Southern Journal of Applied Forestry最新文献

{"title":"Pine Straw Harvesting, Fire, and Fertilization Affect Understory Vegetation within a Louisiana Longleaf Pine Stand","authors":"J. Haywood","doi":"10.5849/SJAF.10-054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/SJAF.10-054","url":null,"abstract":"Pine straw harvesting con provide on economic benefit to landowners, but the practice may also change the composition of plant communities. This research was initiated in o 34-yeor-old stand of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.} established in 1956 to study how pine straw management practices (fertilization, prescribed fire, and straw harvesting) affected plant communities, and herein, effects on understory vegetation ore reported. A randomized complete block split-plot design was installed with two main plots: (1) no fertilization and (2) fertilization three times with different combinations of N, P, and K. There were four subplot treatments: (l) control, (2} prescribed fire, (3} prescribed fire and 2 harvests of pine straw, and (4) 13 annual harvests of pine straw. Fertilization significantly increased gross cover os o percentage of surface oreo. However, there was o general lock of understory plant response to nutrient amendments, portly because pine straw harvesting and burning were confounding fertilization effects. Prescribed fire and mechanical harvesting activities created similar understories on subplot treatments 2, 3, and 4 by significantly reducing understory woody plant stature and removing litter. Increases in understory tree and shrub stature, number of woody vines per acre, and percentage of woody plant cover significantly decreased herbaceous plant yields and percentage of cover. P ine straw, a renewable natural resource, has traditionally been harvested for mulch Qemison 1943, Bateman and Wilson 1961, Makus et al. 1994). Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) straw is considered to be one of the best sources of landscape mulch among the southern pines (Mississippi State University 2011) and can bring a higher price per bale than pine straw bales from other southern pine species (Dickens et al. 20 11). Adding pine straw to timber and forage as products of management can increase profits substantially, and the income from multiple straw harvests may exceed that from timber sales (Roise et al. 1991). Pine straw yields from longleaf pine stands of at least 80 ft 2 /ac of basal area can be expected to exceed 2,200 lb/ ac, and at 120 ft 2 I ac of basal area, stands on the best sites can be expected to produce over 4,000 lb/ac of pine straw on a dry weight basis (Blevins et al. 1996/2005). At these levels of production, it might be possible for landowners with longleaf pine stands in good locations and with proper management to make $30 to over $150 per acre per …","PeriodicalId":51154,"journal":{"name":"Southern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"36 1","pages":"130-135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/SJAF.10-054","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70978532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Planting Density-Specific Density Management Diagrams for Loblolly Pine","authors":"C. VanderSchaaf, H. Burkhart","doi":"10.5849/SJAF.10-043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/SJAF.10-043","url":null,"abstract":"For density management diagrams (DMDs), it is usually assumed the relative value between Reineke’s stand density index (SDI) where self-thinning is expected to begin and a maximum size-density relationship species boundary line is constant regardless of planting density. Using estimated size-density trajectories of loblolly pine plantations in the southeastern United States, the quadratic mean diameter at which the onset of self-thinning occurs was determined. An equation was then fitted to estimate the quadratic mean diameter at which self-thinning is expected to begin relative to planting density. DMDs that accounted for planting density showed that self-thinning began at 40 –72% of the species maximum SDI for planting densities ranging from 605 to 2,722 seedlings per acre.","PeriodicalId":51154,"journal":{"name":"Southern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"36 1","pages":"126-129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/SJAF.10-043","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70978137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Restoring Longleaf Pine on an Agricultural Site by Planting Alternating Rows of Slash Pine: A Case Study","authors":"D. South, Everett E. Johnson, M. Hainds, C. VanderSchaaf","doi":"10.5849/SJAF.10-045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/SJAF.10-045","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51154,"journal":{"name":"Southern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"36 1","pages":"118-125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/SJAF.10-045","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70978194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attitudes, Knowledge, and Perception of Fuel Reduction among Involved Publics in the Southern Appalachians: Implications for Responsive Communication","authors":"Carin E. Vadala, R. Bixler, Jeffrey J. Bransford, T. Waldrop","doi":"10.5849/SJAF.08-029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/SJAF.08-029","url":null,"abstract":"An understanding of how identifiable groups perceive fuel reduction will help forest managers develop formal and informal communication strategies responsive to each group’s concerns. This study identified three opinion segments on the basis of their attitudinal and behavioral characteristics about fuel reduction in the southern Appalachians and further described them on the basis of general forest use attitudes and behaviors (n 640). A Let Nature Take Its Course segment was preservation oriented and supported fuel reduction only to the extent that it was thought to enhance biological diversity. More trusting of federal land managers, they should be approached through natural history and hiking clubs with messages emphasizing effects on nongame species. A Management for Human Benefits group was most supportive of fuel reduction and was concerned about availability of game and nongame species. More trusting of state land managers and strongly supportive of fuel reduction, they should be approached with messages about human benefits of fuel reduction. A Visually Appealing segment tended to evaluate fuel reduction mostly on the basis of aesthetic impacts. This amorphous group is more likely to object to fuel reduction on the basis of aesthetic issues, such as charring, downed timber, and loss of rhododendron and mountain laurel. Each group should be approached through a different channel, by forest managers from agencies it most prefers, with message content emphasizing perspectives on forest management already salient to the group.","PeriodicalId":51154,"journal":{"name":"Southern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"36 1","pages":"159-165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/SJAF.08-029","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70978218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Copper Root Pruning and Container Cavity Size Influence Longleaf Pine Growth through Five Growing Seasons","authors":"J. Haywood, S. S. Sung, M. S. Sayer","doi":"10.5849/SJAF.10-051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/SJAF.10-051","url":null,"abstract":"However, type and size of container can influence field performance. In this study, longleaf pine seedlings were grown in Beaver Plastics Styroblocks either without a copper treatment (Superblock) or with a copper oxychloride coating (Copperblock) and with three sizes of cavities that were 60, 108, and 164 ml. Seedlings from the six container types (two types of Styroblocks with three cavity sizes) were planted in central Louisiana in a 2 by 3 randomized complete block factorial design. Emergence from the grass stage was quickest for seedlings outplanted from either Copperblocks or large cavities (164 ml), but 99.3% of all seedlings had emerged after five growing seasons. Five-year-old trees outplanted from Copperblocks were significantly taller and had greater volume index (VI \u0001 [groundline diameter]2 \u0002 [total height]) than trees outplanted from Superblocks (2.0 m tall and 114 VI versus 1.7 m tall and 87 VI). Trees outplanted from small cavities (60 ml) were shorter and had a smaller VI (1.5 m tall and 73 VI) than trees outplanted from the other two cavity sizes (average of 2.0 m tall and 114 VI).","PeriodicalId":51154,"journal":{"name":"Southern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"36 1","pages":"146-151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/SJAF.10-051","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70978489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regional Differences among Family Forest Landowners Using National Woodland Owner Survey Results","authors":"B. Kaetzel, I. Majumdar, L. Teeter, B. Butler","doi":"10.5849/SJAF.11-007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/SJAF.11-007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51154,"journal":{"name":"Southern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"36 1","pages":"141-145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/SJAF.11-007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70978695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community leader perceptions and attitudes toward coastal urban forests and hurricanes in Florida","authors":"M. Wyman, F. Escobedo, Taylor Stein, M. Orfanedes, Robert Northrop","doi":"10.5849/SJAF.10-022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/SJAF.10-022","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51154,"journal":{"name":"Southern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"65 1","pages":"152-158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/SJAF.10-022","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70978469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structure and Growth of 40-Year-Old Unthinned Loblolly Pine Planted at Three Spacings in South-Central Tennessee","authors":"S. Torreano, G. Smalley, A. Nunley, J. C. Rennie","doi":"10.5849/SJAF.11-002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/SJAF.11-002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51154,"journal":{"name":"Southern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"36 1","pages":"136-140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/SJAF.11-002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70978596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The financial health and response of Arkansas's loggers to depressed timber markets and severe operating conditions of 2009.","authors":"M. Pelkki","doi":"10.5849/SJAF.10-033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/SJAF.10-033","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51154,"journal":{"name":"Southern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"36 1","pages":"92-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/SJAF.10-033","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70978019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Annual Tree Survival and Diameter Growth Model for Loblolly and Slash Pine Plantations in East Texas","authors":"D. Coble, Q. V. Cao, Lewis Jordan","doi":"10.5849/SJAF.10-032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/SJAF.10-032","url":null,"abstract":"An annual growth model that predicts individual tree survival and diameter growth was developed for loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) and slash pine (Pinus elliottii) trees in East Texas as a function of individual-tree diameter, plantation age, basal area per acre, dominant height, quadratic mean diameter, and presence of fusiform rust (Cronartium quercuum [Berk.] Miyabe ex Shirai f. sp. fusiforme). Data from 104,035 loblolly pine and 37,515 slash pine individual tree observations collected on a 3-year cycle from 174 loblolly pine and 80 slash pine permanent plots located in plantations throughout East Texas were used in this study. The survival equation assumes that mortality is constant across the projection length, whereas the diameter growth equation incorporates whole-stand predictions to update stand-level independent variables on an annual basis. Predictions were evaluated in terms of bias and precision, with independent observations for projection lengths from 3 to 24 years. For both survival and diameter growth, bias was lowest and precision highest for 3-year projection lengths. For survival, bias increased and precision decreased as projection length increased through 24 years. For diameter growth, bias was constant ( 1 in.) across all projection lengths, whereas precision decreased from 1 in. for the 3-year projection length to 2 in. for the 6 –24-year projection lengths. A numerical example is provided that describes how to use the new model to project individual tree survival and diameter growth on an annual basis.","PeriodicalId":51154,"journal":{"name":"Southern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"36 1","pages":"79-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/SJAF.10-032","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70978404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}