Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of the disinfectant “Enzidez” according to indicators of acute toxicity and irritant effect","authors":"V. Kozhyn, V. Salata, M. Kukhtyn, O. Vasylkiv, S. Laiter-Moskaliuk","doi":"10.32718/nvlvet11310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet11310","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the fairly large number of disinfectants on the market, there is no perfect drug, as microorganisms adapt to new antibacterial substances quite quickly. In this regard, recently, enzymatic preparations for the hydrolysis of protein contaminants and the destruction of the glycopeptide matrix of the microbial biofilm have been introduced into disinfectants. Therefore, disinfectants that have a wide spectrum of antimicrobial action, actively remove organic contaminants and affect the biofilm forms of bacteria are considered relevant and promising for development. The purpose of the work was to conduct a toxicological evaluation of the developed disinfectant “Enzidez” according to indicators of acute toxicity and irritant effect. Determination of acute toxicity and irritant effect of the native disinfectant and its 1 % solution was carried out according to generally accepted methods. Studies on establishing the parameters of subacute (acute) toxicity of Enzidez disinfectant on white mice revealed that the working 1.0 % concentration of Enzidez disinfectant did not cause the death of mice when administered intragastrically in a dose of 5000 to 13000 mg/kg. This indicates that a dose of 13,000 mg/kg body weight will be tolerated (LD0) for animals, while the median lethal (LD50) dose will be higher than this amount. According to the classification regarding the harmfulness of substances, the disinfectant in a working concentration of 1.0 % will be considered low-toxic (toxicity class 4).In the pathological autopsy of laboratory mice after administering lethal and working doses of the drug “Enzidez” to them, it was established that the mice died from pulmonary insufficiency due to hyperemia and pulmonary edema. According to the degree of danger, the product belongs to class 4 (low-toxic substances). When a working 1.0 % solution of the disinfectant was injected into the stomach, no visible pathological-anatomical changes were detected in experimental mice after euthanasia, which indicates its low toxicity. In addition, it was found that the native solution of the disinfectant causes slight irritation to the skin of white rabbits, so rubber gloves should be used when preparing working concentrations of the solution. The working 1 % solution of Enzidez, in turn, did not cause an irritating effect. In addition, it was found that the native solution of the disinfectant caused a harmful effect of 9 points on the mucous membrane of the eyes, and the working – 1 % solution did not cause visible changes in the mucous membrane. Therefore, when working with the native disinfectant “Enzidez”, it is necessary to use eye protection – glasses.","PeriodicalId":510038,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140434432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological features of the poultry thymus","authors":"S. Huralska, N. Dyshliuk, S. Zaika, H. Hryshchuk, L. H. Yevtukh","doi":"10.32718/nvlvet11311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet11311","url":null,"abstract":"This article reviews the literature on the morphological features of the poultry thymus. Since the preservation of livestock and disease prevention is a constant problem, the issue of poultry care will always remain in the forefront. Efforts to preserve the population and increase their productivity are directly related to strengthening poultry immunity and the state of their immune system. The study of the morphology of immune system organs allows us to objectively assess the effectiveness of methods for the prevention and treatment of various diseases, as well as to identify critical periods of development of the immune system and the body as a whole. When assessing the immune status of poultry, much attention is paid to the state of lymphoid organs, including the thymus. Currently, aspects related to the dynamics of development of immunocompetent organs during the postnatal period of ontogenesis and the time frame of their involution remain unresolved. Understanding the morphological features of the thymus and its changes is a key element in assessing the function of the immune system. It was found that with the growth and development of chicks, the absolute and relative weight of the thymus increases. However, at the onset of reproductive maturity, these values decrease significantly. Involution of the thymus mass occurs, the boundary between cortical and cerebral substances becomes less distinct, and the cellular composition of the thymus changes. The process of age-related involution is accompanied by a decrease in lymphoid tissue and T-lymphocytes. It is worth noting that the total number of circulating T-lymphocytes remains stable, as this population includes long-lived cells that do not require constant renewal. In this context, there is a change in the ratio of cortical and cerebral substances, the growth of connective tissue stroma and adipose tissue. It is noted that stress factors are one of the causes of early thymic involution, and the degree of development and morphological state of the thymus significantly affect the body's resistance to infections. Changes in the structure and morphometry of the chicken thymus can be an important criterion for the morphological diagnosis of immunodeficiencies in poultry.","PeriodicalId":510038,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies","volume":"38 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140434919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}