Yinwei Wu, Xu Du, Jingyuan Pan, Qiaoyun Zhou, Jinghong Zhang, Ming Li, Dong Fu
{"title":"Study on the Enhancement of Efficiency, Photocatalytic Kinetics, and Mechanism of Trace GO on TiO2 for Cr(VI) Removal Under Visible Light Conditions","authors":"Yinwei Wu, Xu Du, Jingyuan Pan, Qiaoyun Zhou, Jinghong Zhang, Ming Li, Dong Fu","doi":"10.1007/s10563-023-09414-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10563-023-09414-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work focuses on the enhancement of removal performance of TiO<sub>2</sub> by the introduction of trace amout of GO composite. Among various synthesis methods, it was found that the GO–doped TiO<sub>2</sub> by microwave-assisted hydrothermal method had the highest performance in the improvement for Cr (VI) treatment. The removal rate of Cr (VI) by TiO<sub>2</sub>–GO (0.05%) was 95.96% which is 13.58% higher than that of TiO<sub>2</sub>. It can be confirmed that GO was successfully doped on TiO<sub>2</sub> by XRD, XPS, and FT-IR characterizations. In addition, SEM, TEM, N<sub>2</sub> adsorption isotherm, UV–Vis spectra, and photocurrent response elucidate the mechanism of potency enhancement. The addition of trace GO reduces the particle size of TiO<sub>2</sub> and results in the agglomeration phenomenon of TiO<sub>2</sub>, so that the specific surface area of TiO<sub>2</sub> becomes larger and the distribution is more uniform, which expands the photoresponse range, and elevating the photoelectron response. Thus, the absorption ability of visible light is greatly improved. The reported method provides a more economical option for treating Cr(VI) wastewater.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":509,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Surveys from Asia","volume":"28 2","pages":"135 - 147"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139437729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Modified Agro Waste-Derived Nano-silica for Synthesizing Tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyrans","authors":"Pouya Taheri, Mahmood Tajbakhsh, Zari Fallah","doi":"10.1007/s10563-023-09419-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10563-023-09419-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To create a potential heterogeneous catalyst for the Domino Knoevenagel cyclo-condensation that produces tetrahydropyran derivatives in aqueous media, amorphous silica derived from rice husk ash (RHA) and cotton ball ash (CBA), were modified with 3-(chloropropyl)triethoxysilane, metformin, and copper acetate. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller were utilized to characterize the produced catalysts' structure. Based on the characterization results, extracted nano-silica exhibits higher surface area and catalytic activity than commercial nano-silica. These solid acid catalysts demonstrated outstanding catalytic activity for carbonyl group activation to react with malononitrile and 1,3 dicarbonyl compounds to give a high to excellent yield of the desired substances (80–97%). Without losing their catalytic activity and leaching, the catalysts can be recovered, separated by filtration or centrifugation, and reused for several cycles. This research indicates that the desired catalysts are stable and may be effectively exploited in organic synthesis. The high rate of reaction, mild reaction conditions, high product yield, low production cost, availability, and reusability are advantages of these catalysts that make them attractive for organic transformations. A comparison was also made between the catalytic behavior of the prepared natural catalysts and that derived from commercial-grade nano-silica. Based on analyses, the rice husk-derived nano-catalyst is described as a mesoporous catalyst with a higher specific surface area (143 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>−1</sup>) and narrower pore diameter (4.3 nm), showing excellent catalytic activity compared to cotton ball-based nanocatalyst and the catalyst prepared from commercial-grade nano-silica regarding reaction rate and yield.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><p>This research used rice husks and cotton ball ashes as sources of silica nanoparticles and modified them using metformin and copper acetate. Diverse tetrahydrobenzopyran derivatives were produced with excellent yields in a short reaction time. A comparison was also made between the catalytic behavior of the prepared waste-based nanocatalysts and that derived from commercial-grade nano-silica.</p>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":509,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Surveys from Asia","volume":"28 2","pages":"209 - 229"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138818078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rida Zulfiqar, Ruba Munir, Muhammad Zeeshan Bashir, Gadah Albasher, Tayyaba Samreen, Iram Hafiz, Mian Anjum Murtaza, Saima Noreen
{"title":"Synthesis of Polymeric Sunscreen Photocatalyst ZnO2, CuO2, PbO2, and CdO2 Using Ethylene Glycol for Reactive Blue Dye Removal from Textile Waste Water","authors":"Rida Zulfiqar, Ruba Munir, Muhammad Zeeshan Bashir, Gadah Albasher, Tayyaba Samreen, Iram Hafiz, Mian Anjum Murtaza, Saima Noreen","doi":"10.1007/s10563-023-09415-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10563-023-09415-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Industrial dyes are the main cause of environmental pollution. The present study consists of the removal of synthetic anionic dye using batch study with photocatalyst using adsorption technology. The adsorbents were prepared using the chemical synthesis method. At pH 5, ZnO<sub>2</sub> shows maximum results in the Reactive Blue dye. At the same time, CuO<sub>2</sub> shows maximum results at pH 2. In contrast, the CdO<sub>2</sub> and PbO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles presented maximum results at pH 4. The optimum dose for all four kinds of nanoparticles, ZnO<sub>2</sub>, CuO<sub>2</sub>, PbO<sub>2</sub>, and CdO<sub>2</sub>, was found to be 0.5 g/50 mL for the elimination of anionic dye at pH 2, 4, and 5. For ZnO<sub>2</sub>, CuO<sub>2</sub>, PbO<sub>2</sub>, and CdO<sub>2</sub> nano photocatalyst, the maximum percentage of dye removal was recorded at 0.05 catalyst dosage. The starting concentration of dye in the series of 25–200 mg/L was measured as optimum for the highest deletion of anionic stain by dissimilar kinds of chosen adsorbents. The maximum adsorption capacity of ZnO<sub>2</sub> (85.69 mg/L), CuO<sub>2</sub> (79.04 mg/L), PbO<sub>2</sub> (64.12 mg/L), and CdO<sub>2</sub> (51.58 mg/L) was obtained at 100, 150 and 75 mg/L dye concentration. The optimum temperature for the highest removal of anionic dyes was detected at 37 °C, and the reduction examined a decline in the adsorption capacity of whole compounds as temperature decreases. It represented the exothermic behavior of all sorption processes intricate in the exclusion of certain anionic dyes. Langmuir biosorption isotherms were given the best fitness on equilibrium biosorption data, whereas the pseudo 2nd order displayed the fitness on adsorption kinetic data. Additionally, data show that the elimination of Reactive Blue dye by adsorption with ZnO<sub>2</sub>, CuO<sub>2</sub>, PbO<sub>2</sub>, and CdO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles follows second-order kinetics (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.9855) and Langmuir model (0.9997). Utmost desorption was attained by 0.5 N sodium hydroxide. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) was used to characterize the nanoparticles, which gave information about the functional groups on dyes. So, by using the adsorption technology, maximum dye removal from wastewater was observed, and ZnO<sub>2</sub> showed maximum percentage removal of anionic dye. Reactive Blue is effectively degraded in aqueous solution by photocatalysis with ZnO<sub>2</sub> assistance while being exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":509,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Surveys from Asia","volume":"28 2","pages":"159 - 185"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138716367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hadis Ghaedrahmat, Mohammad Yaser Masoomi, Mojgan Zendehdel
{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Faujasite/ZIF-8 Composite by One-Pot Method, Used as a Catalyst for Esterification and Aldol Condensation Reaction","authors":"Hadis Ghaedrahmat, Mohammad Yaser Masoomi, Mojgan Zendehdel","doi":"10.1007/s10563-023-09417-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10563-023-09417-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this research work, we were able to composite Faujasite type zeolite and ZIF-8 metal–organic framework using two different ways to improve the chemical stability of ZIF-8. In these methods, the arrangement of introducing Zn and 2-Methylimidazole as parent material to synthesis of ZIF-8 to zeolite were changed. In addition, the composites were prepared at room temperature under green chemistry conditions. The structure of Fauj/ZIF-8 nanocomposites were confirmed by FT-IR, XRD, SEM, BET, MAP, TGA, NH3-TPD and ICP analysis after synthesis. The Fauj/ZIF-8 nanocomposites with high acidity and micro-meso structure showed good stability. Two prepared composites were used as catalysts in organic reactions including esterification of acetic acid by four different alcohols and aldol condensation of benzaldehyde derivatives 2-X and 4-X. The results of these catalytic applications show that the use of nanocomposites yields is above 90% with good reusability under solvent free condition for esterification and aldol condensation reactions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":509,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Surveys from Asia","volume":"28 1","pages":"58 - 73"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138563493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of Promoters (Co, Cr, Fe, Zr) on the Performance of MnO2/CeO2 Catalysts for NO Reduction at Low Temperatures Using NH3-SCR","authors":"Shyam Sunder Rao, Sweta Sharma","doi":"10.1007/s10563-023-09416-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10563-023-09416-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study examined the effect of various promoters (Co, Cr, Fe, Zr) in reducing NO using the NH<sub>3</sub>-SCR reaction on the MnO<sub>2</sub>/CeO<sub>2</sub>-Nanorod catalysts. The physicochemical properties of these catalysts were characterized using Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope, scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Characterization analysis revealed uniform dispersion of active metals on CeO<sub>2</sub>-Nanorod supports, desired active metal-support synergism, small crystallite sizes, high specific surface areas, and an appreciable amount of surface lattice oxygen in Co–MnO<sub>2</sub>/CeO<sub>2</sub>-Nanorod catalysts. Co–MnO<sub>2</sub>/CeO<sub>2</sub>-Nanorod catalyst showed the best NH<sub>3</sub>-SCR activity at low temperatures. The NO conversion and N<sub>2</sub> selectivity are 87 and 85%, respectively, at 300 °C with excellent stability. The Co–MnO<sub>2</sub>/CeO<sub>2</sub>-Nanorod catalyst also showed excellent tolerance against the H<sub>2</sub>O and the SO<sub>2</sub>. The catalyst’s performance can be attributed to its high surface area, oxygen storage capacity, high Ce<sup>3+</sup> content, and evenly distributed promoters.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":509,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Surveys from Asia","volume":"28 1","pages":"88 - 100"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138553096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Highly Active Mesoporous Zirconium Nitride Immobilized on SiO2 Synthesized by Complex-Assisted Method with EDTA and KHP for Catalytic Hydroconversion of Crude Palm Oil","authors":"Wan Ryan Asri, Hasanudin Hasanudin, Karna Wijaya","doi":"10.1007/s10563-023-09413-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10563-023-09413-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This research aims to transform crude palm oil (CPO) into biofuels through a catalytic hydrocracking method using a SiO<sub>2</sub>–ZrN catalyst prepared by the chelate-assisted EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid), denoted as SiO<sub>2</sub>–ZrN2 and KHP (potassium hydrogen phthalate), denoted as SiO<sub>2</sub>–ZrN3 catalysts, respectively. The as-prepared catalysts were characterized using XRD, FTIR, SEM-EDX mapping, PSA, gravimetric acidity analysis, and N<sub>2</sub> adsorption–desorption. The transformation of SiO<sub>2</sub>–Zr to SiO<sub>2</sub>–ZrN through the nitriding treatment was able to change the particle size distribution of the catalyst from heterogeneous to homogeneous, as well as enhance the acidity the acidity and textural features with a highly dispersed ZrN on the silica. CPO hydrocracking test revealed that SiO<sub>2</sub>–ZrN prepared by chelate-assisted EDTA and KHP achieved high catalytic activity towards CPO hydroconversion followed by high liquid and low coke formation with an adequate stability performance. SiO<sub>2</sub>–ZrN successfully suppressed the formation of long-chain into short-chain hydrocarbon. Both SiO<sub>2</sub>–ZrN2 and SiO<sub>2</sub>–ZrN3 each exhibited a high fraction towards aviation fuel compared to parent SiO<sub>2</sub> and SiO<sub>2</sub>–Zr.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":509,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Surveys from Asia","volume":"28 1","pages":"74 - 87"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138532691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enhanced Catalysis of Mechano-Chemically Synthesized KMgF3 Catalysts for the Knoevenagel Condensation","authors":"Hajime Iida, Shouya Sugiyama, Tatsuya Horie","doi":"10.1007/s10563-023-09412-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10563-023-09412-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The catalytic activity of KMgF<sub>3</sub> catalysts for a Knoevenagel condensation reaction was enhanced by synthesizing the catalysts mechano-chemically. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller specific surface area and number of strongly basic site on KMgF<sub>3</sub> were increased by applying greater mechanical energy (i.e. a higher rotation rate) during the mechano-chemical process. These increases were caused by stronger mechano-chemical effects such as micronization of the particles and the introduction of lattice defects onto the surface, which resulted in an enhancement of the catalytic activity of KMgF<sub>3</sub> toward a Knoevenagel condensation reaction. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis revealed that the elemental composition of the KMgF<sub>3</sub> surface was similar to that for K<sub>2</sub>MgF<sub>4</sub>, indicating the possibility that the true active component for this reaction was K<sub>2</sub>MgF<sub>4</sub> rather than KMgF<sub>3</sub>. Kinetic measurements revealed that Knoevenagel condensation catalyzed by KMgF<sub>3</sub> was a first-order reaction with an estimated apparent activation energy of 55.8 kJmol<sup>−1</sup>. A soluble component capable of acting as a catalyst was not present in the solution; the KMgF<sub>3</sub> acted as a true solid catalyst.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":509,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Surveys from Asia","volume":"28 1","pages":"26 - 35"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134957191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kalpana Maheria, Ramesh Kumar Chowdari, Janusz Kozinski, Ajay Kumar Dalai
{"title":"Synthesis of n-Butyl Levulinate Over Caesium Containing Heteropoly Acid Supported Zeolite β Catalysts","authors":"Kalpana Maheria, Ramesh Kumar Chowdari, Janusz Kozinski, Ajay Kumar Dalai","doi":"10.1007/s10563-023-09410-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10563-023-09410-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The aim of the present work is to investigate an environmentally benign method for the catalytic conversion of biomass derived compounds into fine chemicals. Levulinic acid (LA) is one of the key biomass-derived chemicals that can be converted into biofuels and various other value-added chemicals. <i>n </i>-Butyl levulinate ester is an important chemical used in the production of fuel additives, solvents, plasticizing agents, and odorous substances. The work presented here focused on the esterification of <i>n</i>-butyl levulinate by reaction of LA and <i>n</i>-butanol in the presence of synthesized 20% tungstophosphoric acid (TPA) supported zeolite β (TPA-Zβ), CsTPA-Zβ and Cs-Zβ catalysts. Various catalyst characterization techniques have been used, specifically, XRD, SEM–EDS, FT-IR, nitrogen physisorption and NH<sub>3 </sub>-TPD. The highest % yield of <i>n </i>-butyl levulinate is obtained with shorter reaction time in the case of a 20% TPA supported zeolite β catalyst, calcined at 300 °C. The addition of Cs ions to TPA appears to improve catalytic performance.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":509,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Surveys from Asia","volume":"28 1","pages":"36 - 47"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135637136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Integrating Ni, Pt, and Pd on Biphasic Cu-Doped Bi2O3 for Physicochemical Characteristics and Superior Light Driven Elimination of Pollutants","authors":"Anuradha Sharma, Anuj Mittal, Shankar Sharma, Muhammad Tahir, Deepak Parmar, Pardeep Singh, Naveen Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s10563-023-09411-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10563-023-09411-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fabrication of composite photocatalysts that provide an easy charge transfer mechanism to enhance the photocatalytic activity is a promising approach for the removal of organic contaminants from the water bodies. In this series, for the first time, we have decorated Ni, Pt, and Pd on the surface of hydrothermally synthesized Cu-doped biphasic Bi2O3. The synthesized composites were analyzed using advanced characterization techniques to uncover the physicochemical properties of the materials. The XRD results revealed well crystalline nature of the materials with enhanced particle size as compared to binary composite. The optical analysis showed the improved optical characteristics of ternary composites. The photocatalytic activity was tested against the RhB and observed the ternary materials with enhanced activity when compared with the binary composite and 5 wt% was the optimum loading of the metal on the surface of Cu- doped Bi2O3. Pd decorated samples showed the highest photo removal of RhB where complete mineralization of dye is achieved only in 50 min which is ascribed to the increased absorption and reduced reunion of charge carriers. The effect of pH of the reaction medium and the role of reactive oxygen species were also examined. In the acidic medium, complete degradation of dye is achieved in 10 min only and holes are found prominent active species for the degradation of RhB. The synthesized materials were stable and could be used many times without significant loss in the photocatalytic activity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":509,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Surveys from Asia","volume":"28 1","pages":"101 - 116"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135321612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Theoretical Study on the Synthesis of Urea by Electrochemical Nitrate and Carbon Dioxide over COF Series Catalysts","authors":"Yingjun Hou, Ling Guo","doi":"10.1007/s10563-023-09408-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10563-023-09408-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Catalytic synthesis of urea is a bright substitutable to Haber–Bosch progression and industrial urea synthesis. Electrochemical C–N coupling of carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides under environmental conditions is a newly developed method, which also provides a novel opinion for solving nitrate contamination. Conjugated organic frameworks (COFs) have been used as prospective electrocatalysts for nitrogen reduction reactions and carbon dioxide reduction reactions (CO<sub>2</sub>RR) as a result of their regulate structure and multihole properties, resulting in efficient electron transfer. This paper reports the efficient synthesis of urea from carbon dioxide and nitrate over MoM<sub>1</sub>S-Pc-M<sub>2</sub>PPs COF (M as a transition metal) electrocatalyst. According to the calculation of DFT, it was found that it was difficult for carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxide to coadsorb on MoM<sub>1</sub>S-Pc to synthesize urea, so we chose to synthesize CO on the metal porphyrin (M<sub>2</sub>PPs) structural unit, and then overflow on the bimetallic phthalocyanine and nitrogen oxide to synthesize urea. The possibility of nitrate adsorption on different catalysts was verified by calculation. We screened the stability, nitrate adsorption strength, and catalytic activity of MoM<sub>1</sub>S-Pc candidates, and the results showed that the most promising candidate catalyst was MoFeS-Pc. At the same time, the CO<sub>2</sub>RR M<sub>2</sub>PPs substrate was also screened, and the VPPs structure was selected as the best. In the study of coupling between different nitrogen-containing intermediates and *CO, the C–N coupling mechanism shows that *NOH and *CO are two possible C–N coupling nitrogen intermediates, which are shown to be thermodynamically spontaneous and have an inferior activation barrier. This study not only provisions novel perceptions into urea synthesis by coupling nitrogen oxides with carbon dioxide under environmental conditions, but also paves the way for boosting the sustainable production of carbon and nitrogen-coupled products.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":509,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Surveys from Asia","volume":"28 1","pages":"117 - 133"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135863643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}