Crop & Pasture Science最新文献

{"title":"Should crop sequences in Western Australia include more lupins?","authors":"C. d’Abbadie, S. Kharel, R. Kingwell, A. Abadi Ghadim","doi":"10.1071/cp23110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/cp23110","url":null,"abstract":"Context Reducing greenhouse gas emissions is an increasing priority for Australian grain producers. Could substituting lupins for canola, as a rotational break crop, enable farmers to reduce their emissions by less use of nitrogenous fertilisers?Aim This study aims to identify if replacing canola with lupins in rotations at a range of locations in Western Australia’s grainbelt is environmentally and economically attractive.Methods Bio-economic simulation modelling is used to examine the gross margins and emissions associated with replacement of canola by lupins at 14 locations in the grainbelt of Western Australia in various land use sequences.Key results Replacing canola with lupins unambiguously leads to reduced emissions in crop sequences at all locations considered. However, the higher gross margins from canola production cause lupins to only be a preferred break crop option at 4 of the 14 locations. Even with various plausible incentives to favour lupins, they remain economically unattractive at most locations other than those where lupins are well adapted to the environment.Conclusions Lupins’ current lack of commercial attractiveness for farmers limits its role in emissions reduction in the region’s farming systems.Implications The profitability of lupins needs to increase if lupins are to be widely readopted. This requires developing higher yielding lupin varieties, grain quality improvements, and policy changes to reward lower emission cereals. However, this study shows these changes, apart from yield improvement, are unlikely in the short term. At locations with suitable soils alternative pulse crops may offer higher gross margins whilst delivering emission reductions.","PeriodicalId":51237,"journal":{"name":"Crop & Pasture Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135758472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Humic and fulvic acid influence the morphophysiological and biochemical properties of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) under water deficit","authors":"Angela Lucena Nascimento de Jesus, Lucas Vinícius Pierre de Andrada, Luiz Filipe dos Santos Silva, Natália Alves Santos, Fabiana Barbosa Cruz, Nerissa Carolina Amosse Cumbana, Rafael Anchieta de Oliveira, Evaristo Jorge Oliveira de Souza","doi":"10.1071/cp23250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/cp23250","url":null,"abstract":"Context Water deficit is a limiting factor in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) performance. Humic and fulvic acids are organic fertilisers that increase plant productivity and appear as a viable alternative to improve cowpea productivity under water deficit.Aim We evaluated the efficiency of humic and fulvic acid on the morphophysiological and biochemical properties of cowpea subjected to water deficit.Methods The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse. A completely randomised design was adopted in a 5×2 factorial scheme with four replications, with five doses of humic and fulvic acid, 0, 4, 8, 12 and 16mL/L applied to plants irrigated at 100% and 25% of field capacity. Stomatal conductance (gs), water potential (Pw), plant height (H), stem diameter (SD), number of leaves (NL), number of root nodules (NR), fresh and dry weight of the aerial (FMA and DMA) and root (FMR and DMR), total soluble proteins (SP) and total phenolic compounds (PC).Key results Doses of 8 and 12mL/L increased gs (100–200mmolm2s−1), reduced Pw (−0.9MPa) and NR, increased FMR and DMR (20 and 10g), SP (8–9g) in stressed and non-stressed individuals.Conclusions Intermediate doses of humic and fulvic acid (12mL/L) are recommended for cowpea production in dry regions.Implications Humic and fulvic acid together are viable alternatives for optimising agricultural production and decision making in semi-arid regions.","PeriodicalId":51237,"journal":{"name":"Crop & Pasture Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135758450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of infection with the viral complex alfalfa dwarf disease on productivity traits and coumestrol production in alfalfa plants","authors":"Mercedes P. Silva, Daniel H. Basigalup, Stella Maris Chiacchiera, Verónica Trucco, Fabián Giolitti, Eva Mamani, Carolina del Pilar Díaz, Milena E. Manzur","doi":"10.1071/cp23143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/cp23143","url":null,"abstract":"Context Viral infections generate yield losses in alfalfa due to the impact on growth, seed production, impaired nitrogen fixation and fungal disease susceptibility, but also stimulate production of coumestrol, which can exhibit oestrogenic activity in livestock and human.Aims We investigated the change in coumestrol content and its relationship with morphological and productivity traits in alfalfa plants infected with alfalfa viral complex.Methods Seven genotypes from cultivar Monarca SP-INTA and six of Traful PV-INTA were used. Plants were cloned and treated as non-infected and infected with alfalfa viral complex (alfalfa dwarf disease). Productivity and morphological traits were assessed. Disease symptoms were used to estimate the genotype severity index (GSI, %), coumestrol content was determined by high pressure liquid chromatography.Key results Viral infection reduced internode distance (iD) for the majority of Monarca genotypes, whereas in Traful one was affected, generating dwarfism. The iD reduction positively correlated with GSI only in Monarca genotypes. Coumestrol content varied between genotypes of each of the two cultivars. Monarca genotypes ranged between 350 and 1140 (infected and non-infected) ppm, and Traful genotypes ranged between 0 and 942 (infected and non-infected) ppm. However, viral infection promoted coumestrol increase in three genotypes only.Conclusions All Monarca genotypes studied seem to be more sensitive to viral infections than those of Traful, as GSI demonstrated. Independently of cultivar, coumestrol content increased for three genotypes. High coumestrol content was correlated with low GSI.Implications The knowledge of genotype response to viral infections would be useful for breeders to select superior genotypes as well as to originate new cultivars either as forage or as natural sources of phytoestrogens.","PeriodicalId":51237,"journal":{"name":"Crop & Pasture Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135843512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moister soils at elevated CO2 stimulate root biomass but suppress aboveground biomass production in Lolium perenne","authors":"M. Hovenden, A. Sinclair, Rose Brinkhoff, Kate E. Stevenson, Zachary A. Brown, Meagan Porter, A. Flittner, M. Nyberg, R. Rawnsley","doi":"10.1071/cp22287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/cp22287","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51237,"journal":{"name":"Crop & Pasture Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58705810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seed row placement relative to the previous crop stubble row can harness systems benefits on water repellent sands","authors":"T. McBeath, V. Gupta, J. Desbiolles, Bill Davoren, R. Llewellyn","doi":"10.1071/cp23157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/cp23157","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51237,"journal":{"name":"Crop & Pasture Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58706686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenotypic variations in M2 generation by ethyl methanesulfonate mutagenesis in lucerne (Medicago sativa L.)","authors":"S. S. Jade, V. N. Gaikwad, S. P. Jadhav, P. S. Takawale, R. A. Bahulikar","doi":"10.1071/cp23047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/cp23047","url":null,"abstract":"Context Mutagenesis is an effective method to create genetic variation in an available accession.Aim This study aimed to generate variability in a genetically distinct genotype of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) by using a chemical mutagen.Methods Eight different ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) concentrations were used to determine lethal dose for 50% of the population (LD50). Among them, two EMS concentrations were used to treat 20 000 seeds of BAL-08-01 accession. A total of 8301 individual plants from 1225 families in the second generation (M2) were established under field conditions. Phenotypic observations were recorded as per Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability (DUS) testing guidelines.Key results Wide variations were observed for all phenotypic characters. Among these, green fodder yield, plant height and number of tillers varied with a range of 1–372.5g, 8.1–120.8cm and 0–77 per plant, respectively. Variations were also recorded for other characters such as leaf shape, flower colour, primary branching, etc. A total of 86.76% of plants showed purple colour flowers. Principal component analysis was performed for fodder characters from each EMS concentration. First, two principal components contributed an overall 97.06% variability. M2 plants outside 95% ellipses show the highest phenotypic variations.Conclusion EMS is effective in inducing mutation in lucerne. Phenotypic mutations were recognised in the M2 generation for the quantitative and qualitative characters and green fodder yield.Implications The resulting high level of variability will serve as source material for the improvement of lucerne for various traits.","PeriodicalId":51237,"journal":{"name":"Crop & Pasture Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135261536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of young endophyte-free and endophyte-infected tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) plants under partial and total submergence","authors":"Lucas R. Petigrosso, Osvaldo R. Vignolio, Pedro E. Gundel, María G. Monterubbianesi, Silvia G. Assuero","doi":"10.1071/cp23061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/cp23061","url":null,"abstract":"Context Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) is a valuable temperate forage grass. Tall fescue plants associated with Epichloë fungal endophytes are successfully spreading in grassland regions that are recurrently exposed to flooding.Aims We asked whether the association with fungal endophytes increases plant performance under water excess.Methods In a greenhouse experiment, we evaluated the differential performance of young endophyte-infected and endophyte-free tall fescue plants in response to 14days of partial and total submergence. We included a wild local population and a cultivar, each with their respective fungal endophyte: the common endophyte and a safe (non-toxic) endophyte (AR584).Key results Relative to control (non-submerged) plants, and regardless of endophyte status, total submergence resulted in a significant growth reduction. At the end of the partial submergence period, the number of leaves per plant increased (21%) in the presence of the safe endophyte AR584 but decreased (18%) in the presence of the wild endophyte. Moreover, under partial submergence, the presence of wild endophyte decreased pseudostem dry weight by 10%.Conclusions Our results show that the presence of either the wild or the safe endophyte did not increase the performance of young tall fescue plants under submergence conditions.Implications Although all endophyte-free and endophyte-infected tall fescue plants survived submergence treatments, we cannot rule out that Epichloë endophytes might improve plant fitness under longer stressful submergence conditions. Future research should explore how endophytes modulate host performance under water excess, considering different phenological plant phases and/or co-occurrence with other stress factors (e.g. high temperatures).","PeriodicalId":51237,"journal":{"name":"Crop & Pasture Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135404451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant species, nitrogen status and endophytes are drivers of soil microbial communities in grasslands","authors":"Susanne Rasmussen, Anthony J. Parsons, Julia Russell, Daniel A. Bastías, Qianhe Liu","doi":"10.1071/cp23149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/cp23149","url":null,"abstract":"Context There is concern that the introduction of ‘novel’ plant germplasm/traits could outpace our capacity to measure and so assess their impacts on soil microbial communities and function.Aim This study aimed to investigate the effects of plant species/functional traits, nitrogen (N) fertilisation and endophyte infection on grassland soil microbial communities within a short time span of 2years.Methods Two field experiments with monoculture plots were conducted in a common soil. Experiment 1 compared grasses and legumes, using two cultivars of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) that varied in fructan content, along with the legumes white clover (Trifolium repens) and bird’s-foot trefoil (Lotus pedunculatus) that varied in tannin content. Grass treatments received high and low N application levels. Experiment 2 compared the presence/absence of Epichloë strains in ryegrass, tall fescue (Schedonorus phoenix) and meadow fescue (Schedonorus pratensis). Soil microbial communities were analysed by using high-throughput sequencing of DNA isolated from bulk soil cores.Key results Higher abundance of ligninolytic fungi was found in grass soils and pectinolytic fungi in legume soils. Levels of N fertilisation and fructan in ryegrass had only minor effects on soil fungal communities. By contrast, N fertilisation or fixation had a strong effect on bacterial communities, with higher abundance of nitrifiers and denitrifiers in high-N grass soils and in legume soils than in low-N grass soils. Epichloë affected soil microbiota by reducing the abundance of certain fungal phytopathogens, increasing mycorrhizal fungi and reducing N-fixing bacteria.Conclusions Chemical composition of plant cell walls, which differs between grasses and legumes, and presence of Epichloë in grasses were the main drivers of shifts in soil microbial communities.Implications Impacts of farming practices such as mono- or poly-culture, N fertilisation and presence of Epichloë in grasses on soil microbial communities should be considered in pasture management.","PeriodicalId":51237,"journal":{"name":"Crop & Pasture Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135753623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenotypic variation of Kikuyu grass (Cenchrus clandestinus) across livestock production farms in Colombian highlands is explained by management and environment rather than genetic diversity","authors":"Javier Castillo Sierra, Ivania Cerón-Souza, Yesid Avellaneda Avellaneda, Edgar Augusto Mancipe Muñoz, Juan de Jesús Vargas Martínez","doi":"10.1071/cp22360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/cp22360","url":null,"abstract":"Context Kikuyu grass (Cenchrus clandestinus (Hochst. ex Chiov.) Morrone) is native to the Central African highlands and was introduced to Colombia in 1928 to feed animals. Despite its low genetic diversity and proven genetic clonality, this species has shown broad phenotypic variation and has become the primary forage resource for livestock production systems in the Colombian highlands. However, it is necessary to determine whether genetic diversity should be considered when designing management programs.Aims We aimed to determine which variables among location, altitude and population genetic structure explain the phenotypic variation of Kikuyu grass samples across livestock farms at high altitudes.Methods We used principal component analysis, redundancy analysis and partial redundancy analysis to understand the contribution of three explanatory variables (three high-altitude ranges, six locations and two or five genetic clusters) and 30 covariables (pasture management and soil traits of each farm) to explain 18 phenotypic variables of 146 Kikuyu grass samples from high-altitude livestock farms in Colombia.Key results All explanatory variables and covariables explained 39.1–41.5% of the phenotypic variation of Kikuyu grass in Colombia. However, the effect of the genetic structure based on two or five clusters was negligible. By comparison, locality, altitude and 13 covariables of productive system management and soil traits were significant.Conclusions Genetic population structure was insignificant in explaining the phenotypic variation of Kikuyu grass in Colombia.Implications Future research on Kikuyu grass in Colombia should focus on farm management variables and soil trait analyses.","PeriodicalId":51237,"journal":{"name":"Crop & Pasture Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136203583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The growth habits of tropical legumes affect the nutritive herbage value more than harvesting frequency","authors":"Tafnes B. Sales-Silva, Mércia V. F. dos Santos, Osniel F. de Oliveira, Pedro H. F. da Silva, Evaristo J. O. de Souza, Djalma E. Simões Neto, Abdias J. da Silva Neto, Márcio V. da Cunha","doi":"10.1071/cp23109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/cp23109","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51237,"journal":{"name":"Crop & Pasture Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134882297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}