Vitae最新文献

{"title":"Adición de Carnobacterium maltaromaticum CB1 en chorizo y morcilla empacados al vacío, para inhibir el crecimiento de Listeria monocytogenes","authors":"María Isabel GONZÁLEZ HURTADO, Wan Yien, Jorge Arturo CASTILLON VOELK, Angela María ORTEGA PÉREZ","doi":"10.17533/udea.vitae.10821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.vitae.10821","url":null,"abstract":"Antecedentes: En años recientes la demanda de productos alimenticios percibidos como “naturales” se ha incrementado de manera importante, los cuales no contienen dentro de sus ingredientes conservantes o aditivos de origen químico o artificial. Al retirar de la fórmula estos conservantes/aditivos artificiales se puede generar en el producto un medio ideal de crecimiento de bacterias alterantes o patógenas. Esto es particularmente cierto en productos cárnicos procesados empacados al vacío, donde su alta actividad acuosa, bajo pH y un largo periodo de almacenamiento a condiciones de refrigeración generan un ambiente ideal para el crecimiento de microorganismos patógenos como Listeria monocytogenes. Por tanto, esto genera la necesidad de nuevas y efectivas tecnologías que permitan su control y eliminación. Los Bio-Conservantes (adición de bacterias vivas a los productos cárnicos) ofrecen una solución ideal a este tipo de problemas directamente relacionados con la seguridad alimentaria, y a la vez satisfacen la demanda por parte de los consumidores de productos saludables. Objetivos: Determinar si el cultivo C. maltaromaticum CB1 puede \u0000controlar el crecimiento de una cepa nativa de L. monocytogenes en morcilla y chorizo empacados al vacío (película de baja permeabilidad al oxigeno). Métodos: Tres lotes diferentes de chorizo y morcilla producidos a nivel industrial fueron posteriormente inoculados con una cepa nativa de L. monocytogenes a un nivel de 102 UFC/g junto con el bio-conservante C. maltaromaticum CB1 a un nivel de 103 UFC/g. A los tratamientos denominados como control no se les aplicó el bio-conservante. Después de ser empacados al vacío, los productos fueron almacenados a dos temperaturas diferentes de 4°C (refrigeración) y 8°C (abuso de temperatura) durante 35 días. En intervalos de 7 días se hizo recuentos del crecimiento de la L. monocytogenes utilizando agar Oxford. Resultados: Se obtuvo una reducción significativa (P < 0.05) en los recuentos de L. monocytogenes tanto en la morcilla como en el chorizo tratados con bio-conservante C. maltaromaticum CB1 y almacenados a 4°C y 8°C respectivamente, en comparación con los productos denominados control. Conclusiones: La cepa de C. maltaromaticum CB1 demostró ser efectiva en el control del crecimiento de la cepa nativa de L. monocytogenes en chorizo y morcilla.","PeriodicalId":51213,"journal":{"name":"Vitae","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82672458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the physicochemical, physical and sensory properties of fresh cape gooseberry and vacuum impregnated with physiologically active components","authors":"Ruth F. PEÑA C., Misael Cortés Rodríguez, Olga Inés Montoya Campuzano","doi":"10.17533/udea.vitae.11628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.vitae.11628","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Functional Foods are considered nowadays by consumers as the range of foods of major interest. Objectives: The aim of the present work was the evaluation of color, texture and sensorial properties of fresh Cape Gooseberry (FG) and vacuum impregnated Cape Gooseberry (IG) with calcium and vitamins B9, C, D and E during storage at 4ºC. Methods: Entire cape gooseberries were vacuum impregnated (VI) with tocopherol and cholecalciferol emulsified in aqueous phase with sucrose, ascorbic acid, folic acid, calcium chloride, calcium fumarate, low methoxyl pectin, isolated soy protein, tensoactives and preservatives. The texture was determined from puncture assays, and the color from the CIE Lab coordinates. The sensorial profile was determined with the aid of trained panelists, through a multidimensional approach of characteristic descriptors of general appearance, odor, taste and texture. Results: The instrumental values of color and texture for IG were significantly different from the FG, because are being softer, more elastic, darker, brighter and of less color saturation. The samples of FG and IG presented intense sensorial characteristics in the descriptors orange color, brightness, spherical uniformity, smooth surface, fresh appearance, odor, cape gooseberry characteristic taste and frutal, fleshy texture, juicy, firmness and turgidity. By the effect of VI process the most relevant significant differences were the descriptors orange color, superficial stains, fresh appearance, sweet taste and cape gooseberry characteristic taste, soft texture, firmness and juicy; whereas for the effect of storage time were fresh appearance, dehydrated appearance, peduncle cicatrization, aromatic odor, overripe, cape gooseberry characteristic taste, frutal taste, soft texture, juicy, firmness and turgidity. Conclusions: The VI significantly affects the objective \u0000assessment of color and texture, finding correspondence with the sensorial evaluation; nonetheless, the general quality of the FG presented a greater score than those presented by IG.","PeriodicalId":51213,"journal":{"name":"Vitae","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86667645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Las estaninas: química, técnicas analíticas, biosíntesis y farmacocinética","authors":"I. NIETO-RAMÍREZ, Carolina Chegwin-Angarita, Lucía Atehortúa, Liuda Johana SEPÚLVEDA ARANGO","doi":"10.17533/udea.vitae.11362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.vitae.11362","url":null,"abstract":"Antecedentes: Las estatinas presentan principalmente un efecto hipocolesterolémico, pero asimismo acciones biológicas adicionales, como efecto antiinflamatorio e inmunomodulador, actividad antioxidante, reducción de la incidencia de algunos tipos de cáncer, efectos benéficos en el metabolismo óseo y en el tratamiento de enfermedades neurodegenerativas y el SIDA. Se dividen en dos clases: las estatinas naturales y las sintéticas, las cuales surgen como producto de la necesidad de potencializar el efecto de las primeras. Estas propiedades han impulsado las investigaciones encaminadas a la comprensión de su comportamiento químico y sus propiedades fisicoquímicas, así como la comprensión de la relación entre sus estructuras y las ya mencionadas actividades. Su estudio ha permitido el desarrollo de técnicas analíticas eficientes tanto para su determinación en diferentes matrices, como la optimización de los procesos de extracción, separación, cuantificación y elucidación estructural, así como ahondar en el planteamiento de sus rutas biosintéticas, lo que aportará herramientas para poder intervenir, mediante la biotecnología, en los procesos biosintéticos, buscando el aumento de su producción por un organismo específico. Objetivos: El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar una revisión de la química, biosíntesis, farmacocinética y técnicas analíticas para la determinación de las estatinas con el fin de aportar, de manera rápida, conocimientos a quienes realizan investigaciones sobre estos metabolitos. Métodos: La revisión abarcó los últimos 12 años y se efectuó realizando la selección de aquellas investigaciones más relevantes que permiten conocer la química, las variaciones estructurales, las técnicas analíticas empleadas para la determinación de las estaninas y sus rutas biosintéticas. Asimismo, se pretendió abarcar un conocimiento general de sus acciones biológicas, farmacología y farmacocinética, tópicos estrechamente relacionados con sus diferencias estructurales. Resultados: Se obtiene un panorama general de los principales aspectos para el estudio de las estatinas, permitiendo seleccionar los mejores parámetros de acuerdo con lo requerido por los diferentes investigadores en el área. Conclusiones: La identificación de las estatinas requiere de diferentes procedimientos de extracción y separación, siendo los más empleados la SOE y la HPLC, respectivamente. Sus acciones biológicas están íntimamente relacionadas con su estructura. Los estudios de su toxicidad en mamíferos han demostrado que no hay evidencia de efecto carcinogénico, mutagénico, ni tóxico.","PeriodicalId":51213,"journal":{"name":"Vitae","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90596748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical composition and anti-irritant capacity of whole body extracts of Ulomoides dermestoides (coleoptera, tenebrionidae)","authors":"Dary Luz MENDOZA MEZA, Stephanie SAAVEDRA A.","doi":"10.17533/udea.vitae.10994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.vitae.10994","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In traditional medicine of Central and South America, the tenebrionid beetle Ulomoides dermestoides is used as an a phrodisiac, for the treatment of inflammatory diseases and cancer. Recently was reported cytotoxic and genotoxic properties of non-polar extract of U. dermestoides; also anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity of aqueous whole body extract of beetle was reported, it suggests the existence of components with potential pharmacology use. On the other hand, it is necessary to identify those polar and non-polar extracts of U. dermestoides with anti-irritant properties for the membranes and blood vessels, which will be used in subsequence biological test and clinical assays. Objectives: The purpose of this research was to identify the chemical composition of methanolic and hexanic extracts of U. dermestoides, and to assess their anti-irritant capacity. Methods: The extracts were obtained from adult beetles of U. dermestoides. The chemical composition of the extracts was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and the anti-irritant effect of each extract was evaluated by means of a modified assay of irritation of the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of fertilized chicken eggs (HET-CAM); the \u0000results were expressed as irritation index (IR). Results: Six common compounds were identified in both extracts: limonene, myristic, palmitic, estearic, oleic, and linoleic fatty acids. But in the alone methanolic extract were found: 1-pentadecanol, alpha-pinene, beta-phellandrene and alpha-terpinene, whereas in the \u0000hexanic extract were found: 2-methyl-p-benzoquinone, 2,4-dihidroxy-1-ethylbenzene, 2,5-dimethylquinone, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons and alcohols. The methanolic extract of U. dermestoides showed potential anti-irritant effect in the HET-CAM test (IR = 3.09 ± 0.11), similar to that observed with Nimesulida (IR = 2.05 ± 0.14), a non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used as positive control for irritation inhibition reaction. The hexanic extract did not show anti-irritant capacity. Conclusions: The results demonstrated the anti-irritant effect of the methanolic extracts of U. dermestoides that could be attributed to compounds with anti-inflammatory activity as oleic acid and limonene.","PeriodicalId":51213,"journal":{"name":"Vitae","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79111132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efectividad y seguridad del esquema genérico lamivudina/zidovudina/efavirenz en pacientes VIH (+). Estudio fase IV y comparación con el mismo esquema de medicamentos innovadores","authors":"Francisco Javier GUTIÉRREZ HENAO, Pedro Amariles, Jaime GALINDO QUINTERO, Hector Fabio MUESES MARÍN, Juan Fernando AGUDELO A., J. A. HINCAPIE GARCÍA","doi":"10.17533/udea.vitae.13798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.vitae.13798","url":null,"abstract":"Antecedentes: El fortalecimiento de la política de productos competidores (genéricos) se puede acompañar de interrogantes sobre la calidad y, por tanto, sobre la efectividad de algunos de estos medicamentos. Los estudios fase IV son una opción válida para valorar la efectividad y seguridad de estos medicamentos. Objetivos: Valorar la efectividad y seguridad del esquema genérico Lamivudina/Zidovudina/Efavirenz en pacientes con VIH/SIDA que no han recibido terapia antirretroviral, que son atendidos en un programa de atención integral ambulatoria especializada, y comparar estos resultados con los datos de eficacia y seguridad reportados en un estudio de referencia (que utiliza el mismo esquema de medicamentos innovadores y fue realizado con pacientes con condiciones similares). Métodos: Se realizó un estudio clínico abierto no controlado del tipo fase IV. Se valoró la efectividad (disminución de carga viral en plasma y aumento de linfocitos CD4+) y seguridad (reacciones adversas) del esquema genérico Lamivudina/Zidovudina/Efavirenz durante 12 meses en pacientes mayores de 18 años VIH (+), que no habían recibido terapia antirretroviral y con indicación para recibirla. Los seguimientos clínicos y el seguimiento farmacoterapéutico fueron utilizados como estrategias de valoración y recolección de datos. Los resultados fueron comparados con los resultados reportados en un estudio referencia, contrastando la hipótesis de no inferioridad de dichos resultados. Resultados: El estudio incluyó 47 pacientes, de los cuales 33 estuvieron presentes hasta el final del estudio. Al año de tratamiento, en 28 pacientes (el 85%) la carga viral (valorada por indetectabilidad de las copias de RNAm viral/mL) alcanzó una disminución estadísticamente significativa, mientras que en 30 pacientes (el 91%) el recuento de linfocitos T-CD4+ mayor \u0000a 200 células/mm3 alcanzó un aumento progresivo y estadísticamente significativo. Para la comparación se halló un artículo que cumplió con los criterios definidos y se contrastó la hipótesis de no inferioridad. En comparación con el estudio referencia, las proporciones de pacientes [intervalo de confianza del 95%] que lograron indetectabilidad no fueron estadísticamente diferentes: 0,85 [0,69-0,93] versus 0,90 [0,81-0,93], p = 0,7; similarmente, no se encontró diferencias en el incremento promedio [desviación estándar] de linfocitos CD4+: 179 [142] versus 201 [21], p = 0,08. Tampoco se encontró diferencias notorias en el perfil de seguridad. Conclusiones: El esquema genérico evaluado, Lamivudina/Zidovudina/Efavirenz, \u0000muestra resultados de efectividad no inferiores a los reportados en un estudio de referencia diseñado para valorar el mismo esquema de medicamentos innovadores.","PeriodicalId":51213,"journal":{"name":"Vitae","volume":"171 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88020580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL CARE OF PEOPLE WITH EPILEPSY AT COLOMBIA","authors":"C. Vargas, C. Vacca, Juan B Simbaqueba","doi":"10.17533/udea.vitae.11006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.vitae.11006","url":null,"abstract":"Background: It has been suggested elsewhere that psychosocial factors could have a negative impact on the outcomes of pharmacotherapy of patients with epilepsy. The inclusion of relevant psychosocial factors in Colombiaís context in the pharmaceutical careís methodology would optimize the detection of drug related problems and its solution by the pharmacists, thus improving pharmacotherapy outcomes. Objectives: To explore psychosocial and cultural factors that could be incorporated in the pharmaceutical care of people with epilepsy, and design a survey in order to do so. Methods: The psychosocial factors to be included were first identified using the Delphi method, and were later incorporated in the Colombia-adjusted Daderís pharmaceutical care methodology through a knowledge, attitudes and practices survey. Pilot test was carried out with 21 patients and then the survey was adjusted as necessary. The adjusted survey was applied to 70 epilepsy patients being treated in a specialized institution at Cartagena (Colombia), aged between 15 and 60 years, with at least one month of pharmacological treatment, and without a history of previous epilepsy related surgery. Univariate statistical analysis and Multiple Correspondence Analysis was applied. Results: In the pilot analysis, recurrent needs of knowledge about epilepsy and anticonvulsant treatment were found, and brochures were designed to support educational interventions. The patient's knowledge level about epilepsy and its treatment was acceptable. Correlation between subsidized health insurance and drugs access problems, along with a possible correspondence between stigma feelings and high frequency crisis were found. Conclusions: The survey allowed to explore psychosocial and cultural factors in the framework of pharmaceutical care of people with epilepsy, the detection of drug related problems and to intervene to solve them. These findings are a first approach to the description of psychosocial factors affecting the performance of pharmacological therapy, especially the dynamic of social networks, emotional problems, the maximum educational level and knowledge about epilepsy.","PeriodicalId":51213,"journal":{"name":"Vitae","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83240904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"VALIDATION OF A METHODOLOGY FOR INPATIENT PHARMACOTHERAPY FOLLOW-UP","authors":"Martha Bohorquez, F. MarthaLGUEVARAU.Q.","doi":"10.17533/udea.vitae.11070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.vitae.11070","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pharmacotherapy follow-up is a practice in which the pharmacist assumes responsibility for the patient’s drug-related Problems. Its goal is to achieve positive clinical outcomes. Methods to perform pharmacotherapy follow-up have centered principally on ambulatory patients. Objective: The purpose of this study is to propose and validate a methodology for inpatient pharmacotherapy follow-up. Methods: A systematic review was performed. This consisted in a comprehensive search of databases containing studies published in English or Spanish during 1998 - 2008, and that sought to improve the transfer of accurate information about Pharmacotherapy follow-up in inpatients. The key terms used to conduct the search were identified in consultation with clinical experts and included: Pharmacotherapy follow-up methods, pharmacotherapy follow-up, drug therapy problems, and validation. A comparative table was elaborated to differentiate and evaluate the advantages of each of the proposed methodologies. The information gathered allowed to propose a sequence of general steps for inpatient Pharmacotherapy follow-up. To validate the methodology, a descriptive study was carried out with 32 randomly selected patients and was independently followed up by two pharmacists to assess the reproducibility of the process. Results: Pharmaceutical Care Practice: The Clinician’s Guide, proposed by Cipolle & Strand. Applied Therapeutics: The Clinical Use of Drugs, the DÁDER method, and the IASER program, were selected. 79 drug therapy problems (DTPs) were identified and resolved, where errors in necessity of medication had the highest incidence (46.6%), followed by effectiveness (24.5%) and safety (28.9%). The degree of agreement among researchers in the identification and resolution of DTPs was quantified using the kappa coefficient, showing a high concordance (90% CI). The Fisher’s exact test determined that DTPs are related to the duration of the follow up, number of medications, length of the stay and previous hospitalizations. Conclusions: The methodology allows identifying, preventing and resolving DTPs. It proved to be reproducible and have a high degree of concordance between applications.","PeriodicalId":51213,"journal":{"name":"Vitae","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83300507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BIOTECHNOLOGICAL PRODUCTION OF MICROBIAL LIPASES, A SUSTAINABLE ALTERNATIVE TO THE USE OF AGRO-INDUSTRIAL WASTES","authors":"Angel Emilio Aveces Diez, Laura Margarita Castañeda Sandoval","doi":"10.17533/udea.vitae.14331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.vitae.14331","url":null,"abstract":"Los lípidos son biomoléculas orgánicas ampliamente distribuidas en la biomasa de la tierra, siendo las enzimas denominadas lipolíticas o lipasas las encargadas de la degradación de estas moléculas insolubles en agua. Las lipasas se han estudiado desde hace más de 300 años, sin embargo, su capacidad para catalizar la hidrólisis y sintetizar esteres ha sido reconocida apenas hace 70 años. Este tipo de enzimas revisten de gran importancia en la industria por sus múltiples aplicaciones debido a que llevan a cabo la degradación de sustratos con alto contenido graso así como en reacciones de esterificación en la industria alimenticia, farmacéutica y cosmética. Las lipasas han sido encontradas en muchas especies de animales, plantas y microorganismos. Sin embargo, las lipasas microbianas son mucho más versátiles y presentan características interesantes como estabilidad en solventes orgánicos, actividad bajo diversas condiciones, alta especificidad de sustrato, así como regio y enantio selectividad.","PeriodicalId":51213,"journal":{"name":"Vitae","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75154635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LACTIC ACID PRODUCTION VIA CASSAVA-FLOUR- HYDROLYSATE FERMENTATION","authors":"Joan E. QUINTERO M. Ing., Alejandro ACOSTA C. M.Sc., Carlos MEJÍA G. M.Sc., Rigoberto RÍOS E. Ph.D., Ana M. TORRES L. M.Sc.","doi":"10.17533/udea.vitae.11167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.vitae.11167","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Lactic acid (LA) is a carboxylic acid widely used as preservative, acidulant, and/or flavouring in food industry; it is also used as a raw material for the production of lactate ester, propylene glycol, 2,3-pentanedione, propanoic acid, acrylic acid and acetaldehyde. In recent years, the demand for LA production has dramatically increased due to its application as a monomer for poly-lactic acid synthesis, a biodegradable polymer used as a plastic in many industrial applications. LA can be produced either by fermentation or chemical synthesis; the former route has received considerable interest, due to environmental concerns and the limited nature of petrochemical feedstocks; thus, 90% of LA produced worldwide is obtained by fermentation, this process comprises the bioconversion of a sugar solution (carbohydrates) into LA in the presence of a microorganism. Objectives: This work is aimed at studying the effect of pH control and culture media composition on the LA production using renewable sources from the agroindustry sector. Methods: A Lactobacillus brevis strain is used to perform lab scale experiments under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, using three different culture media compositions: a high nutritional content medium (MRS), as a reference, a low nutritional content medium with glucose as the only carbon source (GM), and a potential low nutritional content medium with cassava flour as carbon source (HY1). Results: The higher LA production is accomplished under anaerobic conditions, 17.6 ± 0.1, 12.6 ± 0.2 y 13.6 ± 0.2 g LA/L, for MRS, GM and HY1 medium, respectively. The effect of pH on LA biosynthesis in a 5L bioreactor is also studied using the HY1 medium. For a fermentation time of 120 h, the highest LA concentration obtained was 24.3 ± 0.7g LA/L, productivity 0.20 g/L/h, YP/S 0.32g LA/g syrup, at pH 6.5. Conclusions: These results are comparable with those using expensive carbon sources such as glucose, and show cassava flour as a promising low-cost substrate source for lab and eventually large scale LA biosynthesis.","PeriodicalId":51213,"journal":{"name":"Vitae","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88167320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EVALUATION OF THE INDUCTION OF LIPOLYTIC ENZYMES FROM A Pseudomona aeruginosa ISOLATED FROM AFRICAN PALM FRUIT (Elaeis guineensis)","authors":"Yomaira L. Uscátegui, C. Jimenez-junca, Camilo Suárez, E. Prieto-Correa","doi":"10.17533/udea.vitae.10860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.vitae.10860","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Extracellular lipases are found in the culture broth when the fermentation is at the end of the exponential phase. Lipases can be induced easily since they are produced by the presence of oily sources or other materials as surfactants, fatty acids, some esters, glycerol and biliary salts. Objective: The aim of this work is to study the effect of carbon source concentration and the use of inductors on biomass production, and the lipolytic activity of a bacterium isolated from mature palm oil fruits. Methods: The yield biomass/substrate was evaluated with glucose as carbon source at different concentrations (3, 5, 7, 10, 15 y 20 g/L) by dry weight and OD (600 nm). Lipolytic activity was evaluated by spectrophotometric assay using p-nitrofenilpalmitate at 37°C for 15 min. Results: Gram negative microorganisms with lipolytic activity isolated from palm fruit were identified as Pseudomona aeruginosa. The growth of the bacteria was inhibited when glucose was used at concentrations greater than 5%. The production of lipase was induced by using three inducers (Palm oil, Tween 20 and palm oil:Tween 20 mixture), at three different induction times (0, 11 and 18 hours of fermentation). The highest activity (3,81 µmoles/ mL*min) was observed when the palm oil:Tween 20 mixture was added at 11 hours of fermentation. The kinetic of p-nitrophenylpalmitate hydrolysis using the supernatant of a culture induced with palm oil:Tween 20 mixture at 11 hours showed the production of p-nitrophenol beyond 300 minutes, with the greatest hydrolysis rate during the first 7 minutes. Conclusions: The growth of P. aeruginosa was not affected by using glucose as carbon source at concentrations of 3% and 5%. There was a basal level of lipase production without inducer, and greater lipolytic activity was achieved with the addition of inducers.","PeriodicalId":51213,"journal":{"name":"Vitae","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78378148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}