Sci Pub Date : 2023-12-28 DOI: 10.3390/sci6010004

V. Gavrikov, A. Fertikov, R. Sharafutdinov, Zhonghua Tang, Eugene A. Vaganov

{"title":"Early-Wood vs. Late-Wood in Scots Pine: Finding Stable Relationships in Elemental Distribution","authors":"V. Gavrikov, A. Fertikov, R. Sharafutdinov, Zhonghua Tang, Eugene A. Vaganov","doi":"10.3390/sci6010004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sci6010004","url":null,"abstract":"This study explored whether consistent differences can be found between early-wood and late-wood in terms of elemental content of tree rings. The species to study was Pinus sylvestris L. growing within an even-aged stand planted during the early 1970s in eastern Siberia. The wood specimens were extracted from the north and south sides of trees and subsequently scanned through an X-ray fluorescent facility Itrax Multiscanner. A sequence of relatively wide tree-rings was chosen for the analysis. The scanning data on a number of elements (Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Sr, and Hg) were split into early-wood and late-wood data for each year of growth. The early- and late-wood data in the same ring were analyzed for basic statistics against each other as well as against available meteorological data. In the northern direction, the elements Al, Si, P, Cl, Cu, and Zn are always more abundant in the late-wood, while Ca, Fe, and Sr are always more abundant in the early-wood. What is important is how the differences for P, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Sr were always significant. The calcium content in the early-wood was the most consistently reflective regarding the meteorological data for the early summer (June). In some trees, the late-wood K content was well correlated with the Vysotskii–Ivanov climatic index. In the southern direction, Cu and Zn were always more abundant in the late-wood, while Sr was more abundant in the early-wood. The differences for all three elements were always significant. The cases of consistent relationships, though rare, help to develop a research program in the area of dendrochemistry.","PeriodicalId":510703,"journal":{"name":"Sci","volume":"62 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139149598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

IoT-Based Framework for COVID-19 Detection Using Machine Learning Techniques 利用机器学习技术进行 COVID-19 检测的物联网框架

Sci Pub Date : 2023-12-23 DOI: 10.3390/sci6010002

A. Al-Khaleefa, Ghazwan Fouad Kadhim Al-Musawi, Tahseen Jebur Saeed

引用次数: 0

From Turing to Transformers: A Comprehensive Review and Tutorial on the Evolution and Applications of Generative Transformer Models 从图灵到变压器：关于生成式变压器模型的演变和应用的全面回顾与教程

Sci Pub Date : 2023-12-15 DOI: 10.3390/sci5040046

E. Y. Zhang, A. Cheok, Zhigeng Pan, Jun Cai, Ying Yan

引用次数: 0

Cooperating and Competing Digital Twins for Industrie 4.0 in Urban Planning Contexts 城市规划背景下工业 4.0 数字双胞胎的合作与竞争

Sci Pub Date : 2023-11-28 DOI: 10.3390/sci5040044

O. Herzog, Matthias Jarke, Siegfried Zhiqiang Wu

{"title":"Cooperating and Competing Digital Twins for Industrie 4.0 in Urban Planning Contexts","authors":"O. Herzog, Matthias Jarke, Siegfried Zhiqiang Wu","doi":"10.3390/sci5040044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sci5040044","url":null,"abstract":"Digital twins are emerging as a prime analysis, prediction, and control concepts for enabling the Industrie 4.0 vision of cyber-physical production systems (CPPSs). Today’s growing complexity and volatility cannot be handled by monolithic digital twins but require a fundamentally decentralized paradigm of cooperating digital twins. Moreover, societal trends such as worldwide urbanization and growing emphasis on sustainability highlight competing goals that must be reflected not just in cooperating but also competing digital twins, often even interacting in “coopetition”. This paper argues for multi-agent systems (MASs) to address this challenge, using the example of embedding industrial digital twins into an urban planning context. We provide a technical discussion of suitable MAS frameworks and interaction protocols; data architecture options for efficient data supply from heterogeneous sensor streams and sovereignty in data sharing; and strategic analysis for scoping a digital twin systems design among domain experts and decision makers. To illustrate the way still in front of research and practice, the paper reviews some success stories of MASs in Industrie/Logistics 4.0 settings and sketches a comprehensive vision for digital twin-based holistic urban planning.","PeriodicalId":510703,"journal":{"name":"Sci","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139215192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Changes in Anthropometric Characteristics and Isokinetic Muscle Strength in Elite Team Sport Players during an Annual Training Cycle 团队运动精英运动员在年度训练周期中的人体测量特征和等速肌力变化

Sci Pub Date : 2023-11-23 DOI: 10.3390/sci5040043

Evangelia Papaevangelou, Z. Papadopoulou, A. Mandroukas, Yiannis Michaildis, P. Nikolaidis, Nikos V. Margaritelis, T. Metaxas

{"title":"Changes in Anthropometric Characteristics and Isokinetic Muscle Strength in Elite Team Sport Players during an Annual Training Cycle","authors":"Evangelia Papaevangelou, Z. Papadopoulou, A. Mandroukas, Yiannis Michaildis, P. Nikolaidis, Nikos V. Margaritelis, T. Metaxas","doi":"10.3390/sci5040043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sci5040043","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the present research was to investigate the variation in the anthropometric characteristics and the isokinetic muscle strength of elite female team sport players during a season (29–36 weeks). Three groups of female athletes that consisted of soccer (n = 19; age, 23.2 ± 4.3 years), basketball (n = 26, 21.1 ± 5.4 years) and handball players (n = 26, 21.1 ± 4.2 years) underwent anthropometric and isokinetic measurements at the beginning of the preparation period, in the middle and at the end of the competitive season. Isokinetic peak torque values of the hamstrings (H) and quadriceps (Q), as well as the conventional strength ratios of H:Q, were tested on an isokinetic dynamometer at angular velocities of 60, 180 and 300°·s−1. Body weight, lean body mass and body fat of all groups decreased from the first to the third testing session (p < 0.05). Isokinetic peak torque gradually increased during the three measurements (p < 0.05). The soccer players had lower body weight and body fat compared to the basketball and handball players (p < 0.05). Isokinetic peak torque in knee flexion did not show any difference between the sports at any angular velocity or knee movement (flexion and extension), with an exception of the 180°·s−1. The improvement observed for all athletes can be attributed to the training programs that collectively characterize these team sports.","PeriodicalId":510703,"journal":{"name":"Sci","volume":"5 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139245507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of Tannic Acid Coated Polyvinylidene Fluoride Membrane for Filtration of River Water Containing High Natural Organic Matter 开发单宁酸涂层聚偏氟乙烯膜，用于过滤含大量天然有机物的河水

Sci Pub Date : 2023-11-20 DOI: 10.3390/sci5040042

R. Dewi, Norazanita Shamsuddin, M. S. Abu Bakar, Sutarat Thongratkaew, K. Faungnawakij, M. Bilad

{"title":"Development of Tannic Acid Coated Polyvinylidene Fluoride Membrane for Filtration of River Water Containing High Natural Organic Matter","authors":"R. Dewi, Norazanita Shamsuddin, M. S. Abu Bakar, Sutarat Thongratkaew, K. Faungnawakij, M. Bilad","doi":"10.3390/sci5040042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sci5040042","url":null,"abstract":"River water can be used as a source of drinking water. However, it is vital to consider the existence of natural organic matter (NOM) and its possible influence on water quality (low turbidity, high color). The level of NOM in river water significantly impacts the ecosystem’s health and the water’s quality, and needs to be removed. A membrane-based approach is attractive for treating NOM successfully, but is still hindered by the membrane fouling problem. This study aims to develop polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)-based membranes customized for NOM removal from river water. The anti-fouling property was imposed by a coating of tannic acid (TA) and Fe3+ on the pre-prepared PVDF membrane. The results show that the TA–Fe coatings were effective, as demonstrated by the FTIR spectra, SEM, and EDS data. The coatings made the membrane more hydrophilic, with smaller pore size and lower clean water permeability. Such properties offer enhanced NOM rejections (up to 100%) and remarkably higher fouling recovery (up to 23%), desirable for maintaining a long-term filtration performance.","PeriodicalId":510703,"journal":{"name":"Sci","volume":"223 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139258912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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