探索影响伊朗犹太人移居巴勒斯坦的推拉因素,1925-1954 年:社会史方法

Javad Mousavi Dalini, Arash Yousefi
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引用次数: 0

摘要

二十世纪最具争议的问题之一是世界各地的犹太人大规模移民到巴勒斯坦/以色列。对于大多数从欧洲移民到巴勒斯坦/以色列的犹太人来说,移民代表了一种意识形态范式,由两个重要因素构成,即种族/宗教和土地。然而,对于大部分来自东部地区的犹太人(如伊朗犹太人)来说,移民主要是一种受原籍国和目的地国社会经济条件冲突影响的现象。本研究的目的是通过拉动-推动框架调查伊朗犹太人向巴勒斯坦移民的情况。研究认为,伊朗的社会经济动荡和影响犹太人的不利经济条件以及对他们的歧视是其原籍国的推动因素。与此同时,目的地国的拉动因素则是巴勒斯坦的经济吸引力、犹太人需要在巴勒斯坦增加犹太人口以应对阿拉伯国家的制裁,以及在以色列建国后的头六年中雇用外来劳动力以处理该国在经济、农业和物资管理方面的国内问题的重要性。对于大多数从欧洲移民到巴勒斯坦/以色列的犹太人来说,移民代表了一种由种族/宗教和土地这两个重要因素形成的意识形态范式。然而,对于大多数来自东部地区的犹太人(如伊朗犹太人)来说,移民主要是一种受原籍国和目的地国社会经济条件差距影响的现象。本研究旨在根据推拉因素确定伊朗犹太人向巴勒斯坦移民的情况。作者认为,伊朗的社会经济动荡和犹太人不利的经济条件以及对他们的歧视是其母国的推动因素。同时,目的地的拉动因素是以色列的经济吸引力、犹太社区需要增加以色列的犹太人口以面对阿拉伯国家的制裁,以及在以色列建国后的头六年中增加新的劳动力以解决国内经济、农业和物资管理方面问题的重要性]。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Exploring Push-Pull Factors Affecting Iranian Jews’ Emigration to Palestine, 1925-1954: A Social History Approach
One of the controversial issues in the twentieth century was the mass immigration of Jews around the world to Palestine/Israel. For the majority of Jews who immigrated from Europe to Palestine/Israel, immigration represented an ideological paradigm constituted by two significant factors, namely race/religion and land. However, for the large proportion of Jews coming from eastern territories, such as Iranian Jews, immigration was mainly a phenomenon affected by conflicts between socio-economic conditions in their countries of origin and those in the destination. The purpose of this study is to investigate the emigration of Iranian Jews to Palestine by relying on a pull-push framework. The study argues that socio-economic turmoil in Iran and the unfavourable economic conditions affecting Jews, along with discrimination against them, were the push factors in their country of origin. Meanwhile, the pull factors in the destination were Palestine’s economic attractiveness, Jews’ need for an increasing Jewish population in Palestine to deal with Arab nations’ sanctions, and the importance of employing an incoming workforce to handle the country’s domestic problems in terms of economy, agriculture, and materials management in the first six years after the establishment of the Israel state.[Salah satu isu kontroversial di abad kedua puluh adalah imigrasi massal orang-orang Yahudi di seluruh dunia ke Palestina/Israel. Bagi mayoritas orang Yahudi yang berimigrasi dari Eropa ke Palestina/Israel, imigrasi mewakili paradigma ideologis yang dibentuk oleh dua faktor penting, yaitu ras/agama dan tanah. Namun, bagi sebagian besar orang Yahudi yang datang dari wilayah timur, seperti orang Yahudi Iran, imigrasi terutama merupakan fenomena yang dipengaruhi oleh kesenjangan antara kondisi sosial ekonomi di negara asal dan negara tujuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui emigrasi Yahudi Iran ke Palestina berdasarkan faktor-faktor pendorong-penariknya. Penulis berpendapat bahwa gejolak sosial-ekonomi di Iran dan kondisi ekonomi yang tidak menguntungkan orang-orang Yahudi, serta diskriminasi terhadap mereka, merupakan faktor pendorong di negara asal mereka. Sementara itu, faktor penarik dari destinasinya adalah daya tarik ekonomi Israel, kebutuhan masyarakat Yahudi akan peningkatan populasi Yahudi di Israel untuk menghadapi sanksi negara-negara Arab, dan pentingnya menambah tenaga kerja baru untuk menangani permasalahan domestik negara tersebut dari segi perekonomian. pertanian, dan pengelolaan material dalam enam tahun pertama setelah berdirinya negara Israel.]
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