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Termes de couleur et constructions intensifiantes en italien 意大利语中的色彩术语和强化结构
Varia Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.54563/lexique.1746
Valentina Piunno
{"title":"Termes de couleur et constructions intensifiantes en italien","authors":"Valentina Piunno","doi":"10.54563/lexique.1746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54563/lexique.1746","url":null,"abstract":"This investigation proposes a corpus-based description of Italian intensifying constructions including colour terms. Colour terms may be employed as intensification markers in intensifying colour constructions, i.e., ready-made syntactic patterns containing colour terms that have an intensifying function. The paper aims at identifying and classifying different patterns of Italian intensifying colour constructions using syntactic/semantic parameters. These constructions can convey different types and degrees of intensified meanings and can be arranged along an intensification cline. Taking into account data gathered from the ITTenTen16 corpus, the analysis identifies the abstract semantic schemata underlying intensifying colour constructions (e.g., the metonymic/metaphoric scale association), and explores the relation between colour terms and schemata, in terms of degrees of lexicalisation/constructionalisation and pattern productivity.","PeriodicalId":512585,"journal":{"name":"Varia","volume":"2018 32","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141706659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Four kinds of lexical items: Words, lexemes, inventorial items, and mental items 四种词项:词、词目、发明项目和心理项目
Varia Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.54563/lexique.1737
Martin Haspelmath
{"title":"Four kinds of lexical items: Words, lexemes, inventorial items, and mental items","authors":"Martin Haspelmath","doi":"10.54563/lexique.1737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54563/lexique.1737","url":null,"abstract":"This paper gives an overview of four senses of the terms “lexical (item/entity)” and “lexicon”, as well as several senses of the term “lexicalization”. That these terms are used in different senses in the literature has been discussed before, and it has been noted that this polysemy is sometimes confusing, but here I provide not only concrete definitions of word(-form) and lexeme and succinct discussion of the relevant issues, but I also propose two new terms: inventorium (the unpredictable elements of a language) and mentalicon (the elements that a speaker stores in memory). The latter two are crucially different because all speakers store many predictable elements. The four different senses can thus be distinguished clearly by using the four terms word-form, lexeme, inventorial item, and mental item. In the final section of the paper, I note that the term lexicalization also has multiple senses, but its most important sense is inventorization.","PeriodicalId":512585,"journal":{"name":"Varia","volume":"19 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141694634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Analyse comparée de la structure de néologismes de la langue des signes française (LSF) et de la langue des signes québécoise (LSQ) : Procédés de création et unités sublexicales 法语手语(LSF)和魁北克手语(LSQ)中新词结构的比较分析:创作过程和亚词汇单位
Varia Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.54563/lexique.1713
L. Gagnon, Anne-Marie Parisot, Irene Strasly
{"title":"Analyse comparée de la structure de néologismes de la langue des signes française (LSF) et de la langue des signes québécoise (LSQ) : Procédés de création et unités sublexicales","authors":"L. Gagnon, Anne-Marie Parisot, Irene Strasly","doi":"10.54563/lexique.1713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54563/lexique.1713","url":null,"abstract":"Nous proposons une comparaison de la structure sublexicale des néologismes de deux langues des signes (LS) : 99 du domaine de l’astronomie en LSQ et 85 du domaine biblique en LSF. Les objectifs de cet article sont de présenter i) une description des procédés de création (composition, dérivation, emprunt) et, ii) une analyse de la relation entre la structure interne (les unités sublexicales) des néologismes et leur sens, afin de déterminer si les unités sublexicales sont sémantiquement motivées dans une langue des signes. Basé sur van der Hulst et van der Kooij (2006), nous avons décrit les constituants selon leurs traits de forme (configuration manuelle, lieu et mouvement) et leur apport sémantique. Les 4 facteurs considérés pour l’analyse (régression logistique et khi2) sont les traits phonologiques (5 traits de forme de la main, 2 de lieu et 5 de mouvement), les caractéristiques sémantiques (motivé, non motivé), la langue (LSQ, LSF) et les domaines sémantiques (astronomie, bible). Les résultats montrent que les deux lexiques se distinguent par la fréquence de la composition (LSQ) et de la dérivation (LSF) ainsi que par la motivation sémantique de leurs unités sublexicales. Tous les traits sublexicaux sont significativement porteurs de sens dans le lexique de la LSF alors que la configuration manuelle seule est statistiquement représentative du référent pour le lexique de l’astronomie en LSQ.","PeriodicalId":512585,"journal":{"name":"Varia","volume":"69 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141697736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Inférences d'identité, polarisation politico-idéologique et émergence de termes sociolinguistiquement marqués 身份推断、政治意识形态两极分化和社会语言标记术语的出现
Varia Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.54563/lexique.1791
Gerhard Schaden
{"title":"Inférences d'identité, polarisation politico-idéologique et émergence de termes sociolinguistiquement marqués","authors":"Gerhard Schaden","doi":"10.54563/lexique.1791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54563/lexique.1791","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates behavior-induced identity inferences (as exemplified by phenomena such as virtue signaling), and their implications for politico-ideological polarization and the emergence of linguistic forms associated with specific politico-ideological positions (such as great replacement, used nearly exclusively by members of the extreme right). Through three simulations, it will be shown that behavior-induced identity inferences consistently increase politico-ideological polarization. However, the emergence of expressions linked to particular politico-ideological stances requires the additional process of schismogenesis, that is, a differentiation process between the behavioral profiles of agents belonging to different groups.","PeriodicalId":512585,"journal":{"name":"Varia","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141691236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Difficulties in learning specialty vocabulary at school: the case of opaque verbs 在学校学习专业词汇的困难:不透明动词的案例
Varia Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.54563/lexique.1727
Núria Gala, Marie Noëlle Roubaud, Ludivine Javourey-Drevet
{"title":"Difficulties in learning specialty vocabulary at school: the case of opaque verbs","authors":"Núria Gala, Marie Noëlle Roubaud, Ludivine Javourey-Drevet","doi":"10.54563/lexique.1727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54563/lexique.1727","url":null,"abstract":"Dans le but de mettre en lumière les lacunes dans les connaissances du vocabulaire spécifique aux textes de spécialité, nous analyserons dans cet article une série de verbes opaques (polysémiques, fréquents dans les manuels d’histoire et de sciences) et nous dresserons un bilan des connaissances lexicales d’un ensemble de 219 enfants de cours moyen (9 à 11 ans) questionnés dans différentes écoles de France. Nous montrerons, par ailleurs, quelles sont les stratégies utilisées par les élèves pour répondre à la consigne proposée : écrire une phrase avec un verbe donné hors contexte.","PeriodicalId":512585,"journal":{"name":"Varia","volume":"52 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141694278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Noms sous-spécifiés et constructions : analyse distributionnelle dans un corpus français diversifié en genres 细分名词和结构:对法语语料库中各种性别的分布分析
Varia Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.54563/lexique.1767
Anaïs Vajnovszki, P. Lauwers, D. Legallois
{"title":"Noms sous-spécifiés et constructions : analyse distributionnelle dans un corpus français diversifié en genres","authors":"Anaïs Vajnovszki, P. Lauwers, D. Legallois","doi":"10.54563/lexique.1767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54563/lexique.1767","url":null,"abstract":"Le but de cet article est d’analyser le comportement constructionnel de 16 noms sous-spécifiés en français. Les noms sous-spécifiés (Nss) sont des lexèmes abstraits, comme problème ou idée. Ils constituent une catégorie nominale dont l’une des particularités est de s’intégrer de manière préférentielle dans les constructions copulatives spécificationnelles, p. ex. le problème est que + complétive ou la solution est de + infinitif. Toutefois, d’autres mécanismes existent, tels que la construction paratactique (Autre obstacle en matière d’enseignement : la formation des enseignants, des maîtres // la formation des enseignants constitue un obstacle) ou la construction adnominale (le problème du culte de l’empereur // le culte de l’empereur constitue le problème). Nous pensons qu’une analyse outillée fondée sur le comportement constructionnel de ces noms pourrait permettre de répondre à plusieurs questions, notamment : (1) quels Nss sont concernés par un comportement distributionnel similaire en termes d’intégration dans ces constructions ? (2) ces catégories distributionnelles correspondent-elles à des types sémantiques de Nss ? (3) cette catégorisation révèle-t-elle l’existence d’un prototype ? (4) une synonymie entraîne-t-elle une appartenance à la même catégorie ? (5) existe-t-il des liens entre les constructions d’accueil ? Nous répondrons à ces questions en menant une analyse outillée sur un petit corpus diversifié en genres, composé de 16 Nss parmi les plus fréquents dans les constructions spécificationnelles, constructions considérées par de nombreux auteurs comme un critère d’identification des Nss. Notre objectif est double : tout d’abord, regrouper les Nss en plusieurs classes sur la base de leur fréquence dans une gamme de constructions ; ensuite, analyser la composition de ces groupes de Nss pour en tirer des conclusions plus théoriques sur la structure interne de cette catégorie nominale et sur les éventuels mécanismes plus globaux à l’œuvre.","PeriodicalId":512585,"journal":{"name":"Varia","volume":"19 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141710782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Une réponse lexicologique à Linguistic Dimensions of Sexual Normativity (2022) de Motschenbacher 对莫钦巴赫《性规范的语言学维度》(2022 年)的词典学回应
Varia Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.54563/lexique.1781
Nicholas Lo Vecchio
{"title":"Une réponse lexicologique à Linguistic Dimensions of Sexual Normativity (2022) de Motschenbacher","authors":"Nicholas Lo Vecchio","doi":"10.54563/lexique.1781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54563/lexique.1781","url":null,"abstract":"This article is a critical engagement with Heiko Motschenbacher’s Linguistic Dimensions of Sexual Normativity (2022), which examines the discursive construction of sexuality through the lens of normativity in the aim of empiricizing queer linguistic data via corpus methods. Underpinned by a lexicalist stance based on a novel Foucauldian argument and a readaptation of sociological “labeling theory”, the book argues for a lexically based construction of sexual normativity through the words used to describe sexual beings or practices. Critiques are proposed here concerning the work’s treatment of Foucauldian theory, labeling theory, and lexical history. By opposing normativity but also enacting it via guidelines for inclusive language use, the work under study raises political questions about linguistic authority. A sociolexicological approach, seeing the lexicon as the site of structured variation as for any other language feature, offers a way out of binary essentialist/constructivist thinking and opens alternate perspectives on interrogating the queer past and present.","PeriodicalId":512585,"journal":{"name":"Varia","volume":"92 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141699332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
“Simone Weil’s Iliad : Misunderstanding Homer ?” "西蒙娜-魏尔的《伊利亚特》:误解荷马?
Varia Pub Date : 2024-01-15 DOI: 10.54563/eugesta.1497
Barbara Gold
{"title":"“Simone Weil’s Iliad : Misunderstanding Homer ?”","authors":"Barbara Gold","doi":"10.54563/eugesta.1497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54563/eugesta.1497","url":null,"abstract":"This article focuses on Simone Weil’s translation and reception of Homer’s Iliad. Some criitics have called it a misreading, but I contend that translation and reception comes in many forms and that it is a mistake to label non-literal translations as “misreadings.” My analysis of Weil’s Homer also focuses on how Weil’s writing about war is marked by her identity as a woman and a woman who is drawn to epic poetry. The article focuses on two episodes in the Iliad: Priam and Achilles in Book 24 and Lycaon and Achilles in Book 21.","PeriodicalId":512585,"journal":{"name":"Varia","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140507491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Feminist Abolitionist reads Plutarch, Euripides, and Plato: Periclean Athens and Nineteenth Century America in Lydia Maria Child’s Philothea (1836) 女权废奴主义者阅读普鲁塔克、欧里庇得斯和柏拉图:莉迪亚-玛丽亚-蔡尔德的《菲洛希亚》(1836 年)中的伯里克利雅典和 19 世纪的美国
Varia Pub Date : 2024-01-15 DOI: 10.54563/eugesta.1449
Catherine Connors
{"title":"A Feminist Abolitionist reads Plutarch, Euripides, and Plato: Periclean Athens and Nineteenth Century America in Lydia Maria Child’s Philothea (1836)","authors":"Catherine Connors","doi":"10.54563/eugesta.1449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54563/eugesta.1449","url":null,"abstract":"In writing her 1836 novel Philothea, the abolitionist Lydia Maria Child drew on careful reading of Plutarch’s Life of Pericles, Euripides’ Ion, and Plato’s Republic. The novel’s plot, organized around Pericles’ law that both parents must be Athenian citizens for their child to have citizenship, shares features with arguments for the abolition of slavery and for women’s rights that Child made in other writings throughout her lifetime. Child combined a sentimental romance narrative about an enslaved woman that encourages readers to become abolitionists with allusions to Plato’s Republic that affirm the abolitionist conviction that slavery is absolutely unjust. Previous scholarship has treated Child’s use of Greek material in a rather general way. This article demonstrates just how precisely she incorporated elements of Plutarch, Euripides and Plato into the abolitionist story she chose to tell. By expanding understanding of Child’s engagement with the classical past that her gender kept her from learning about in a university setting, this study also contributes to the growing body of knowledge about how women did get access to — and put to use — classical learning.","PeriodicalId":512585,"journal":{"name":"Varia","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140508778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Nocet esse feracem: An Ecofeminist Analysis of the Pseudo-Ovidian Nux Nocet esse feracem:伪奥维德小说《努克斯》的生态女性主义分析
Varia Pub Date : 2024-01-15 DOI: 10.54563/eugesta.1485
Leah O’Hearn
{"title":"Nocet esse feracem: An Ecofeminist Analysis of the Pseudo-Ovidian Nux","authors":"Leah O’Hearn","doi":"10.54563/eugesta.1485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54563/eugesta.1485","url":null,"abstract":"The Nux depicts the complaints of a walnut tree, pelted with stones and beaten with rods when she bears fruit. Discussion of the Nux, however, has largely centred on its authorship. Recognising its deep engagement with Ovid’s work, this article sets aside the question of authorship and takes a critical ecofeminist approach to explore the poem’s concerns with fertility, nature, the female, and violence. It argues that the walnut tree is feminised and humanised so that her complaints that fertility brings pain and her criticism of trees who sabotage their fertility to be beautiful have meaning for Roman women, and in particular for those women living under the Principate. It aims to demonstrate that the Nux figures the domination of nature and the oppression of women as outcomes of the same harmful ideology.","PeriodicalId":512585,"journal":{"name":"Varia","volume":"1 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140506709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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