M. Libby Weaver (Guest Editors) , Brigitte K. Smith
{"title":"Introduction to Contemporary Issues in Vascular Surgery Education","authors":"M. Libby Weaver (Guest Editors) , Brigitte K. Smith","doi":"10.1053/j.semvascsurg.2025.04.009","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.semvascsurg.2025.04.009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51153,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Vascular Surgery","volume":"38 2","pages":"Page 121"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144280542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Teaching health disparities in vascular surgery training programs","authors":"Taylor Carter , M. Libby Weaver","doi":"10.1053/j.semvascsurg.2025.04.005","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.semvascsurg.2025.04.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Health disparities occur due to complex interactions of individual and environmental factors in the presence of structural inequities and social determinants of health, and disproportionately impact disadvantaged and vulnerable patient populations. Vascular surgery cares for a diverse patient population who often experience socioeconomic disadvantage. Understanding the complex reasons for differences in presentation, management, and outcomes in vulnerable patient populations is critical to providing optimal vascular surgical care and mitigating health disparities. We outline the need for implementation of health disparities curriculum in graduate medical education and proposes a framework for health disparities curriculum development specific to vascular surgery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51153,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Vascular Surgery","volume":"38 2","pages":"Pages 172-175"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144280432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chelsea Dorsey , Ashley Gordon , Maryam Hashmi , Simi Ogunnowo , Luigi Pascarella , Gabrielle Sutton , Rana Afifi
{"title":"Diversity, equity, and inclusivity in vascular surgical education","authors":"Chelsea Dorsey , Ashley Gordon , Maryam Hashmi , Simi Ogunnowo , Luigi Pascarella , Gabrielle Sutton , Rana Afifi","doi":"10.1053/j.semvascsurg.2025.04.003","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.semvascsurg.2025.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The decline in diversity in medical education, following the Supreme Court’s 2023 ruling against race-based affirmative action, exacerbates existing health disparities. With decreasing enrollment of underrepresented groups in medical schools, residency attrition, and gaps in diversity, equity and inclusion (DEI) standards, urgent efforts are needed to address systemic inequities in medical training and patient care. Vascular surgery has made important progress in increasing diversity within its training programs, but there is still much work to be done to create a truly inclusive environment. While there has been growth in the representation of women within vascular surgery, the proportion of underrepresented in medicine (UriM) physicians has not kept pace. Addressing the lack of diversity in vascular surgery requires a multi-pronged approach focused on recruitment, retention, and the creation of an inclusive learning and work environment. Establishing an inclusive environment goes beyond recruitment; it requires fostering a culture where all trainees and faculty feel valued and heard. Through targeted initiatives, commitment to transparency, and systemic changes to academic and clinical environments, the field can make substantial strides in workforce diversity and in turn addressing disparities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51153,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Vascular Surgery","volume":"38 2","pages":"Pages 184-191"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144280434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christine Kariya, Mina Boutrous, Kwame S. Amankwah
{"title":"Autonomy, entrustment, self-efficacy, and decision-making: The current state of training independent surgeons","authors":"Christine Kariya, Mina Boutrous, Kwame S. Amankwah","doi":"10.1053/j.semvascsurg.2025.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.semvascsurg.2025.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Operative autonomy, entrustment, self-efficacy, and decision-making are fundamental aspects of surgical resident education. Over the past few decades, trainee operative autonomy in surgical subspecialties has been declining. Most retrospective studies evaluating clinical outcomes with increasing levels of trainee independence have found no significant rise in patient morbidity and mortality. To provide more autonomy, attendings assess their relationship with the trainee, along with the trainee's skill level, the complexity of the case, and their own confidence. Identified barriers include a desire for efficiency and expectations from patients and the hospital that the procedure be performed by the attending. Consequently, trainees can enhance their self-efficacy by fostering a relationship with the attending, demonstrating clinical competence to encourage the delegation of clinical responsibilities, and adapting to the attending’s teaching style. Techniques to improve autonomy include longitudinal evaluations of trainee independence with a variety of teaching applications and role reversal. It is essential for patients, hospital administrators, and legislators to recognize the significance of demonstrating operative independence during training to cultivate competent, self-sufficient surgeons.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51153,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Vascular Surgery","volume":"38 2","pages":"Pages 132-144"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144280552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Entrustable professional activity assessments in vascular surgery training","authors":"M. Libby Weaver , Brigitte K. Smith","doi":"10.1053/j.semvascsurg.2025.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.semvascsurg.2025.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Entrustable professional activity (EPA) assessments are an assessment tool designed to integrate multiple competencies and subcompetencies across all clinical settings and phases of care. These assessments are important in the shift toward competency-based medical education, as they allow for holistic assessment of the core competencies expected of vascular surgery trainees preparing for independent practice. This manuscript serves to describe the process by which vascular surgery EPAs were developed and implemented nationally in a pilot study, and outlines training challenges addressed by EPA implementation, as well as future directions for EPA development and use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51153,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Vascular Surgery","volume":"38 2","pages":"Pages 145-154"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144280553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Interview format: Current state and future directions","authors":"Jeffrey Jim , David A. Rigberg","doi":"10.1053/j.semvascsurg.2025.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.semvascsurg.2025.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Applicant interviews remain an integral part of the match process used in graduate medical education. In vascular surgery, in-person interviews of the applicant by program faculty at the institution have been the standard for decades. The COVID-19 pandemic forced a dramatic pivot to virtual interviews. With this unexpected change, there is now insight that interview format can affect equal and fair access, negatively impact the environment, as well as alter financial and administrative burden for both the applicants and programs. Future modifications to the match process will have to be explored to ensure both applicants and programs are able to mutually find their best match.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51153,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Vascular Surgery","volume":"38 2","pages":"Pages 202-206"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144280436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Use of Simulation in Vascular Surgery Education: Current State and Future Directions","authors":"Arash Fereydooni, Michael David Sgroi","doi":"10.1053/j.semvascsurg.2025.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.semvascsurg.2025.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Simulation-based training (SBT) has become essential in vascular surgery education, providing a risk-free environment for skill development. This scoping review evaluates the current state of vascular surgery simulation, highlighting validated models, educational impact, and areas for improvement. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, and Scopus, following PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Studies assessing validated simulation models for open and endovascular procedures, vascular anastomosis, carotid interventions, peripheral vascular interventions, and nontechnical skills training were included. Data extraction focused on fidelity, skill acquisition, procedural efficiency, and accessibility. Validated high-fidelity models, including 3D-printed, virtual reality (VR), and pulsatile cadaveric systems, significantly enhance technical proficiency and confidence. Bench and porcine models improve vascular anastomosis training, while VR-based simulators enhance catheter manipulation and decision-making. However, simulation remains limited by high costs, accessibility challenges, and lack of standardized nontechnical skills training. Simulation improves competency in vascular surgery but requires further integration into training curricula. AI-driven assessments, hybrid simulation models, and expanded cost-effective solutions are needed to bridge existing gaps. Standardization and broader adoption of simulation will enhance competency-based training and improve patient outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51153,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Vascular Surgery","volume":"38 2","pages":"Pages 163-171"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144280555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Priscilla Tanamal , Claudie Sheahan , Malachi Sheahan III
{"title":"Fundamentals of vascular surgery: A plan for the uniform instruction and assessment of basic skills in vascular surgery","authors":"Priscilla Tanamal , Claudie Sheahan , Malachi Sheahan III","doi":"10.1053/j.semvascsurg.2025.04.004","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.semvascsurg.2025.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Training surgeons poses many unique challenges. In addition to the clinical acumen that must be learned, a minimum threshold of technical competency is a requisite for independent practice. The trends of endovascular interventions and open surgical procedures add another layer of complexity to vascular surgery training. Simulation can provide a solution for both technical skills training and evaluating proficiency. The Education Committee of the Association of Program Directors of Vascular Surgery (APDVS) developed the Fundamentals of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery platform to provide an opportunity for more uniform basic technical skill teaching and assessment across all vascular training programs. Evaluation by experts with standardized scoring of Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills (OSATS) Global Rating Score and Global Summary grading systems have demonstrated correlation with participant ability when completing the end-to-side anastomosis, patch angioplasty, and clockface suturing models. Future research should be directed toward developing autonomous and objective methods for technical assessments on these models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51153,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Vascular Surgery","volume":"38 2","pages":"Pages 155-162"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144280554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christina L. Cui , Brandi Tuttle , Dawn M. Coleman
{"title":"A narrative review of psychological safety in the surgical learning environment","authors":"Christina L. Cui , Brandi Tuttle , Dawn M. Coleman","doi":"10.1053/j.semvascsurg.2025.04.008","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.semvascsurg.2025.04.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Psychological safety is a critical component of the medical learning environment. While multiple synthesis studies exist for psychological safety within broader medical education, few have focused specifically on surgical training paradigms. This narrative review evaluates psychological safety for surgical trainees. A literature search of PubMed was conducted to identify studies discussing psychological safety within the surgical learning environment. Studies were included if psychological safety was a primary outcome, predictor, or theme. Studies were excluded if surgical trainees were not included or specifically discussed. A total of 53 articles were screened. Of these, 36 were excluded for relevance, and the remaining 17 full texts were reviewed. Reasons for exclusion include: study was conducted internationally; psychological safety was not a critical outcome, predictor, or theme; study focused on nonsurgical medical specialties (ie, anesthesia or psychiatry); and psychological safety of surgical trainees was not discussed despite surgical trainees being within the study cohort. A total of 11 studies were included for comparison. Four studies evaluated the positive impact of psychological safety within care teams that included surgical trainees. Two discussed the importance of building psychological safety as a surgical educator. Five studies evaluated learning environment factors or interventions that predicted psychological safety. Existing literature on psychological safety within the surgical learning environment focuses on educators, surgical teams, and specific aspects of the learning environment. While these studies offer valuable insight, additional studies are needed to identify effective interventions and operationalization of previous recommendations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51153,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Vascular Surgery","volume":"38 2","pages":"Pages 176-183"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144280433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A contextual review of trainee unions in the United States","authors":"Clara M Gomez-Sanchez, Curtis Woodford","doi":"10.1053/j.semvascsurg.2025.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.semvascsurg.2025.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Trainee unions have been a source of great contention between resident physicians, staff physicians, hospital administrators, and the public since their inception in the 1930s. Resident physicians strike a unique balance between being students learning medicine under the watchful eye of attendings and being employees without whom the healthcare system in the United States would struggle to function. Unions seek to improve the working conditions for residents and to protect them from exploitation by hospital systems but have often been perceived as conflicting with professional ideals, patient care, and the educational environment. The goal of this review was to examine the history of resident physician unions, contextualize the arguments for and against them, and describe the best available evidence on the impact of unions on the lives of resident physicians.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51153,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Vascular Surgery","volume":"38 2","pages":"Pages 192-197"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144280435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}