula Anil, Shreenidhi Shetty","doi":"10.51248/.v44i1.4153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v44i1.4153","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: One of the greatest pandemics faced by the world was COVID-19 which has added increased strain and psychological impacts on healthcare workers. This study was conducted to find out the impact of overburden due to COVID-19 on the psychological health of doctors and further to know whether it has affected the services provided by them.\u0000 \u0000Materials and Methods: An information sheet which contained the details regarding purpose and nature of the study, questionnaire and consent form were given to each participant. Data was collected through email, WhatsApp, and physical forms. Depression, anxiety, stress, self-efficacy, and perceived social support were assessed using standard questionnaires.\u0000 \u0000Results: Out of the 205 participants, 9 (4%) had a mild depression, 6(3%) had mild anxiety and 6(3%) had mild stress. Female doctors, those involved in fever clinics and inpatient care of COVID patients had significantly higher scores for depression, anxiety and stress when compared to others. Those involved in ICU care of COVID patients had higher General Self Efficacy (GSE) scores. General Self Efficacy (GSE) and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) scores showed a positive correlation.\u0000 \u0000Conclusion: Doctors involved in care of COVID-19 patients at fever clinic and inpatient care had several mental health problems. Hence, they along with female doctors need to be periodically screened for these conditions periodically.","PeriodicalId":512726,"journal":{"name":"BioMedicine","volume":"112 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140381347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytopathological study of pleural effusion in SARS-CoV2 RTPCR positive subjects during pandemic at tertiary care hospital","authors":"Sonali T. Advani, Anita P. Javalgi, Vishwanath G. Shettar","doi":"10.51248/.v44i1.3511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v44i1.3511","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: Respiratory system is the most common system affected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2).Review of literature reveals that pleural effusion were seen in one third of cases with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome(MERS) but were rarely reported in SARS –CoV2.This study aims to study the cytomorphological changes in Pleural effusion seen in SARS CoV-2 positive cases, to correlate the cytological findings with radiological CT COVID-19 Reporting and Data System(CORADS)scorings and to categorize pleural effusion as isolated cause of SARS CoV-2 or aggravation of underlying other etiologies.\u0000 \u0000Materials and Methods: Pleural fluid samples of SARS CoV-2 RT PCR positive cases, obtained from patients of all age groups were included in the study. The samples were predominantly from Covid19 wave 1 (March 2020- February 2021) and few from Covid wave 2(March 2021-April 2021). Biochemical analysis, hematological parameters, cytomorphology and associated comorbidity was recorded, and analysis done.\u0000 \u0000Results: Male predominance was observed. Most common cytological and biochemical finding in pleural fluid analysis was Exudative pleural effusion. Predominant cytological features showed lymphocytic effusion. Radiology showed maximum left sided pleural effusion (42%). CORADS score was 6 in majority of cases and effusion as an isolated cause was seen in few cases.\u0000 \u0000Conclusion: Pleural effusion is a rare finding in SARS COV-2 induced bronchopneumonia. Effusion is seen with a high CORADS score, and they carry a high risk of mortality. This study suggests having SARS CoV-2 infection as a differential diagnostic entity when we find the mentioned morphological and biochemical findings as discussed in the present study.","PeriodicalId":512726,"journal":{"name":"BioMedicine","volume":"117 49","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140381102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tissue-free non-invasive diagnostic methodology for brain tumour: Present scenario and future direction","authors":"Anirban Ghosh, Shubhamitra Chaudhuri","doi":"10.51248/.v44i1.4045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v44i1.4045","url":null,"abstract":"Intracranial neoplasia is characterized by their various forms and functions including gliomas which are hard to detect properly, monitor and treat in any therapeutic regime. Present day MRI based techniques act efficiently to detect and acquire the spatial information but fall apart to gather sufficient biological attributes of the lesion to monitor and treat accordingly. In contrast, invasive biopsy is difficult within the cranium and poses a serious threat to lead metastasis. Therefore, a prominent parallel initiative has been undertaken throughout the global community to find out potential diagnostic protocols to diagnose and monitor brain tumour in a non-invasive way. Like other cancers, liquid biopsy by obtaining cellular and molecular components from the brain tumour, either from fluid-filled CNS ventricles or CSF, or leaching out into the peripheral biofluids are under constant scrutiny for finding out different molecular signatures of neoplastic growth applying innovative biomedical methodologies and instrumentations. At the same time, a new domain of research applying computer aided methods of image analysis has opened up to assist the process more potently. In this short review, we tried to show the glimpses of these newer areas and approaches of brain tumour diagnosis which may revolutionize the future of brain tumour diagnosis. Also, we hint at some potential routes to acquire biomolecular information on the brain and how higher order integration of data processing from biological and radiological fronts may be the future of these diagnostics.","PeriodicalId":512726,"journal":{"name":"BioMedicine","volume":" 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140384164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alteration in the gastric microbiota of Erosive Reflux Disease and Non-erosive Reflux Disease patients: An indicator for disease progression","authors":"Aditya Vikram Singh, Prateek Sharma, Kunal Das, Yogendra Bhaskar, Isha Goel, Harpreet Singh, Rajashree Das","doi":"10.51248/.v44i1.4154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v44i1.4154","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: Erosive reflux disease (ERD) and Non-erosive reflux disease (NERD) are common gastrointestinal (GI) diseases in primary healthcare facilities that might result in alterations in gastric microflora. The aim was to characterize the altered composition of the gastric microflora in both groups and their effects on normal metabolic pathways.\u0000 \u0000Materials and Methods: A total of 27 individuals, consisting of 18 patients of ERD, 4 patients of NERD, and 5 controls based on the questionnaire data and clinical diagnosis. The gastric microbiome was sequenced using 16S rRNA next-generation sequencing. Gastric microbial diversity and compositions were analyzed using MicrobiomeAnalyst. Functional analysis was performed using PICRUST.\u0000 \u0000Results: Dysbiosis was observed in both ERD and NERD groups when compared to the control. Alpha diversity was found to be significant at the ACE index, at the order (p = 0.0239) and class (p = 0.019) taxonomic levels. The gastric microbiome composition at the genus level of the study groups represented a significant decrease of Gram-positive bacterial genera such as Streptococcus, Corynebacterium, and Granulicatella along with an increase of Gram-negative genera such as Helicobacter and Veillonella. Significant alterations in the metabolic pathways due to this dysbiosis were also predicted for both groups.\u0000 \u0000Conclusion: The alterations in the gastric microflora are caused by both ERD and NERD, these alterations are further associated with a shift in microbial consortia towards the abundance of gram-negative bacterial genera that might lead to the progression of GI diseases to a chronic state.","PeriodicalId":512726,"journal":{"name":"BioMedicine","volume":" 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140384032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relation of catecholamines with oxidative stress in patients undergoing cardiac surgery before and after endotracheal intubation","authors":"Sah R.K., More K.M., Sathe V.","doi":"10.51248/.v44i1.2145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v44i1.2145","url":null,"abstract":"Inroduction \u0000Endotracheal intubation is used to maintain the airway open so that oxygen, medicine, or anesthesia can be administered. Anesthesia and surgery boost the release of cross-regulating hormones through physiological responses and psychological stress. There is a strong link between psychological stress and oxidative stress, according to research. \u0000Objective: - The goal of this study was to determine the levels of catecholamines (adrenaline and noradrenaline) and oxidative stress before and after endotracheal intubation in patients undergoing cardiac surgery and to study association between them. \u0000Material & Methods: - Total 30 patients undergoing cardiac surgery were enrolled. Blood samples were collected before and after endotracheal intubation. Plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline levels were estimated by ELISA. MDA & SOD were estimated by spectrophotometric method. \u0000Results: - Mean levels of plasma adrenaline (p< 0.01), noradrenaline (p< 0.0001) and Serum MDA (p< 0.0001) were significantly decreased while Serum SOD were significantly increased (p< 0.0001) after endotracheal intubation as compared to before endotracheal intubation by laryngoscopy in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. We found significant positive correlation of MDA with adrenaline and nor-adrenaline before and after intubation. SOD activity was negatively correlated with MDA, adrenaline and noradrenaline before and after intubation \u0000Conclusion: Elevated levels of adrenaline, noradrenaline, MDA, and lower levels of SOD show that patients are stressed prior to endotracheal intubation, resulting in a stronger stress response and increased oxidative stress. After intubation, the levels of adrenaline and noradrenaline reduced, indicating a reduction of stress. Our study also shows a link between psychological and oxidative stress. For a better outcome and to avoid subsequent complications, it is preferable to evaluate stress levels and oxidative stress in patients undergoing cardiac surgery before and after endotracheal intubation.","PeriodicalId":512726,"journal":{"name":"BioMedicine","volume":" 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140391203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant based meat products: A sustainable, promising alternative to conventional red meat","authors":"Shashi Bala Singh, Ravishankar Patil, Viraj Kiran Jadhav","doi":"10.51248/.v44i1.4136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v44i1.4136","url":null,"abstract":"The demand of the red meat is continuously increasing leading to biodiversity damage and pollution. To overcome this, plant-based meat offers a promising option due to its organoleptic qualities that resembles closely to those of an animal-based meat product. There are a variety of plant protein sources that can be used as an alternative to meat products. Plant-based diets are affordable and have several health benefits like it regulates blood pressure, diabetes, cardiovascular disease risk and lower mortality. The popularity of plant-based meat substitutes has increased because of their credibility as functional and healthy alternatives. In addition to providing a similar nutritional value, the creation of animal meat analogues is focused on altering the physical features of meat products to increase the sustainability of these products through appropriate sensory attributes. The composition of meat alternatives is influenced by the dosage and functioning of plant proteins. It is proven that meat alternatives contain 30% of protein and a low level of fat which is a fantastic substitute for meat from a nutritional standpoint. The physicochemical characteristics of the meat alternatives are manipulated by functional plant protein. In the present review, we have discussed various types of plant-based meats available, their physicochemical properties, environmental impact of animal-based meat and future prospective to increase demand and business of plant-based meat.","PeriodicalId":512726,"journal":{"name":"BioMedicine","volume":" 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140391226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}