Earth Interactions最新文献_第7页

Addressing the Problem of Poverty through an International Cooperation Project: The Case Study of Agriculture Development by JICA in Cameroon 通过国际合作项目解决贫困问题:JICA在喀麦隆的农业发展案例研究

IF 2 4区地球科学

Earth Interactions Pub Date : 2022-11-11 DOI: 10.3390/earth3040068

Agho Oliver Bamenju, Xiaoyue Liu, Jeongsoo Yu, Kazuaki Okubo

{"title":"Addressing the Problem of Poverty through an International Cooperation Project: The Case Study of Agriculture Development by JICA in Cameroon","authors":"Agho Oliver Bamenju, Xiaoyue Liu, Jeongsoo Yu, Kazuaki Okubo","doi":"10.3390/earth3040068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/earth3040068","url":null,"abstract":"In this era of globalization, with social problems extending across social and geographical boundaries, partnerships between governments and international organizations are key to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Agriculture is essential to reducing poverty in Cameroon. Since 2002, the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) has contributed to agricultural development through various projects in Cameroon. However, research has not been conducted to determine the contributions of agricultural development to poverty reduction. The aim of this study is to outline current agricultural problems and international cooperation projects in Cameroon. A social inquiry involving the collection of qualitative and quantitative data was conducted to assess whether agricultural projects have contributed to increasing income and alleviating other multidimensional indicators of poverty amongst the beneficiaries. In this paper, we provide useful recommendations with respect to solving the problem of poverty and achieving the SDGs. The analysis revealed that agriculture projects have significantly contributed to an increase in income, wellbeing and standard of living of the project beneficiaries. African countries, such as Cameroon, need to address poverty by improving the agricultural sector because these nations cannot currently maintain a stable crop production. International cooperation in the agricultural sector can help to increase crop yields, incomes and quality of life.","PeriodicalId":51020,"journal":{"name":"Earth Interactions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88193893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Use of the DRASTIC-LU/LC Model for Assessing Groundwater Vulnerability to Nitrate Contamination in Morogoro Municipality, Tanzania 使用DRASTIC-LU/LC模型评估坦桑尼亚莫罗戈罗市地下水对硝酸盐污染的脆弱性

IF 2 4区地球科学

Earth Interactions Pub Date : 2022-11-07 DOI: 10.3390/earth3040067

Neema J. Mkumbo, K. Mussa, E. E. Mariki, I. C. Mjemah

{"title":"The Use of the DRASTIC-LU/LC Model for Assessing Groundwater Vulnerability to Nitrate Contamination in Morogoro Municipality, Tanzania","authors":"Neema J. Mkumbo, K. Mussa, E. E. Mariki, I. C. Mjemah","doi":"10.3390/earth3040067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/earth3040067","url":null,"abstract":"Groundwater is a useful source of water for various uses in different places. The major challenge in the use of this resource is how to manage and protect it from contamination. The current study was conducted in Morogoro Municipality to identify vulnerable groundwater areas by using DRASTIC-LU/LC model. The study applied eight input parameters, i.e., depth to water table, net recharge, aquifer media, soil media, topography, impact of vadose zone, hydraulic conductivity and land use/land cover patterns, which were overlaid in GIS to generate groundwater vulnerable map. The model used rating (R = 1–10) and weighting (W = 1–5) techniques to assess the effect of each parameter on groundwater contamination. The DRASTIC-LU/LC Vulnerability Index map was classified into low- (area = 29.2 km2), moderate- (area = 120.4 km2) and high-vulnerability zones (area = 124.4 km2). Nitrate analysis was conducted using the cadmium reduction method (DR 890) to assess the validity of the model and it was observed that 55%, 15% and 50% of the samples with unacceptable (>50 mg/L), high (29–50 mg/L) and moderate (14–28 mg/L) nitrate concentrations, respectively, fall into the high-vulnerability zone. Furthermore, 45%, 70% and 50% of the samples with unacceptable, high and moderate nitrate concentrations, respectively, fall into the moderate-vulnerability zone. In the low-vulnerability zone, only 15% of samples were found with a high nitrate concentration.","PeriodicalId":51020,"journal":{"name":"Earth Interactions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85248202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Paleobiogeography of Crown Deer 冠鹿的古生物地理学

IF 2 4区地球科学

Earth Interactions Pub Date : 2022-11-06 DOI: 10.3390/earth3040066

R. Croitor

引用次数: 1

Contrasting ocean-atmosphere dynamics mediate flood hazard across the Mississippi River basin 对比海洋-大气动力学介导密西西比河流域的洪水灾害

IF 2 4区地球科学

Earth Interactions Pub Date : 2022-11-04 DOI: 10.1175/ei-d-22-0015.1

S. Muñoz, Brynnydd Hamilton, B. Parazin

{"title":"Contrasting ocean-atmosphere dynamics mediate flood hazard across the Mississippi River basin","authors":"S. Muñoz, Brynnydd Hamilton, B. Parazin","doi":"10.1175/ei-d-22-0015.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/ei-d-22-0015.1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The Mississippi River basin drains nearly half of the contiguous United States, and its rivers serve as economic corridors that facilitate trade and transportation. Flooding remains a perennial hazard on the major tributaries of the Mississippi River basin, and reducing the economic and humanitarian consequences of these events depends on improving their seasonal predictability. Here, we use climate reanalysis and river gage data to document the evolution of floods on the Missouri and Ohio Rivers — the two largest tributaries of the Mississippi River — and how they are influenced by major modes of climate variability centered in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. We show that the largest floods on these tributaries are preceded by the advection and convergence of moisture from the Gulf of Mexico following distinct atmospheric mechanisms, where Missouri River floods are associated with heavy spring and summer precipitation events delivered by the Great Plains Low-Level Jet, while Ohio River floods are associated with frontal precipitation events in winter when the North Atlantic subtropical high is anomalously strong. Further, we demonstrate that the El Niño-Southern Oscillation can serve as a precursor for floods on these rivers by mediating antecedent soil moisture, with Missouri River floods often preceded by a warm eastern tropical Pacific (El Niño) and Ohio River floods often preceded by a cool eastern tropical Pacific (La Niña) in the months leading up peak discharge. Finally, we use recent floods in 2019 and 2021 to demonstrate how linking flood hazard to sea surface temperature anomalies holds potential to improve seasonal predictability of hydrologic extremes on these rivers.","PeriodicalId":51020,"journal":{"name":"Earth Interactions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43786549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Mapping and Prioritizing Potential Illegal Dump Sites Using Geographic Information System Network Analysis and Multiple Remote Sensing Indices 基于地理信息系统网络分析和多种遥感指标的潜在非法垃圾场制图与优先排序

IF 2 4区地球科学

Earth Interactions Pub Date : 2022-11-02 DOI: 10.3390/earth3040065

Nima Karimi, K. T. W. Ng

{"title":"Mapping and Prioritizing Potential Illegal Dump Sites Using Geographic Information System Network Analysis and Multiple Remote Sensing Indices","authors":"Nima Karimi, K. T. W. Ng","doi":"10.3390/earth3040065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/earth3040065","url":null,"abstract":"Due to rapid urbanization and population growth, identification and management of illegal dump sites has been a global challenge. In this study, satellite imagery and geographic information system were used to map potential illegal dump sites (PIDS). An original analytical approach was developed to identify PIDS using a set of remote sensing indices and vector files. The Network Analysis tool was used to prioritize PIDS considering driving distance between PIDS and neighboring populated points. A total of five variables (Landfills, LST, HCHO, Highways, and EVI) were considered. A study area in Saskatchewan, Canada, was selected, and the identified PIDS account for about 37.3% of the total area. Road network intensity and accessibility appear important to the occurrence of PIDS. Overall road densities in identified PIDS ranged from 0.098 to 0.251 km/km2. All five variables have observable effects on the occurrence of PIDS; however, LST and highways are recommended for future studies due to their higher membership grade and spatial sensitivity. The combination of multiple remote sensing indices and network analysis on PIDS prioritization is advantageous. The proposed PIDS mapping and prioritization method can be easily employed elsewhere.","PeriodicalId":51020,"journal":{"name":"Earth Interactions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87272602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Ecosystem Services, Poverty Alleviation and Land Productivity: A Critical Survey of a Complex “Ménage à Trois” 生态系统服务、扶贫和土地生产力:一个复杂的“msamnage Trois”的关键调查

IF 2 4区地球科学

Earth Interactions Pub Date : 2022-10-28 DOI: 10.3390/earth3040064

L. Onofri

引用次数: 0

Community Responses to Fire: A Global Meta-Analysis Unravels the Contrasting Responses of Fauna to Fire 社区对火灾的反应:一项全球荟萃分析揭示了动物对火灾的对比反应

IF 2 4区地球科学

Earth Interactions Pub Date : 2022-10-27 DOI: 10.3390/earth3040063

S. Moyo

{"title":"Community Responses to Fire: A Global Meta-Analysis Unravels the Contrasting Responses of Fauna to Fire","authors":"S. Moyo","doi":"10.3390/earth3040063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/earth3040063","url":null,"abstract":"Globally, wildfires and prescribed fires are becoming more prevalent and are known to affect plant and animals in diverse ecosystems. Understanding the responses of animal communities to fire is a central issue in conservation and a panacea to predicting how fire regimes may affect communities and food webs. Here, a global meta-analysis of 2581 observations extracted from 208 empirical studies were used to investigate the effect of fire on aboveground and belowground fauna (e.g., bacteria, fungi, small mammals, arthropods). Overall, results revealed that fire had a negative effect on biomass, abundance, richness, evenness, and diversity of all faunas. Similarly, when considering wildfires and prescribed fires the data revealed that both fire regimes have negative effects on fauna. Similarly, fire had negative impacts on aboveground and aboveground fauna across most biomes and continents of the world. Moreover, there was little evidence of changes in pH, moisture and soil depth on soil organisms suggesting that other factors may drive community changes following a fire disturbance. Future research in fire ecology should consider the effects of fire across several species and across larger geospatial scales. In addition, fire effects on faunal community structure must be studied under contrasting global fire regimes and in light of the effects of climate change.","PeriodicalId":51020,"journal":{"name":"Earth Interactions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77222769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Solanum elaeagnifolium Invasiveness under Semi-Arid Environmental Conditions in Tunisia 突尼斯半干旱环境条件下龙葵入侵性研究

IF 2 4区地球科学

Earth Interactions Pub Date : 2022-10-25 DOI: 10.3390/earth3040062

N. Sayari, G. Brundu, Z. Soilhi, M. Mekki

{"title":"Solanum elaeagnifolium Invasiveness under Semi-Arid Environmental Conditions in Tunisia","authors":"N. Sayari, G. Brundu, Z. Soilhi, M. Mekki","doi":"10.3390/earth3040062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/earth3040062","url":null,"abstract":"Solanum elaeagnifolium, one of the world’s most widespread invasive weeds, thrives in the regions of Tunisia with a semi-arid climate. An enhanced understanding of its biological traits could be useful for its management. For this purpose, S. elaeagnifolium vegetative propagation, flowering, fruiting, and spread patterns were assessed under semi-arid environmental conditions at Chott Mariem (Tunisia) over three years (2013–2015). Our results revealed that S. elaeagnifolium showed an active vegetative growth phase during the spring (March–May). Thereafter, the plant stopped its vegetative growth in June–August in favor of flowering and fruiting. The vegetative growth resumed during September–October and declined in November, announcing its dormant period. Thanks to its vigorous rhizomatous system, S. elaeagnifolium was able to emit offshoots within a radius of 1.5 m from parent shoots by 30 months after its establishment. These findings could inform and improve dedicated management control options for S. elaeagnifolium. Silverleaf nightshade should be controlled before the full-flowering stage in spring and following the first autumnal rainfall to prevent vegetative propagation and fruiting.","PeriodicalId":51020,"journal":{"name":"Earth Interactions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79330291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Is It Possible to Compromise Forest Conservation with Forest Use? 森林保护和森林利用是否可能妥协?

IF 2 4区地球科学

Earth Interactions Pub Date : 2022-10-21 DOI: 10.3390/earth3040061

Z. Sierota, S. Miścicki

{"title":"Is It Possible to Compromise Forest Conservation with Forest Use?","authors":"Z. Sierota, S. Miścicki","doi":"10.3390/earth3040061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/earth3040061","url":null,"abstract":"A variety of elements in nature, from a pine cone’s bracts to a spiral galaxy, are described by a unique mathematical relationship described by Fibonacci as adhering to the “golden ratio.” In forest management, various models are used to achieve a balance between forest use and conservation that meets societal expectations in both ecological and economic terms. In Central European countries, where forest management has been subordinated to the timber industry, such a transition is still in progress, and people continue to look for an acceptable balance between forest conservation and management. The main objective of this paper is to review approaches to forest management in Central Europe with the aim of contributing to current discussions on forest management models in Europe. We anticipate that the new EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030 will implement the billion-tree afforestation program with appropriate consideration of forest potential based on the tenets of sustainable management and that the future climate will be neutral. We hope that the forestry aspects of the strategy will provide a positive impetus to forest management by finding effective compromises between forest conservation and forest use in furthering the aims of sustainable development.","PeriodicalId":51020,"journal":{"name":"Earth Interactions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82356541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Evaluation of Three Reanalysis Soil Temperature Datasets with Observation Data over China 中国3个再分析土壤温度观测资料的评价

IF 2 4区地球科学

Earth Interactions Pub Date : 2022-10-11 DOI: 10.3390/earth3040060

Cailing Zhao, C. Gong, H. Duan, P. Yan, Yuanpu Liu, G. Zhou

{"title":"Evaluation of Three Reanalysis Soil Temperature Datasets with Observation Data over China","authors":"Cailing Zhao, C. Gong, H. Duan, P. Yan, Yuanpu Liu, G. Zhou","doi":"10.3390/earth3040060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/earth3040060","url":null,"abstract":"Soil temperature is a crucial parameter in surface emissions of carbon, water, and energy exchanges. This study utilized the soil temperature of 836 national basic meteorological observing stations over China to evaluate three soil temperature products. Soil temperature data from the China Meteorology Administration Land Data Assimilation System (CLDAS), European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ERA-Interim), and Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) during 2017 are evaluated. The results showed that soil temperature reanalysis datasets display a significant north-to-south difference over eastern China with generally underestimated magnitudes. CLDAS data perform soil temperature assessment best at different depths and can be reproduced well in most areas of China. CLDAS slightly overestimates soil temperature in summer. The most significant deviation of ERA-Interim (GLDAS) appears in summer (summer and autumn). As soil depth increases, the soil temperature errors of all three datasets increase. The CLDAS represents the soil temperature over China but owns a more considerable bias in barren or sparsely vegetated croplands. ERA-Interim performs poorest in urban and built-up and barren or sparsely vegetated areas. GLDAS overall owns an enormous bias at the mixed forest, grassland, and croplands areas, which should be improved, especially in summer. However, it performs better in open shrublands and barren or sparsely vegetated areas. The ST of mixed forests shows better results in the south region than the north region. For grasslands, smaller MEs are located in the north and northwest regions. The ST of croplands shows the poorest performance over the northwest region.","PeriodicalId":51020,"journal":{"name":"Earth Interactions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84730517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0