Western Journal of Applied Forestry最新文献

Field Note: Snow Damage Patterns in Maturing Mixed-Species Plantations of the Sierra Nevada 野外笔记:内华达山脉成熟混合树种人工林的雪害模式

Western Journal of Applied Forestry Pub Date : 2013-10-01 DOI: 10.5849/WJAF.13-003

R. York, R. Devries

引用次数: 5

Productivity and soil properties 45 years after timber harvest and mechanical site preparation in western Montana 蒙大拿州西部木材采伐和机械场地准备后45年的生产力和土壤性质

Western Journal of Applied Forestry Pub Date : 2013-10-01 DOI: 10.5849/WJAF.12-013

Luke M. Cerise, D. Page-Dumroese, P. McDaniel, C. Mayn, R. Heinse

{"title":"Productivity and soil properties 45 years after timber harvest and mechanical site preparation in western Montana","authors":"Luke M. Cerise, D. Page-Dumroese, P. McDaniel, C. Mayn, R. Heinse","doi":"10.5849/WJAF.12-013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/WJAF.12-013","url":null,"abstract":"Site preparation following timber harvests is widely used to increase seedling establishment postharvest. Historically, dozer piling and ripping were the most common forms of site preparation in the Intermountain West. Less commonly, terracing of hill slopes was another form of site preparation on the Bitterroot National Forest in western Montana from 1961–1970 on marginally productive lands. Our objective was to compare soil physical and chemical propertie sa s well as timber productivity as evidenced by diameter-at-breast height (dbh) between terraced and standard-site preparation methods as well as unharvested stands. We collected and analyzed soil samples for bulk density, mineral cations, total C, total N, organic matter, particle size, and pH, forest floor measurements, tree dbh, and ground cover. Even after 45 years, visual soil disturbance in site-prepared stands was still observable with a majority of sites having some degree of compaction or rutting damage. Many soil chemical and physical properties were not significantly different among the two site treatments and the unharvested control stands. However, soil organic matter was significantly lower in the terraced and standard site-prepared stands than in the unharvested stands. Ponderosa pine dbh was greater in the terraced stands than in the nonterraced stands, but understory species diversity was low. The loss of surface soil organic matter and understory species associated with both forms of site preparation is a concern for future forest management. Leaving forest residue during harvest operations, limiting travel routes during management operations, and minimizing forest floor displacement may allow for limited soil impacts on future site-prepared stands.","PeriodicalId":51220,"journal":{"name":"Western Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"28 1","pages":"158-165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/WJAF.12-013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70979609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Efficacy of Two Bole-Injected Systemic Insecticides for Protecting Douglas-Fir From Damage by Douglas-Fir Tussock Moth and Fir Coneworm 两种孔内注射系统杀虫剂对道格拉斯杉木丛蛾和杉木锥虫危害的防护效果

Western Journal of Applied Forestry Pub Date : 2013-10-01 DOI: 10.5849/WJAF.13-002

S. Cook, Benjamin D. Sloniker, M. Rust

引用次数: 4

Field note: emamectin benzoate reduces defoliation by Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) on three host species. 野外笔记:苯甲酸埃维菌素可减少西纹毛线虫对三种寄主物种的落叶。

Western Journal of Applied Forestry Pub Date : 2013-10-01 DOI: 10.5849/WJAF.12-036

J. Fidgen, Neal T. Kittelson, T. Eckberg, Joseph J. Doccola, C. Randall

引用次数: 5

An Economic Assessment of Mountain Pine Beetle Timber Salvage in the West 西部山松甲虫木材回收的经济评价

Western Journal of Applied Forestry Pub Date : 2013-10-01 DOI: 10.5849/WJAF.12-032

J. Prestemon, K. Abt, K. Potter, F. Koch

{"title":"An Economic Assessment of Mountain Pine Beetle Timber Salvage in the West","authors":"J. Prestemon, K. Abt, K. Potter, F. Koch","doi":"10.5849/WJAF.12-032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/WJAF.12-032","url":null,"abstract":"reduction treatments in the West (Barbour et al. 2008), to quantify the jobs and biomass production impacts of these treatments (Abt et al. 2011), and to evaluate whether wildfire hazard reduction treatments yield overall net benefits on timberlands of the West (Prestemon et al. 2012). Model The EBR model is a multiyear two-stage goal and spatial equilibrium program, and it was modified for this study to model the economic feasibility of salvage of dead timber on public and private lands in the West. Although details of the model, including its mathematical formulation, are provided in Prestemon et al. (2008, 2012), describing the modeling framework is important for understanding the current study. EBR can be run for a single year or multiple years, treating timberland (salvaging standing dead trees, in this study) each year according to a predefined set of objectives. After each simulated year, timber inventory data are updated, with the transition to the next year defined by stand growth, new mortality available for salvage, and the volumes removed in the previous year’s solution. The first stage of this revised version of the EBR model is a goal program that selects locations in the West to salvage timber by maximizing a goal-weighted sum of salvage volumes, subject to maximum and minimum harvest constraints, a feasible forest product market solution, and an assumed maximum amount of expenditures available to harvest and transport salvage timber to mills. The fundamental unit of information about timber volumes (salvage, nonsalvage) to which the goal weights are applied in the EBR model is the Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) plot. To allow for a reasonably fast solution, plot-level information is summed to a spatial and ownership aggregate. Plot-level information includes the average distance to the nearest five sawmills (which consume sawlogs) and the average distance to the two nearest pulp or pole mills (consuming the smaller diameter portions of trees in the stand). Other variables reported or calculated at the plot level include volumes by product category (merchantable live and dead sawlogs and pulpwood) and tree groups—ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa and P. lambertiana), lodgepole pine (P. contorta), southern pine (especially P. echinata, P. palustris, P. elliottii, P. taeda), other softwood, and hardwood; ownership (national forest, other public, private); LANDFIRE Map Zone (LANDFIRE 2010); the harvest cost for removing live or dead volumes; and, an administration cost of $200/acre for public and $100/acre for private timberland salvage. In this study, we aggregated plot-level information up to the map zone for each ownership group for each of the 12 western states in the contiguous United States. LANDFIRE map zones are generalized geographical units with similar ecological and biophysical characteristics. The 50 United States contain 79 such zones, which span state boundaries. The 12 states in this study contain 29 map zones, alth","PeriodicalId":51220,"journal":{"name":"Western Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"28 1","pages":"143-153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/WJAF.12-032","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70979792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

The Survival of Mountain Pine Beetle in Unpeeled Logs 山松甲虫在未剥皮原木中的生存

Western Journal of Applied Forestry Pub Date : 2013-10-01 DOI: 10.5849/WJAF.11-028

J. Ball, C. A. Taecker

引用次数: 3

Modeling the Transition from Juvenile to Mature Wood Using Modulus of Elasticity in Lodgepole Pine 用弹性模量模拟黑松从幼木到成熟木的过渡

Western Journal of Applied Forestry Pub Date : 2013-10-01 DOI: 10.5849/WJAF.12-026

Mingliang Wang, J. D. Stewart

引用次数: 9

Management, Morphological, and Environmental Factors Influencing Douglas-Fir Bark Furrows in the Oregon Coast Range 俄勒冈海岸山脉道格拉斯冷杉树皮沟的管理、形态和环境因素影响

Western Journal of Applied Forestry Pub Date : 2013-07-01 DOI: 10.5849/WJAF.12-011

C. D. Sheridan, K. Puettmann, M. Huso, J. Hagar, K. Falk

{"title":"Management, Morphological, and Environmental Factors Influencing Douglas-Fir Bark Furrows in the Oregon Coast Range","authors":"C. D. Sheridan, K. Puettmann, M. Huso, J. Hagar, K. Falk","doi":"10.5849/WJAF.12-011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/WJAF.12-011","url":null,"abstract":"Many land managers in the Pacific Northwest have the goal of increasing late-successional forest structures. Despite the documented importance of Douglas-fir tree bark structure in forested ecosystems, little is known about factors influencing bark development and how foresters can manage development. This study investigated the relative importance of tree size, growth, environmental factors, and thinning on Douglas-fir bark furrow characteristics in the Oregon Coast Range. Bark furrow depth, area, and bark roughness were measured for Douglas-fir trees in young heavily thinned and unthinned sites and compared to older reference sites. We tested models for relationships between bark furrow response and thinning, tree diameter, diameter growth, and environmental factors. Separately, we compared bark responses measured on trees used by bark-foraging birds with trees with no observed usage. Tree diameter and diameter growth were the most important variables in predicting bark characteristics in young trees. Measured environmental variables were not strongly related to bark characteristics. Bark furrow characteristics in old trees were influenced by tree diameter and surrounding tree densities. Young trees used by bark foragers did not have different bark characteristics than unused trees. Efforts to enhance Douglas-fir bark characteristics should emphasize retention of larger diameter trees’ growth enhancement.","PeriodicalId":51220,"journal":{"name":"Western Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"28 1","pages":"97-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/WJAF.12-011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70979524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Factors influencing height-age relationships and recruitment of ponderosa pine regeneration in Northern Arizona 北亚利桑那州黄松林高龄关系及再生招募的影响因素

Western Journal of Applied Forestry Pub Date : 2013-07-01 DOI: 10.5849/WJAF.12-021

Joshua J. Puhlick, M. M. Moore, A. Weiskittel

引用次数: 9

Lodgepole Pine Bole Wood Density 1 and 11 Years after Felling in Central Montana 中部蒙大拿Lodgepole松树洞木材密度1和砍伐后11年

Western Journal of Applied Forestry Pub Date : 2013-07-01 DOI: 10.5849/WJAF.12-033

Duncan C. Lutes, C. Hardy

{"title":"Lodgepole Pine Bole Wood Density 1 and 11 Years after Felling in Central Montana","authors":"Duncan C. Lutes, C. Hardy","doi":"10.5849/WJAF.12-033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/WJAF.12-033","url":null,"abstract":"Climate Climate data recorded by the Onion Park SNOTEL site within the TCEF were accessed from the National Water and Climate Data Center and summarized for the period 2002–2009. Data prior to 2002 were incomplete. Average summer (April to September) and winter temperatures (October to March) were 8° C and 4° C, respectively. High temperatures during the warmest parts of summer were typically 20° C to 25° C while during the coldest parts of the winter temperatures often fell below 20° C. Average annual precipitation was 83 cm, about evenly split between the two seasons. Field Methods All wood samples in this study were cut from 46 live lodgepole pine trees felled in 1998. Trees were cut in nine groups. Group locations were not selected randomly, rather they were selected in stands across a range of structural characteristics representative of the TCEF (Barrett 1993). Each cutting group consisted of 7–13 felled trees. Trees were selected within each group such that the diameter breast height (dbh) frequency distribution of the sample would be similar to the diameter distribution of the surrounding stand, thus fewer sample trees were felled in stands with more homogeneous stand structure. The boles of felled trees were partitioned into 2-m “logs.” The entire bole was partitioned, thus there was no defined minimum diameter for the logs. Some logs were created by physically segmenting the tree bole with a chainsaw and the remaining boles had the 2-m logs marked using a small saw nick. Each log was given an identifier consisting of concatenated tree tag number and log number with the logs numbered sequentially starting at the base of the bole. The sample trees yielded 390 logs. After initial samples were collected in 1999, a sampling schedule of the remaining logs was created with random logs (without replacement) selected for sampling at 10-year intervals beginning in 2009. All wood samples were collected by cutting a 5–10-cm thick disk perpendicular to the central axis of the sample log using a chainsaw. The samples were cut from the ends of the logs in 1999—less than 10 months after felling—and from the middle of logs in 2009. The decay class of the log was recorded before removing the sample and piece diameter was measured using a flexible d-tape after it had been cut from the log. The 1999 sample included 45 wood samples from 12 trees and the 2009 sample included 25 samples from 16 trees. Two additional assessments were made for logs sampled in 2009: (1) we recorded the position of the log as either in contact with the ground or suspended above the ground by branches, vegetation, etc. and (2) we recorded if one or both of the log ends had been completely cut through (segmented) in 1998. Samples were stored in sealed plastic bags until lab work began. Log decay class was visually assessed using the classification described in Maser et al. (1979) (Table 1). The classification uses a condition criteria assessment of bark, twigs, texture, shape, colo","PeriodicalId":51220,"journal":{"name":"Western Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"28 1","pages":"116-120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/WJAF.12-033","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70979814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3