Western Journal of Applied Forestry最新文献_第3页

Field Note: Seed Viability and Female Cone Characteristics of Mature Knobcone Pine Trees 田间笔记:成熟红松种子活力和雌球果特性

Western Journal of Applied Forestry Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.5849/WJAF.11-046

D. Fry, S. Stephens

引用次数: 4

Density Effects on Giant Sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum) Growth Through 22 Years: Implications for Restoration and Plantation Management 22年来密度对巨红杉生长的影响:对恢复和人工林管理的启示

Western Journal of Applied Forestry Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.5849/WJAF.12-017

R. York, K. O’Hara, J. Battles

{"title":"Density Effects on Giant Sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum) Growth Through 22 Years: Implications for Restoration and Plantation Management","authors":"R. York, K. O’Hara, J. Battles","doi":"10.5849/WJAF.12-017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/WJAF.12-017","url":null,"abstract":"vary distinctly between species and growth parameters, providing specific insights for predictions of competitive effects and corresponding management implications. We, therefore, focus on measuring the nature of the development of the density-growth relationships over time, an approach possible in this case because of the frequency and precision of measurements at regular intervals during stand development. Methods Study Site Blodgett Forest Research Station (BFRS) is located on the western slope of the Sierra Nevada mountain range in California (38°52 N; 120°40 W). The study is within BFRS at an elevation of 1,320 m. The climate is Mediterranean with dry, warm summers (14–17° C) and mild winters (0–9° C). Annual precipitation averages 166 cm, most of it coming from rainfall during fall and spring months, while snowfall ( 35% of total precipitation) typically occurs between December and March. Before fire suppression (ca. 1890), the median point fire interval in the area was 9–15 years (Stephens and Collins 2004). The soil developed from andesitic lahar parent material. Soils are productive, with heights of mature codominant trees at BFRS typically reaching 31 m in 50 years. Vegetation at BFRS is dominated by a mixed conifer forest type, composed of variable proportions of five coniferous and one hardwood tree species (Tappeiner 1980). Giant sequoia is not among the five native conifer species present. BFRS is, however, approximately 16 km south of the northernmost native grove. The topography, soils, and climate of the study area are similar to the conditions found in native groves, although total precipitation at BFRS tends to be greater than in the southern Sierra Nevada where the majority of native groves occur. As within native groves, giant sequoia grows well in the study area, outgrowing all associated species through at least year 7 in planted canopy openings (Peracca and O’Hara 2008, York et al. 2004, 2011). In plantation settings throughout the Sierra Nevada, giant sequoias outgrow other conifer species through 3 decades after planting where soil productivity is high (Kitzmiller and Lunak 2012). Where it has been planted in Europe, it also typically outgrows other conifers (Knigge 1992). Study Design and Analysis for Height and Stem Diameter Seedlings were planted in 1989 at nine levels of density ranging from 2.1to 6.1-m hexagonal spacing between seedlings. To ensure that a tree was growing at each planting location, seedlings were initially double-planted, with the less vigorous seedling of the pair removed after 2 years. Treatments were applied across 0.08to 0.2-ha plots, depending on planting density (i.e., wider spacings required larger plots). Competing vegetation was removed periodically to control for any variation in resource availability not due to gradients in giant sequoia density (e.g., West and Osler 1995). Treatments were installed with a randomized block design (Figure 1), with each treatment randomly assigned once with","PeriodicalId":51220,"journal":{"name":"Western Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"28 1","pages":"30-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/WJAF.12-017","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70979629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 26

Comparing Aerial Detection and Photo Interpretation for Conducting Forest Health Surveys 比较航空探测和照片解译在森林健康调查中的应用

Western Journal of Applied Forestry Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.5849/WJAF.12-010

Justin C. Backsen, B. Howell

引用次数: 15

Stand Density Index Estimates Leaf Area Index in Uneven-Aged Ponderosa Pine Stands 林分密度指数估算非均匀年龄黄松林分叶面积指数

Western Journal of Applied Forestry Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.5849/WJAF.12-004

Seth A. Ex, F. Smith

引用次数: 4

Simulating the Effects of Forest Management on Stream Shade in Central Idaho 模拟爱达荷州中部森林管理对溪流遮荫的影响

Western Journal of Applied Forestry Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.5849/WJAF.11-037

M. Teply, Dale J. McGreer

引用次数: 2

A density management diagram for even-aged Sierra Nevada mixed-conifer stands 内华达山脉混合针叶林的密度管理图

Western Journal of Applied Forestry Pub Date : 2012-10-01 DOI: 10.5849/WJAF.11-036

J. Long, J. Shaw

引用次数: 18

Growth of Giant Sequoia Compared to Ponderosa Pine and Other Mixed-Conifers in California Plantations 加州人工林中巨红杉与黄松及其他混种针叶树的生长比较

Western Journal of Applied Forestry Pub Date : 2012-10-01 DOI: 10.5849/WJAF.11-029

Jay J. Kitzmiller, G. Lunak

{"title":"Growth of Giant Sequoia Compared to Ponderosa Pine and Other Mixed-Conifers in California Plantations","authors":"Jay J. Kitzmiller, G. Lunak","doi":"10.5849/WJAF.11-029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/WJAF.11-029","url":null,"abstract":"Giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum, SEGI) is a Sierra Nevada conifer famous for its supreme size, longevity, decay resistance, and visual appeal. A restricted natural range endangers SEGI to catastrophic wildfire and adverse climate change. Conservation aims to protect and restore extant native groves and to create new groves in promising forest environments. SEGI was compared to the best local conifer, usually ponderosa pine (PIPO), planted on 107 productive sites along western slopes of the Sierra Nevada and southern Cascades. SEGI had greater or similar ht and dbh as PIPO in more than 90% of the plantations. Best development and growth superiority of SEGI occurred in the southern latitudes (< 38.6° lat.), on high quality sites, and middle slopes with southwest aspects at low stand densities. SEGI increased in dbh superiority over PIPO linearly with stand age. On the southern latitude high quality sites, SEGI averaged 2.6 m taller and 22 cm larger in dbh than PIPO at age 50. SEGI incurred greater loss in dbh (compared to PIPO) from higher stand densities on southeastern aspects and high sites. Site elevation did not affect species comparisons. Warmer temperatures and higher precipitation differentially favored dbh of SEGI.","PeriodicalId":51220,"journal":{"name":"Western Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"13 14 1","pages":"196-204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/WJAF.11-029","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70979241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Riparian tree growth response to drought and altered streamflow along the dolores river, colorado 沿科罗拉多多洛雷斯河河岸树木生长对干旱和改变的水流的反应

Western Journal of Applied Forestry Pub Date : 2012-10-01 DOI: 10.5849/WJAF.12-001

Adam P. Coble, T. Kolb

引用次数: 14

Conifer Crown Fuel Modeling: Current Limits and Potential for Improvement 针叶树冠燃料建模:目前的限制和改进的潜力

Western Journal of Applied Forestry Pub Date : 2012-10-01 DOI: 10.5849/WJAF.11-039

David L. R. Affleck, Christopher R. Keyes, John M. Goodburn

{"title":"Conifer Crown Fuel Modeling: Current Limits and Potential for Improvement","authors":"David L. R. Affleck, Christopher R. Keyes, John M. Goodburn","doi":"10.5849/WJAF.11-039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/WJAF.11-039","url":null,"abstract":"Research from the wildland fire community during the past decade has targeted this area of decision support for advancement (e.g., Scott and Reinhardt 2001, Cruz et al. 2003, Keane et al. 2005). The need for better stand-level estimates of CBH and CBD prompted plot-scale intensive deconstruction of tree crowns of five western species (Reinhardt et al. 2006). That work resulted in the development of correlative relationships (Keane et al. 2005) and presumably better decision support tools (Scott and Reinhardt 2005) for managers assigning values for those parameters in fire and fuels planning software. Based on this and earlier work, crown fuel attributes are now calculated by managers with few exceptions via single-tree allometries applied to standard forest inventory plot data, most typically by using the Fire and Fuels Extension of the Forest Vegetation Simulator (FVS-FFE; Reinhardt and Crookston 2003). Yet, the intensive methodology applied by Reinhardt et al. (2006) did not permit analysis of crown and canopy features for stands of varying structures or treatment histories. Major weaknesses were exposed in employing FVS-FFE’s existing CBD and CBH algorithms in the Black Hills of South Dakota (Keyser and Smith 2010). Keyser and Smith demonstrated clearly that better models of crown fuels that include more accurate representations of vertical structure and that accommodate variations in local site and stand conditions (e.g., density and structure) are needed. Similarly, using Keyser and Smith’s Black Hills data, Cruz and Alexander (2012) found that, whereas the stand-level CBH and canopy fuel load models of Cruz et al. (2003) performed reasonably well, alternative approaches were needed to estimate CBD. Overall, it is apparent that improved models of crown and canopy characteristics are needed. These models would enable managers to more efficiently plan fuels treatments and evaluate their impacts on potential fire behavior at the project level. More recently developed mechanistic models of fire spread, such as the Wildland Urban Interface Fire Dynamics Simulator (WFDS; Mell et al. 2009) and FIRETEC (Linn et al. 2002), also require detailed characterizations of crown fuels. Linn et al. (2005) and Mell et al. (2009) applied these physics-based models of fire spread to stands simulated using geometric models of crown volume (e.g., parabolic and conic forms) and simplified models of crown bulk density; both studies found that simulated fire behavior was sensitive to crown and canopy characteristics. Adopting a more complex model of crown structure capable of describing withinand amongtree heterogeneity, Parsons et al. (2011) clearly demonstrated that the characterization of crown fuels could materially alter the simulated fire behavior in these systems. Looking beyond static models of crown fuels, silvicultural treatment effects on fuel characteristics have been simulated but not observed. In a rare study of temporal changes to crown fuel characteri","PeriodicalId":51220,"journal":{"name":"Western Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"27 1","pages":"165-169"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/WJAF.11-039","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70979770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 21

Effectiveness of Vehicle Washing and Roadside Sanitation in Decreasing Spread Potential of Port-Orford-Cedar Root Disease 车辆清洗与道路卫生对降低柏根病传播潜力的效果

Western Journal of Applied Forestry Pub Date : 2012-10-01 DOI: 10.5849/WJAF.11-011

D. J. Goheen, K. Mallams, F. Betlejewski, E. Hansen

{"title":"Effectiveness of Vehicle Washing and Roadside Sanitation in Decreasing Spread Potential of Port-Orford-Cedar Root Disease","authors":"D. J. Goheen, K. Mallams, F. Betlejewski, E. Hansen","doi":"10.5849/WJAF.11-011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/WJAF.11-011","url":null,"abstract":"Two techniques widely recommended for managing Port-Orford-cedar root disease (caused by the introduced pathogen Phytophthora lateralis) are vehicle washing and roadside sanitation. However, their effectiveness has never been tested using a sample-based approach. Vehicle washing effectiveness was evaluated using Port-Orford-cedar seedling baits and a double-washing method. Washing with water can significantly reduce the amount of inoculum adhering to vehicles and boots. Effectiveness of roadside sanitation, the creation of zones along roads with few or no living Port-Orford-cedar hosts, was monitored using seedling baits for up to 12 years along ten infested roadsides that received operational treatments and for 8 years along four that did not. Sanitation treatments greatly reduced the amount of inoculum over time. Inoculum decline became most substantial in years 4 to 12 after treatment, suggesting that this treatment would be most useful in long-term strategies on roads used for many activities rather than in the short-term. Implementation monitoring of 17 roads that were sanitized by contract crews demonstrated that contractors were very thorough in removing all Port-Orford-cedars that met contract specifications. Vehicle washing and sanitation treatments reduce the likelihood of P. lateralis spread and are appropriate for use with other techniques in disease management strategies.","PeriodicalId":51220,"journal":{"name":"Western Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"27 1","pages":"170-175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/WJAF.11-011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70979031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10