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The role of political hate speech in promoting extreme ideologies and manipulating public discourse for social approval in Pakistan 在巴基斯坦，政治仇恨言论在宣扬极端意识形态和操纵公共言论以获得社会认同方面的作用

International Social Science Journal Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1111/issj.12488

Muhammad Shaban Rafi, Zunaira Shafiq

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引用次数: 0

International Social Science Journal Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1111/issj.12488

Muhammad Shaban Rafi, Zunaira Shafiq

{"title":"The role of political hate speech in promoting extreme ideologies and manipulating public discourse for social approval in Pakistan","authors":"Muhammad Shaban Rafi, Zunaira Shafiq","doi":"10.1111/issj.12488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/issj.12488","url":null,"abstract":"The proliferation of politically motivated hate speech towards rival politicians has been rapidly increasing in Pakistan. However, the literature on political hate speech and its association with extreme ideologies is under‐theorized in the Pakistani context. We have utilized van Dijk's manipulative discourse and Walther's social approval theory to structure political hate speech and its consequences. The data was based on two Pakistani mainstream politicians’ public speeches and partisans’ comments available on YouTube. Findings reveal that politicians commonly exploit discursive categories, such as name‐calling, offensive metaphors and sarcasm, in their hate speech to dehumanize, ridicule and threaten their rivals. Their hateful slurs showcase extreme ideologies, such as polarization, intolerance, threat and violence. They use the hateful epithets to manipulate partisans, to sell fear of being betrayed and enslaved to the military and foreign powers, and to obtain, in exchange, audience and consent. The study theorizes that Pakistani mainstream politicians deliberately sensationalize hatred in their public speeches to harangue their rivals and foment extreme ideologies for the purpose of increasing their audience.","PeriodicalId":512695,"journal":{"name":"International Social Science Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139890398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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