V. Gavrikov, A. Fertikov, R. Sharafutdinov, Zhonghua Tang, Eugene A. Vaganov
{"title":"苏格兰松木的早材与晚材:寻找元素分布中的稳定关系","authors":"V. Gavrikov, A. Fertikov, R. Sharafutdinov, Zhonghua Tang, Eugene A. Vaganov","doi":"10.3390/sci6010004","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"This study explored whether consistent differences can be found between early-wood and late-wood in terms of elemental content of tree rings. The species to study was Pinus sylvestris L. growing within an even-aged stand planted during the early 1970s in eastern Siberia. The wood specimens were extracted from the north and south sides of trees and subsequently scanned through an X-ray fluorescent facility Itrax Multiscanner. A sequence of relatively wide tree-rings was chosen for the analysis. The scanning data on a number of elements (Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Sr, and Hg) were split into early-wood and late-wood data for each year of growth. The early- and late-wood data in the same ring were analyzed for basic statistics against each other as well as against available meteorological data. In the northern direction, the elements Al, Si, P, Cl, Cu, and Zn are always more abundant in the late-wood, while Ca, Fe, and Sr are always more abundant in the early-wood. What is important is how the differences for P, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Sr were always significant. The calcium content in the early-wood was the most consistently reflective regarding the meteorological data for the early summer (June). In some trees, the late-wood K content was well correlated with the Vysotskii–Ivanov climatic index. In the southern direction, Cu and Zn were always more abundant in the late-wood, while Sr was more abundant in the early-wood. The differences for all three elements were always significant. The cases of consistent relationships, though rare, help to develop a research program in the area of dendrochemistry.","PeriodicalId":510703,"journal":{"name":"Sci","volume":"62 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Early-Wood vs. Late-Wood in Scots Pine: Finding Stable Relationships in Elemental Distribution\",\"authors\":\"V. Gavrikov, A. Fertikov, R. Sharafutdinov, Zhonghua Tang, Eugene A. Vaganov\",\"doi\":\"10.3390/sci6010004\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"This study explored whether consistent differences can be found between early-wood and late-wood in terms of elemental content of tree rings. The species to study was Pinus sylvestris L. growing within an even-aged stand planted during the early 1970s in eastern Siberia. The wood specimens were extracted from the north and south sides of trees and subsequently scanned through an X-ray fluorescent facility Itrax Multiscanner. A sequence of relatively wide tree-rings was chosen for the analysis. The scanning data on a number of elements (Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Sr, and Hg) were split into early-wood and late-wood data for each year of growth. The early- and late-wood data in the same ring were analyzed for basic statistics against each other as well as against available meteorological data. In the northern direction, the elements Al, Si, P, Cl, Cu, and Zn are always more abundant in the late-wood, while Ca, Fe, and Sr are always more abundant in the early-wood. What is important is how the differences for P, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Sr were always significant. The calcium content in the early-wood was the most consistently reflective regarding the meteorological data for the early summer (June). In some trees, the late-wood K content was well correlated with the Vysotskii–Ivanov climatic index. In the southern direction, Cu and Zn were always more abundant in the late-wood, while Sr was more abundant in the early-wood. The differences for all three elements were always significant. The cases of consistent relationships, though rare, help to develop a research program in the area of dendrochemistry.\",\"PeriodicalId\":510703,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Sci\",\"volume\":\"62 12\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2023-12-28\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Sci\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.3390/sci6010004\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Sci","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sci6010004","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
这项研究探讨了早材和晚材在树木年轮元素含量方面是否存在一致的差异。研究的树种是 20 世纪 70 年代初在西伯利亚东部种植的均匀树龄林中生长的欧洲赤松。木材标本从树木的南北两侧提取,随后通过 X 射线荧光设备 Itrax Multiscanner 进行扫描。分析选择了一系列相对较宽的树环。在每一年的生长过程中,一些元素(Al、Si、P、S、Cl、K、Ca、Ti、Mn、Fe、Cu、Zn、Sr 和 Hg)的扫描数据被分成早材数据和晚材数据。对同一圆环中的早材和晚材数据进行了基本统计分析,并与其他数据以及现有气象数据进行了对比。在北向,Al、Si、P、Cl、Cu 和 Zn 元素总是在晚材中含量较高,而 Ca、Fe 和 Sr 元素总是在早材中含量较高。重要的是,P、Ca、Fe、Cu、Zn 和 Sr 的差异总是很大。从初夏(6 月)的气象数据来看,早材中的钙含量反映最为一致。在一些树木中,晚材钾含量与维索茨基-伊万诺夫气候指数有很好的相关性。在南方方向,晚材中的铜和锌含量总是较高,而早材中的锶含量较高。这三种元素的差异总是很显著。这些关系一致的案例虽然罕见,但却有助于制定树木化学领域的研究计划。
Early-Wood vs. Late-Wood in Scots Pine: Finding Stable Relationships in Elemental Distribution
This study explored whether consistent differences can be found between early-wood and late-wood in terms of elemental content of tree rings. The species to study was Pinus sylvestris L. growing within an even-aged stand planted during the early 1970s in eastern Siberia. The wood specimens were extracted from the north and south sides of trees and subsequently scanned through an X-ray fluorescent facility Itrax Multiscanner. A sequence of relatively wide tree-rings was chosen for the analysis. The scanning data on a number of elements (Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Sr, and Hg) were split into early-wood and late-wood data for each year of growth. The early- and late-wood data in the same ring were analyzed for basic statistics against each other as well as against available meteorological data. In the northern direction, the elements Al, Si, P, Cl, Cu, and Zn are always more abundant in the late-wood, while Ca, Fe, and Sr are always more abundant in the early-wood. What is important is how the differences for P, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Sr were always significant. The calcium content in the early-wood was the most consistently reflective regarding the meteorological data for the early summer (June). In some trees, the late-wood K content was well correlated with the Vysotskii–Ivanov climatic index. In the southern direction, Cu and Zn were always more abundant in the late-wood, while Sr was more abundant in the early-wood. The differences for all three elements were always significant. The cases of consistent relationships, though rare, help to develop a research program in the area of dendrochemistry.