Al-Jami'ah: Journal of Islamic Studies最新文献

{"title":"The Ottoman Measures to Prevent Attacks on the Hejaz Railway, 1908-1911: The Ottoman Archives as a Source","authors":"Asmahan Mastafa Tawfik Khalil Ahmed","doi":"10.14421/ajis.2023.611.239-266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14421/ajis.2023.611.239-266","url":null,"abstract":"This study discusses the “Hamidiyah Hijazi Railway”, established by the Ottoman Empire to support Islamic politics worldwide. The importance of this study lies in its discussion, which focuses on a fragment of the glorious period of Islamic history that provided extraordinary services for Hajj pilgrims at that time. The Hijaz railway line was one of the most significant achievements of the Ottoman Empire and proved their intensive efforts in handling this matter as a religious matter. This study relies primarily on the Ottoman documents from 1908-1911, deposited in the Presidency of the Republic of Turkey Directorate of State Archives in Istanbul. This article focuses on the steps taken by the Ottoman Empire in securing the Hijaz railway from attacks by Bedouin tribes and maintaining its religious reputation concerning the safe journey of Hajj pilgrims via the railway. The author argues that the measures the Ottoman Empire took were ineffective in preventing these attacks. The Ottoman Empire secured the railway line by entrusting it to the sheikhs of the local tribes and holding celebrations for the development of the line. With this celebration, the Ottoman Empire wanted to show the importance of developing the Hijaz railway to unite Muslims under their flag and strengthen the Ummah movement in the spirit of Islamic unity in the confrontation with Western countries. [Studi ini membahas “Jalur Kereta Api Hamidiyah Hijaz”, yang dibangun Kesultanan Turki Uthmani untuk mendukung perpolitikan Islam di dunia. Pentingnya studi ini terletak pada pembahasannya yang berfokus pada satu penggal periode kejayaan sejarah Islam, yang memberikan layanan luar biasa untuk para jamaah haji pada masa itu. Jalur kereta api Hijaz ini dipandang sebagai salah satu capaian Islam yang paling signifikan dan menjadi bukti adanya upaya intensif Kesultanan Uthmaniyah dalam menangani urusan keagamaan ini. keuntungan. Studi ini terutama mengandalkan dokumen resmi Pemerintah Turki dari tahun 1908-1911, yang disimpan di Direktorat Arsip Kepresidenan Turki di Istanbul. Tulisan ini mengambil fokus pada langkah-langkah yang diambil Kesultanan Uthmaniyah dalam mengamankan di jalur kereta api Hijaz dari serangan suku-suku Badui dan menjaga reputasi keagamaannya terkait dengan keselamatan perjalanan jamaah haji melalui jalur kereta api. Penulis berargumentasi bahwa langkah-langkah yang diambil oleh Kesultanan Uthmaniyah tidak efektif dalam mencegah serangan-serangan tersebut. Kesultanan Uthmaniyah mengamankan jalur kereta api dengan mempercayakannya kepada para syaikh dari suku-suku lokal dan menyelenggarakan perayaan-perayaan atas pembangunan jalur kereta. Dengan perayaan ini, Kesultanan Uthmaniyah ingin menunjukkan pentingnya pembangunan jalur kereta api Hijaz dalam menyatukan umat Islam di bawah benderanya dan memperkuat gerakan ummat di bawah semangat kesatuan Islam dalam menghadapi negara-negara Barat.]","PeriodicalId":511888,"journal":{"name":"Al-Jami'ah: Journal of Islamic Studies","volume":"4 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139523878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards an Interreligious Fiqh: A Study of the Culture-Based Religious Tolerance in the Kaloran Community, Central Java, Indonesia","authors":"Ali Sodiqin, Roehana Rofaidatun Umroh","doi":"10.14421/ajis.2023.611.159-180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14421/ajis.2023.611.159-180","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores local wisdom in Kaloran, Temanggung, Central Java, Indonesia, with its religious diversity that influences the understanding and practice of their religiosity. The people’s local wisdom is agama ageming aji and sing penting brayan, which becomes the basis for building religious tolerance. It raises the question of how people interpret this philosophy as a guideline for building religious tolerance. What is the dialectic pattern of religion and culture practised by Kaloran Muslims? What is the form of implementation of inter-religious fiqh that manifests religious tolerance? The researchers argue that religion for the Kaloran people is like ageman (clothing), so choosing a religion is an individual’s freedom and rights that somebody must respect. The ultimate purpose of religion is to build social harmony (brayan). In addition, the pattern of religious and cultural dialectics practised by the Muslim Kaloran is in the form of desacralisation and culturalization of religious teachings. The pattern, in turn, encourages the rise of such kind of inter-religious fiqh built by placing religion as a private matter and must go hand in hand with culture as a medium for building tolerance. The Muslim community integrated religion and culture through desacralisation and culturalization.[Tulisan ini membahas kearifan lokal masyarakat Kaloran, Temanggung, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia, dengan keragaman keagamaannya yang mempengaruhi pemahaman dan praktik keberagamaan masyarakat. Mereka memiliki kearifan lokal berupa agama ageming aji dan sing penting brayan sebagai dasar membangun toleransi beragama. Hal ini menimbulkan pertanyaan bagaimana masyarakat memaknai falsafah tersebut sebagai pedoman dalam membangun toleransi beragama? Bagaimana pola dialektika agama dan budaya yang dipraktikkan Muslim Kaloran? Bagaimana bentuk implementasi fikih antar agama yang merupakan perwujudan dari toleransi beragama? Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa agama bagi masyarakat Kaloran diibaratkan sebagai ageman (pakaian), sehingga memilih agama adalah kebebasan dan hak individu yang harus dihormati. Tujuan beragama adalah untuk membangun harmoni sosial (brayan). Dengan pemahaman seperti itu, pola dialektika agama dan budaya yang dipraktikkan oleh masyarakat Kaloran berupa desakralisasi dan kulturalisasi ajaran agama terhadap budaya. Pola ini kemudian mendorong munculnya konstruksi fikih antar agama yang dibangun dengan menempatkan agama dalam wilayah privat yang harus berjalan beriringan dengan budaya sebagai media membangun toleransi. Agama dan budaya diintegrasikan melalui pola desakralisasi dan kulturalisasi.","PeriodicalId":511888,"journal":{"name":"Al-Jami'ah: Journal of Islamic Studies","volume":"17 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139609756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Push-Pull Factors Affecting Iranian Jews’ Emigration to Palestine, 1925-1954: A Social History Approach","authors":"Javad Mousavi Dalini, Arash Yousefi","doi":"10.14421/ajis.2023.611.181-208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14421/ajis.2023.611.181-208","url":null,"abstract":"One of the controversial issues in the twentieth century was the mass immigration of Jews around the world to Palestine/Israel. For the majority of Jews who immigrated from Europe to Palestine/Israel, immigration represented an ideological paradigm constituted by two significant factors, namely race/religion and land. However, for the large proportion of Jews coming from eastern territories, such as Iranian Jews, immigration was mainly a phenomenon affected by conflicts between socio-economic conditions in their countries of origin and those in the destination. The purpose of this study is to investigate the emigration of Iranian Jews to Palestine by relying on a pull-push framework. The study argues that socio-economic turmoil in Iran and the unfavourable economic conditions affecting Jews, along with discrimination against them, were the push factors in their country of origin. Meanwhile, the pull factors in the destination were Palestine’s economic attractiveness, Jews’ need for an increasing Jewish population in Palestine to deal with Arab nations’ sanctions, and the importance of employing an incoming workforce to handle the country’s domestic problems in terms of economy, agriculture, and materials management in the first six years after the establishment of the Israel state.[Salah satu isu kontroversial di abad kedua puluh adalah imigrasi massal orang-orang Yahudi di seluruh dunia ke Palestina/Israel. Bagi mayoritas orang Yahudi yang berimigrasi dari Eropa ke Palestina/Israel, imigrasi mewakili paradigma ideologis yang dibentuk oleh dua faktor penting, yaitu ras/agama dan tanah. Namun, bagi sebagian besar orang Yahudi yang datang dari wilayah timur, seperti orang Yahudi Iran, imigrasi terutama merupakan fenomena yang dipengaruhi oleh kesenjangan antara kondisi sosial ekonomi di negara asal dan negara tujuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui emigrasi Yahudi Iran ke Palestina berdasarkan faktor-faktor pendorong-penariknya. Penulis berpendapat bahwa gejolak sosial-ekonomi di Iran dan kondisi ekonomi yang tidak menguntungkan orang-orang Yahudi, serta diskriminasi terhadap mereka, merupakan faktor pendorong di negara asal mereka. Sementara itu, faktor penarik dari destinasinya adalah daya tarik ekonomi Israel, kebutuhan masyarakat Yahudi akan peningkatan populasi Yahudi di Israel untuk menghadapi sanksi negara-negara Arab, dan pentingnya menambah tenaga kerja baru untuk menangani permasalahan domestik negara tersebut dari segi perekonomian. pertanian, dan pengelolaan material dalam enam tahun pertama setelah berdirinya negara Israel.]","PeriodicalId":511888,"journal":{"name":"Al-Jami'ah: Journal of Islamic Studies","volume":"15 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139609692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-Hospital Death and the Change of the Grave Trajectory: The Cosmological Meanings of Sadness in Moroccan Context during the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Hougua Ben Ahmed, Idrissi Khaoulani Fatima, Bichraden Hasna","doi":"10.14421/ajis.2023.611.209-238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14421/ajis.2023.611.209-238","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the institutional changes and topographical landmarks within which the incident of death took place in the Moroccan context by focusing on the topic of in-hospital death during the COVID-19 pandemic. The complicated aspects surrounding the death arise from the process of medicalization, burial, and mourning among the relatives of the deceased. Methodologically, the research is based on a grounded phenomenological analysis of the experiences of relatives (50 participants) who lost their deaths in the first wave of the pandemic in four Moroccan cities: Rabat, Kenitra, Fez, and Missour. The study concludes that the negative attitude of Moroccans towards in-hospital death does not stem from the fragility of health services or the characteristics of loneliness and isolation, as revealed by Norbert Elias’s sociology. However, it closely links to the anthropological factors that construct the personal concept in the Moroccan context as a knot of relationships and looks at the body in its social, cultural and cosmological extensions.[Penelitian ini mengkaji perubahan institusional dan landmark topografis tempat terjadinya kematian dalam konteks masyarakat Maroko dengan fokus kematian di rumah sakit selama pandemi COVID-19. Aspek rumit kematian muncul selama proses penanganan medis, penguburan, dan perkabungan di antara kerabat almarhum. Secara metodologis, penelitian ini didasarkan pada analisis fenomenologis terhadap pengalaman 50 orang dari keluarga orang yang meninggal pada gelombang pertama pandemi COVID-19 di empat kota di Maroko: Rabat, Kenitra, Fez, dan Missour. Tulisan ini menyimpulkan bahwa sikap negatif masyarakat Maroko terhadap kematian di rumah sakit tidak berasal dari buruknya layanan kesehatan atau pun dari dampak isolasi dan rasa kesepian yang khas, seperti yang diungkapkan sosiologi Norbert Elias. Namun, sikap negatif tersebut erat terkait dengan faktor antropologis yang mengkonstruksi konsep personal dalam konteks masyarakat Maroko yang menjadi simpul hubungan sosial dan pandangan terhadap jasad dalam konteks sosial, budaya, dan kosmologi.]","PeriodicalId":511888,"journal":{"name":"Al-Jami'ah: Journal of Islamic Studies","volume":"5 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139609948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}