Crop & Pasture Science最新文献_第3页

Induction of regulatory mechanisms by plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in crops facing drought stress 植物生长促进菌在干旱胁迫下对作物调控机制的诱导

IF 1.9 4区农林科学

Crop & Pasture Science Pub Date : 2023-05-04 DOI: 10.1071/CP22263

Sundas Tanveer, N. Ilyas, N. Akhtar, R. Sayyed, W. Almalki

{"title":"Induction of regulatory mechanisms by plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in crops facing drought stress","authors":"Sundas Tanveer, N. Ilyas, N. Akhtar, R. Sayyed, W. Almalki","doi":"10.1071/CP22263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/CP22263","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Climate change and global warming are leading to severe drought stress, causing damage to crops in different regions of the world. Drought stress is an abiotic stress that interferes with major metabolic pathways, influencing mainly morphological, physiological and biochemical parameters of plants, ultimately resulting in decreased growth and yield of crops. Plants should be able to utilise available moisture efficiently, and there is a need to focus on organic and eco-friendly methods for improving crops facing drought stress. A practical approach for enhancing growth and development under stressful conditions is the application of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), soil microbes that help plants to cope with extreme ecological conditions. This review aims to highlight the function of various PGPR metabolites that help to mitigate water-deficit conditions. These microbes exist naturally in the rhizosphere of plants, and they enhance plant growth by several direct mechanisms such as aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase and osmolyte production, secretion of exopolysaccharides and phytohormones, triggering of antioxidant defence mechanisms against reactive oxygen species and production of volatile organic compounds, as well as by indirect mechanisms including enhancing induced systemic resistance and pathogen suppression. This review recommends the use of PGPR for improving growth and development of crops under drought stress and supports their role as effective and sustainable bioinoculants for enhancing the growth and production of crops.","PeriodicalId":51237,"journal":{"name":"Crop & Pasture Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42865489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Response of canola and cereals to amendment of subsurface soil acidity and a hardpan 油菜籽和谷物对地下土壤酸度修正和硬化土的响应

IF 1.9 4区农林科学

Crop & Pasture Science Pub Date : 2023-04-26 DOI: 10.1071/cp23009

M. Conyers, J. Moroni, G. Poile, A. Oates, Richard J Lowrie, A. Swan, J. Angus, M. Peoples, P. Hamblin, J. Kirkegaard

{"title":"Response of canola and cereals to amendment of subsurface soil acidity and a hardpan","authors":"M. Conyers, J. Moroni, G. Poile, A. Oates, Richard J Lowrie, A. Swan, J. Angus, M. Peoples, P. Hamblin, J. Kirkegaard","doi":"10.1071/cp23009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/cp23009","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Context. Limitations to crop yield due to subsurface (5–15 cm depth) compaction layers (>2 MPa) and subsurface acidity (pHCa <4.8) have frequently been reported on the non-sodic soils of south-eastern Australia, but amendment studies have been limited in number and inconsistent in the extent and longevity of any response. Aim. We tested the hypothesis that amendment of subsurface acidity and compaction would lead to increased grain yield. Method. We investigated crop response to the alleviation of these combined subsurface soil constraints by using deep ripping and dry limestone injection to 30 cm depth over 3 years in a canola–cereal sequence. Key results. Deep tillage and injection of limestone into the soil both failed to produce significant grain yield responses in any year, despite the reduction of soil strength and increase in pH in subsurface layers. Early vegetative growth sometimes responded to the treatments, but the loss of stored soil water during drier than average seasons appeared to limit grain response. However, we also observed that a proportion of plant roots penetrated these relatively thin constraint layers in unamended soils. Conclusions. Amelioration of subsurface acidity and compaction does not necessarily increase grain yield. Implications. The effects of subsurface acidity and compaction should be tested on other species and during varying rainfall deciles. Given the potentially large resource requirements for deep amendment of soils, we propose that the selection of tolerant species and cultivars might be more effective in the short term.","PeriodicalId":51237,"journal":{"name":"Crop & Pasture Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58705962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Defoliation management and nitrogen fertiliser rate affect canopy structural traits of grazed guineagrass (Megathyrsus maximus) cv. Zuri under rotational stocking 落叶管理和氮肥施用量对放牧豚草冠层结构性状的影响。Zuri轮放养

IF 1.9 4区农林科学

Crop & Pasture Science Pub Date : 2023-04-21 DOI: 10.1071/cp22388

Otávio Goulart de Almeida, C. Pedreira, Juliana Aparecida de Assis, B. Pedreira, F. J. Gomes, R. Nave

{"title":"Defoliation management and nitrogen fertiliser rate affect canopy structural traits of grazed guineagrass (Megathyrsus maximus) cv. Zuri under rotational stocking","authors":"Otávio Goulart de Almeida, C. Pedreira, Juliana Aparecida de Assis, B. Pedreira, F. J. Gomes, R. Nave","doi":"10.1071/cp22388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/cp22388","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Context. Defoliation management by grazing or clipping, combined with nitrogen (N) fertilisation, can increase forage production in tropical grasses. Use of pasture canopy height as a practical tool for monitoring forage mass and accumulation has been proposed because of the relationship between height and canopy light interception. However, this relationship can vary due to variations in canopy structural changes and N supply. Aims. Our objectives were to study canopy structural responses and forage accumulation of grazed Zuri guineagrass (Megathyrsus maximus) under rotational stocking. Methods. Combinations of two pre-graze canopy heights (55 and 75 cm) and two N fertilisation rates (150 and 300 kg N ha−1 year−1) were used during two consecutive years. Cattle grazed the pastures to 50% of pre-graze height. Key results. Regardless of N rate, pastures managed at 75 cm always reached 95% light interception at pre-graze. The 55 cm/300 kg N pastures underwent structural changes such as greater leaf proportion, tiller population density and specific leaf area, and smaller mean foliage angle, which resulted in 95% light interception at pre-graze. Forage accumulation was 20% greater for 75 cm pastures (22 120 kg DM ha−1 year−1) than 55 cm pastures. Pastures receiving 300 kg N ha−1 year−1 had 38% greater forage accumulation than those receiving 150 kg N ha−1 year−1. Conclusion. Zuri guineagrass pastures should be defoliated when canopy height reaches 75 cm owing to greater forage accumulation, but can be grazed at 55 cm when N is applied at 300 kg ha−1 year−1. Implications. Zuri guineagrass can be managed with shorter pre-graze canopy height; when grazed at 55 cm and with 300 kg N ha−1 year−1, there is no negative effect on forage accumulation, allowing for shorter rest periods.","PeriodicalId":51237,"journal":{"name":"Crop & Pasture Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58706025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Agronomic responses and herbage nutritive value of elephant grass (Cenchrus purpureus) genotypes grown as monocrops and mixed with butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea) 象草单作与蝶豆混作基因型的农艺反应及牧草营养价值

IF 1.9 4区农林科学

Crop & Pasture Science Pub Date : 2023-04-21 DOI: 10.1071/cp22397

P. H. F. Silva, M. V. D. Santos, A. C. L. de Mello, T. B. S. Silva, D. E. S. Neto, V. J. da Silva, J. Dubeux, J. J. Coêlho, E. Souza, M. V. da Cunha

{"title":"Agronomic responses and herbage nutritive value of elephant grass (Cenchrus purpureus) genotypes grown as monocrops and mixed with butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea)","authors":"P. H. F. Silva, M. V. D. Santos, A. C. L. de Mello, T. B. S. Silva, D. E. S. Neto, V. J. da Silva, J. Dubeux, J. J. Coêlho, E. Souza, M. V. da Cunha","doi":"10.1071/cp22397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/cp22397","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Context. Introducing legumes into grass-based forage systems may increase herbage nutritive value while reducing the need for inorganic nitrogen fertilisation. Grass–legume intercrops may also enhance herbage yield stability. Aim. We evaluated agronomic and nutritional traits of elephant grass (Cenchrus purpureus Schum.) genotypes grown as monocrops and mixed with butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea L.). Methods. Elephant grass genotypes, two tall (Elephant B and IRI-381) and two dwarf (Mott and Taiwan A-146 2.37), were grown as monocultures or intercropped with butterfly pea in a 2-year trial. Herbage accumulation, yield stability, botanical composition and chemical/bromatological variables were evaluated. Key results. Herbage accumulation was highest (P < 0.001) in Elephant B under monocropping (21.9 t/ha.year); however, this treatment revealed the lowest yield stability over harvest times (σi2 5.59). All intercrops were more stable than grass monocrops (mean σi2 0.66 vs 2.55). Higher (P < 0.001) concentrations of herbage crude protein were found in intercrops than monocrops (mean 113 vs 90 g/kg). Intercrop herbage lignin contents (mean 57 g/kg) and protein fraction C (mean 61 g/kg) were higher than those in monocrops. Dwarf Mott had higher (P = 0.001) digestible dry matter concentration than dwarf Taiwan (755 vs 745 g/kg). Conclusions. Dwarf Mott genotype has outstanding nutritive value because of its higher leaf:stem ratio. Butterfly pea legume added to elephant grass crop in cut-and-carry systems improves herbage yield stability by reducing seasonal effects. Implications. Intercropping butterfly pea in grass-based systems enhances yield stability, allowing herbage harvest with good nutritive value.","PeriodicalId":51237,"journal":{"name":"Crop & Pasture Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58706094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Agronomic, phytochemical and drought tolerance evaluation of Iranian cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) ecotypes under different soil moisture levels: a step towards identifying pharmaceutical and industrial populations 不同土壤水分水平下伊朗大麻(cannabis sativa L.)生态型的农艺、植物化学和耐旱性评价:确定制药和工业种群的一个步骤

IF 1.9 4区农林科学

Crop & Pasture Science Pub Date : 2023-04-14 DOI: 10.1071/cp22212

Sadegh Asadi, H. Moghaddam, H. Naghdi Badi, M. Naghavi, S. A. Salami

{"title":"Agronomic, phytochemical and drought tolerance evaluation of Iranian cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) ecotypes under different soil moisture levels: a step towards identifying pharmaceutical and industrial populations","authors":"Sadegh Asadi, H. Moghaddam, H. Naghdi Badi, M. Naghavi, S. A. Salami","doi":"10.1071/cp22212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/cp22212","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Context. Cannabis is a herbaceous annual plant that belongs to the Cannabaceae family, which is used in the production of fibre, paper, oil and pharmaceutical products. Aims. The aim of this study was to identify drought-tolerant ecotypes and medicinal and industrial populations. Methods. Due to the medicinal and industrial importance of cannabis, 12 cannabis ecotypes were collected from different regions of Iran. Then, their agronomic and phytochemical characteristics were evaluated under different soil moisture conditions. Key results. The soil moisture levels had significant effects (P < 0.01) on the studied traits except for the 1000 seed weight. Based on duration of the growth period, the Tabas and Dasht-e-Moghan ecotypes were identified as early and late maturing ecotypes, respectively. Also, the highest stem dry weight and stem height/diameter ratio and the lowest seed yield were related to the Dasht-e-Moghan ecotype, which is valuable for fibre production. Based on seed yield (relative reduction) and some tolerance indexes, the Tabas and Tabrize ecotypes were shown to be the most tolerant and sensitive ecotypes, respectively. As soil moisture decreased, tetrahydrocannabinol levels increased and cannabidiol levels decreased. The highest amount of tetrahydrocannabinol was related to the Qom ecotype at 50% soil moisture and the highest amount of cannabidiol was related to the Rasht ecotype at 100% soil moisture. Conclusions. Generally, these ecotypes had different responses to soil moisture. Some ecotypes were valuable in terms of the production of pharmaceutical metabolites and some in terms of fibre production. Implications. Tolerant and sensitive ecotypes might be considered in production and also breeding programs.","PeriodicalId":51237,"journal":{"name":"Crop & Pasture Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58705741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Flowering responses of serradella (Ornithopus spp.) and subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) to vernalisation and photoperiod and their role in maturity type determination and flowering date stability 鸟菜(Ornithopus spp.)和地下三叶草(Trifolium subterraneum L.)对春化和光周期的开花响应及其在成熟类型确定和花期稳定性中的作用

IF 1.9 4区农林科学

Crop & Pasture Science Pub Date : 2023-04-06 DOI: 10.1071/CP22366

Laura Goward, R. Haling, Rowan W. Smith, B. Penrose, R. Simpson

{"title":"Flowering responses of serradella (Ornithopus spp.) and subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) to vernalisation and photoperiod and their role in maturity type determination and flowering date stability","authors":"Laura Goward, R. Haling, Rowan W. Smith, B. Penrose, R. Simpson","doi":"10.1071/CP22366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/CP22366","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Context. Serradellas (Ornithopus spp.) are promising alternative annual legumes to subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.), for permanent, temperate pastures. However, many cultivars exhibit unstable flowering dates across years. This is a risk for seed production and persistence. Aim. This study assessed how vernalisation and photoperiod cues determine maturity type and flowering date stability among serradella cultivars. Methods. First flower appearance was recorded for early and late maturing cultivars of yellow serradella (Ornithopus compressus L.), French serradella (Ornithopus sativus Brot.) and subterranean clover after exposure to six vernalisation treatments (0, 1, 3, 5, 7 or 9 weeks at 5°C) with subsequent growth under four photoperiods (8, 12, 16 or 20 h). Key results. ‘Intrinsic earliness’ differed by only zero to three nodes for cultivars within species, indicating that maturity type was determined primarily by a cultivar’s responses to vernalisation and photoperiod. An interaction between these responses was observed, with a precipitous decline in the requirement for vernalisation when photoperiods exceeded 12 h. Many cultivars also displayed a persistent component to their vernalisation response, whereby long photoperiods (20 h) did not completely negate the response to vernalisation. Conclusions. Later maturity was associated particularly with need for long exposure to the vernalisation treatment to minimise the duration from sowing to first flower appearance. Stable flowering is more likely when a cultivar has components of its vernalisation requirement that are not satisfied before autumn ends to prevent premature flowering, and a photoperiod response in spring that overrides any unmet vernalisation requirement. Implications. Persistence by serradella cultivars requires selection for suitable responsiveness to vernalisation and photoperiod.","PeriodicalId":51237,"journal":{"name":"Crop & Pasture Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45034446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Phosphorus responses of Trifolium pallescens and T. occidentale, the progenitors of white clover (T. repens) 白三叶草(T. repens)的祖先白三叶(Trifolium pallescens)和西三叶草(T. occidentale)对磷的响应

IF 1.9 4区农林科学

Crop & Pasture Science Pub Date : 2023-04-04 DOI: 10.1071/CP22254

S. Nichols, J. Crush, V. Cave, W. Williams

{"title":"Phosphorus responses of Trifolium pallescens and T. occidentale, the progenitors of white clover (T. repens)","authors":"S. Nichols, J. Crush, V. Cave, W. Williams","doi":"10.1071/CP22254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/CP22254","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Context. Rock phosphate reserves are decreasing, and requirements to mitigate environmental impacts of farming soils with excess phosphorus (P) are increasing. Aims. White clover is an allotetraploid hybrid between Trifolium pallescens and T. occidentale. Understanding the P response characteristics of these progenitor species will allow selection of germplasm for development of synthetic white clovers with improved phosphorus-use efficiency (PUE). Methods. Shoot and root weights and P nutrition characteristics were compared for three Trifolium pallescens, six T. occidentale accessions, and a white clover cultivar in a glasshouse experiment using a low P soil amended with five rates of P. Key results. White clover had the highest and most P responsive shoot and root dry weights (DW), and T. pallescens was least responsive to P. In the highest P treatment, T. pallescens had the highest shoot and root %P and the lowest shoot DW:total plant P ratio. There was significant variation among progenitor accessions. Spanish accessions of T. occidentale had comparable shoot DW to white clover and higher PUE. Traits of T. pallescens indicated strong adaptation to low P but low productivity, while traits of T. occidentale were more aligned with the white clover cultivar. Conclusions. The substantial variation in P nutrition characteristics within the progenitor species of white clover could be exploited in breeding programs. Implications. Comparing the P responses of a wider range of progenitor accessions could inform breeding to improve white clover’s low soil P tolerance through development of synthetic white clovers.","PeriodicalId":51237,"journal":{"name":"Crop & Pasture Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41363772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Overexpression of rice acyl-CoA-binding protein OsACBP5 protects Brassica napus against seedling infection by fungal phytopathogens 水稻酰基辅酶a结合蛋白OsACBP5的过表达可保护甘蓝型油菜免受真菌植物病原体的侵染

IF 1.9 4区农林科学

Crop & Pasture Science Pub Date : 2023-03-31 DOI: 10.1071/CP22347

Saritha Panthapulakkal Narayanan, A. Alahakoon, C. Elliott, D. Russell, P. Taylor, Clive Lo, M. Chye

{"title":"Overexpression of rice acyl-CoA-binding protein OsACBP5 protects Brassica napus against seedling infection by fungal phytopathogens","authors":"Saritha Panthapulakkal Narayanan, A. Alahakoon, C. Elliott, D. Russell, P. Taylor, Clive Lo, M. Chye","doi":"10.1071/CP22347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/CP22347","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Context. Class III acyl-CoA-binding proteins such as those from dicots (Arabidopsis and grapevine) play a role in defence against biotrophic pathogens. The overexpression of the monocot Oryza sativa (rice) OsACBP5 in Arabidopsis and rice has been demonstrated to enhance broad-spectrum disease resistance against selected phytopathogens in OsACBP5-overexpressing (OsACBP5-OE) lines. Aims. We aimed to develop transgenic rapid-cycling Brassica napus (B. napus-RC) and canola cv. Westar OsACBP5-OEs using tissue culture-based Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and to evaluate transgenic plants for resistance against Alternaria blight, blackleg and Sclerotinia rot diseases. Methods. Transgenic B. napus-RC and cv. Westar OsACBP5-OEs were generated through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation using Agrobacterium strain LBA4404 harbouring a plasmid with the rice complementary DNA encoding OsACBP5 driven by the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. Alternaria blight and blackleg pathogen assays were based on infecting young cotyledons, while detached leaf assay was used to test the tolerance of B. napus plants toward Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Key results. Average transformation efficiencies of 24.2% and 29.1% were obtained for B. napus-RC and B. napus cv. Westar cotyledons respectively. OsACBP5-OE plants exhibited resistance 5 days after inoculation with Alternaria brassicae, 12 days after inoculation with Leptosphaeria maculans, and 24 h after inoculation with S. sclerotiorum. Conclusions. Transformation of B. napus-RC was shown herein to be an effective trait testing platform for canola. This study also provides an insight into the usefulness of OsACBP5 in enhancing resistance to necrotrophic phytopathogens. Implications. OsACBP5 can be overexpressed in other crops to generate pathogen-resistant varieties.","PeriodicalId":51237,"journal":{"name":"Crop & Pasture Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43840957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Digital agriculture in Europe and in France: which organisations can boost adoption levels? 欧洲和法国的数字农业:哪些组织可以提高采用率?

IF 1.9 4区农林科学

Crop & Pasture Science Pub Date : 2023-03-28 DOI: 10.1071/CP22065

V. Bellon-Maurel, Isabelle Piot-Lepetit, N. Lachia, B. Tisseyre

{"title":"Digital agriculture in Europe and in France: which organisations can boost adoption levels?","authors":"V. Bellon-Maurel, Isabelle Piot-Lepetit, N. Lachia, B. Tisseyre","doi":"10.1071/CP22065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/CP22065","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper presents the way the digital transformation of the agricultural sector is implemented in Europe and in France. It describes the main European and national strategies, the structure of research and innovation initiatives, and the investment in capacity building to foster innovation, adoption and use. More specifically, the French research and innovation ecosystem on digital agriculture is described. The actors involved come from different organisations, such as research and higher educational institutes, government agencies, agricultural technology (AgTech) companies, farmer unions etc., and work together by means of associations (e.g. Robagri), networks (e.g. RMT Naexus, DigiFermes, Fermes Leader), or living labs (e.g. Occitanum) on both digital technology assessment and co-design. Additionally, support is devoted to capacity building (e.g. Le Mas numérique, Mobilab) and a better understanding of the drivers of adoption and use of digital technologies (e.g. FrOCDA). Among these various organisations, #DigitAg, the Digital Agriculture Convergence Lab, has been created to foster interdisciplinary research on digital agriculture. All these initiatives aim to use digital technologies to support the European Green Deal, Farm-to-Fork and Biodiversity strategies as well as the French orientation towards more agroecological practices for safer and more sustainable food systems. Even though this organisational ecosystem is developing fast, the objective of encouraging the coevolution of both digital and green transformations is not without challenges that still need to be overcome, either through new research, innovations, initiatives or collaborations between the actors involved.","PeriodicalId":51237,"journal":{"name":"Crop & Pasture Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44478692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Light competition is the key factor determining spatio-temporal variability in legume proportion within Marandu palisadegrass–forage peanut mixed pastures 光竞争是决定马兰杜栅栏-饲草-花生混合牧场内豆类比例时空变异的关键因素

IF 1.9 4区农林科学

Crop & Pasture Science Pub Date : 2023-03-21 DOI: 10.1071/CP22134

Paola P. Spasiani, B. Homem, I. G. Lima, B. C. Guimarães, E. Medeiros, J. Muir, M. S. Oliveira, R. Boddey, D. R. Casagrande

{"title":"Light competition is the key factor determining spatio-temporal variability in legume proportion within Marandu palisadegrass–forage peanut mixed pastures","authors":"Paola P. Spasiani, B. Homem, I. G. Lima, B. C. Guimarães, E. Medeiros, J. Muir, M. S. Oliveira, R. Boddey, D. R. Casagrande","doi":"10.1071/CP22134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/CP22134","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Context. Understanding ecology in grass–legume pastures can help support strategies aimed at maintaining canopy stability in terms of botanical composition. Aims. This 2-year study evaluated spatial variability, focusing on plant structural characteristics in a Marandu palisadegrass [Urochloa brizantha (Hochst. Ex A. Rich.) R.D. Webster cv. Marandu]–forage peanut (Arachis pintoi Krapov. and W.C. Greg. cv. BRS Mandobi) mixed canopy under grazing in continuous stocking management. Methods. The pasture was managed with canopy height of 20–25 cm. The experimental area had a permanent sample grid containing 50 pre-established and georeferenced plots. Principal component analysis was performed, and spatial dependence structure of the first principal component and structural variables were separately characterised by geostatistical analysis. Key results. There was spatial dependence of the structural characteristics, with marked spatial heterogeneity in the distribution of all variables. Taller grass canopies caused competition for light between species, reducing legume contribution and inducing more erect forage peanut growth habit. Conversely, in areas with lower grass canopy height, forage peanut botanical composition increased to up to 70%, as it propagated more effectively by stoloniferous propagation. Conclusions. The canopy structure spatial variability of a Marandu palisadegrass–forage peanut mixed pasture determines the overall average pasture grass/legume proportion. In regions with taller canopies, Marandu palisadegrass was favoured, while in areas with shorter canopy, forage peanut proportion was promoted. Satisfactory legume proportions can be reached in the canopy despite areas with reduced legume contribution. Implications. Our findings using geostatistical techniques facilitate the development of useful and innovative tools allowing better comprehension for the management of mixed pastures.","PeriodicalId":51237,"journal":{"name":"Crop & Pasture Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45260118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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