Catalysis Surveys from Asia最新文献

{"title":"Catalytic Performance of TiO2/SO₄²⁻ Prepared from TiO2 Precursors with Different Aggregation Scales in Transesterification","authors":"Khyrullah Khan,&nbsp;Wei Wang,&nbsp;Hongkai Tian,&nbsp;Zhidong Chang,&nbsp;Bin Dong,&nbsp;Natnael Ghebretatios,&nbsp;Kiran Rasheed,&nbsp;Benard Otota","doi":"10.1007/s10563-026-09475-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10563-026-09475-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The aggregation of TiO₂ precursors affects the structural evolution and catalytic performance of sulfated titania, highlighting a relationship between microscale and macroscale reactivity. In the present work, the sulfated titania (TiO₂/SO₄²⁻) solid acid catalysts were synthesized through the impregnation approach using two different precursors, pre-aggregated TiO₂ (microscale) and molecular-scale Ti(OH)₄. The catalysts were characterized using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis, and ammonia temperature-programmed desorption (NH₃-TPD). Their catalytic activity was tested in the transesterification reaction of ethyl acetate with n-butanol. The TiO₂/SO₄²⁻ derived from Ti(OH)₄ precursor exhibited a single-phase anatase structure with (92%) higher specific surface area (63.85 m²g^− 1 vs. 33.38 m²g^− 1), smaller crystallite size (8.05 nm), and higher catalytic conversion (70%) as compared to the catalyst prepared from pre-aggregated TiO₂. These differences are attributed to variations in precursor aggregation, which influence crystallite growth, sulfate dispersion, and surface area acidity, thereby enhancing catalytic performance during transesterification. The present work establishes a link between TiO₂ precursor aggregation and the catalytic activity of TiO₂/SO₄²⁻. The results demonstrate that the aggregation state of the TiO₂ precursor inherently governs the physicochemical characteristics and catalytic behavior of sulfated titania, providing a rational basis for tailoring solid acid catalysts for esterification and transesterification reactions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":509,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Surveys from Asia","volume":"30 2","pages":"208 - 219"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147967944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Solvent Washing and Drying Strategies on the Optimization of Cobalt Oxide Catalysts for CO Oxidation","authors":"Chiu-Hung Liu,&nbsp;Shen-Wei Yu,&nbsp;Chih-Wei Tang,&nbsp;Chen-Bin Wang","doi":"10.1007/s10563-026-09474-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10563-026-09474-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, nanostructured cobalt oxides (CoO_x) were synthesized hydrothermally from Co(NO₃)₂·6H₂O and urea at 110 °C for 12 h, and the effects of washing (water or ethanol) and drying (oven drying or freeze-drying) pretreatments on their physicochemical properties and catalytic performance toward CO oxidation were systematically investigated. The catalysts were characterized using XRD, FTIR, SEM/TEM, BET, TPR, Raman, XPS, and EPR analysis, and their catalytic activities were evaluated in a custom-designed micro-reactor. The results show that pretreatment plays a decisive role in governing CO oxidation efficiency. Among all samples, the ethanol-washed and freeze-dried catalyst (CoO_x E–F) displayed the highest activity, achieving T₅₀ and T₁₀₀ temperatures of 62 °C and 125 °C, respectively. The superior performance of CoO_x E–F is attributed to the efficient removal of residual ions by ethanol washing and the structural preservation afforded by freeze-drying, which together produce highly dispersed nanostructures with large surface area, uniform mesoporosity, weakened Co–O bond strength, abundant Co³⁺ species, and a high concentration of oxygen vacancies. These results demonstrate that combining ethanol washing with freeze-drying is an effective pretreatment strategy for optimizing defect formation and enhancing the intrinsic catalytic properties of Co₃O₄-based catalysts for low-temperature CO oxidation.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture><span>The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.</span></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":509,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Surveys from Asia","volume":"30 2","pages":"195 - 207"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10563-026-09474-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147968152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancement of the Piezo-Electro-Catalytic Activity of CuCrO2 for the Oxidation of Organic Pollutants in Water Under Sunlight","authors":"Abdelaziz Sahmi,&nbsp;Hicham Lahmar,&nbsp;Messaoud Benamira,&nbsp;Mohamed Trari","doi":"10.1007/s10563-026-09476-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10563-026-09476-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The delafossite CuCrO₂ exhibits a piezo-photo-electrocatalytic activity for the oxidation of Methyl Green (MG), under sunlight. It was synthesized by sol–gel route with an increased surface/volume ratio; the porosity is shown by the SEM analysis, the particles consist of a combination of spherical and dendritic grains, with an average size ranging from 0.2 to 1.5 μm. The direct transition (1.93 eV) is attributed to Cr³⁺: <i>t</i>_<i>2g</i> <i>– e</i>_<i>g</i> transition of CrO₆ octahedra layers parallel to the (<b><i>a</i></b>,<b><i> b</i></b>) plane, giving CuCrO₂ an anisotropic structure with reversible oxygen intercalation/desintercalation. The Intensity-Potential J(E) profile in Na₂SO₄ (3.5 g L^-1) shows a small hysteresis loop, indicating good electrochemical stability with a high oxygen over-potential and the capacitance plot suggests <b><i>p</i></b>-type conduction and the acceptor states (Cu²⁺) originate from oxygen insertion into the layered lattice. The free potential is more cathodic than the flat band potential (E_fb) of – 0.045 V, leading to spontaneous photocatalysis. The conduction band (– 1.75 V) reduce O₂ to O₂^•- radical and as application 66% oxidation of MG (20 mg L^− 1) was obtained by electro-catalysis through O₂^•- radicals under sunlight and a current of 200 mA. An enhancement up to 92% within 70 min has been reached by Sono-Photo-Electrocatalysis (SPE); in the “Ultrasound waves 60 kHz-Electric Current-Sunlight-CuCrO₂”. The MG oxidation obeys a pseudo-zero-order kinetic with a half-life (t_1/2) of 39 min and a reaction mechanism is proposed on the basis of the electrochemical study. These results are attributed to the piezoelectric and ferroelectric response of CuCrO₂. Our findings offer valuable insights for developing highly efficient piezo- and ferroelectric Nano-structures for the solar energy conversion.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":509,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Surveys from Asia","volume":"30 2","pages":"220 - 231"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147968153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Catalytic Strategies for the Selective Transformation of Biomass-Based Levulinic Acid and its Esters to 1,4-pentanediol: A Comprehensive Review","authors":"Ambika Manupathi,&nbsp;Sreedhar Gundekari,&nbsp;Sai Pallavi Thurlapati,&nbsp;Mohan Varkolu,&nbsp;Raju Mudhulkar,&nbsp;Sanjib Kumar Karmee,&nbsp;Krishnan Ravi","doi":"10.1007/s10563-025-09473-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10563-025-09473-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Levulinic acid (LA) and its esters, derived from lignocellulosic biomass, are important platform molecules central to the development of sustainable fuels, chemicals, and polymers. Among their valorization methods, the selective catalytic hydrogenation of LA to 1,4-pentanediol has been attracting significant attention due to the wide-ranging applications of 1,4-pentanediol in polymers, pharmaceuticals, coatings, and solvents sectors. This review provides a comprehensive evaluation of catalytic strategies for levulinic acid to1,4-pentanediol conversion, encompassing noble-metal, non-noble, bimetallic, and trimetallic systems. Noble-metal catalysts (Au, Pd, Ru, Pt) have demonstrated exceptional activity and selectivity under mild conditions; while cost-effective non-noble systems (Cu, Co, Ni) achieve competitive yields through redox synergy, support modification, and nanoconfinement. Bimetallic and trimetallic catalysts further enhance efficiency by exploiting synergistic interactions between active metals and promoters, enabling yields exceeding 90% with excellent stability and recyclability. The effects of different supports, solvents, and reaction conditions are critically examined, highlighting how bifunctional active sites, hydrogen spillover, and acid–base balance govern the product selectivity. Recent advances include the potential of continuous-flow systems and multifunctional catalysts for industrial application. Finally, future perspectives are outlined, focusing on effectiveness of catalyst, scalability, and designing appropriate process for the large-scale production of 1,4-pentanediol from renewable feedstocks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":509,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Surveys from Asia","volume":"30 2","pages":"97 - 127"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147968184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Carbon Dioxide on the Activity of Pd–Pt Bimetallic Catalysts During Partial Oxidation of Methane Towards Enriched Hydrogen Production","authors":"Aravindh Rajagopalan,&nbsp;Bhalamphiga Arasi Thirumalarasu,&nbsp;Sasangan Ramanathan,&nbsp;Udaya Bhaskar Reddy Ragula","doi":"10.1007/s10563-025-09472-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10563-025-09472-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hydrogen production via catalytic partial oxidation of methane is a promising route for the direct use of renewable feedstock such as biogas. High-temperature partial oxidation is preferred for a higher hydrogen selectivity. The Pd-based catalysts undergo a deactivation phase transition by coke deposition between 625 and 725 °C, resulting in a significant drop in methane conversion. The strategies adapted to limit the coke deposition were (1) introduce an inert diluent and (2) use a suitable promoter to reduce the active metal particle size. In this study, Pd/γ-Al₂O₃ and Pd–Pt/γ-Al₂O₃ catalysts were synthesized using wetness impregnation and characterized for morphology, crystallography, and surface chemistry. The catalysts’ performance was studied in a quartz packed bed reactor between 625 and 725 °C, at a gas hourly space velocity of 36,800 ml/(g_cat.hr), and a CH₄:CO₂:O₂ ratio of 1:0.5:0.5. The maximum methane and carbon dioxide conversion was 64% and 49% for Pd–Pt/γ-Al₂O₃ and 48% and 36% for Pd/γ-Al₂O₃ at 725 °C. The drop in methane conversion was not observed in the Pd–Pt/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst. The hydrogen selectivity was 85% and 90% for the Pd/γ-Al₂O₃ and the Pd–Pt/γ-Al₂O_3, respectively, at 725 °C. The enhanced performance of Pd–Pt/γ-Al₂O₃ is attributed to the presence of the Pd–Pt alloy, smaller active particles, and higher dispersion evident from the morphological and electronic configuration studies. Though the amount of coke is higher for the Pd–Pt/γ-Al₂O₃, it has a lower graphitization and is easy to remove. These findings make the Pd–Pt/γ-Al₂O₃ a potential catalyst for the enhanced hydrogen production from biogas partial oxidation without feedstock separation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":509,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Surveys from Asia","volume":"30 2","pages":"177 - 194"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147967989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Effects of Preparation Method as well as the Addition of CuOx Species on Co3O4 Catalysts Towards Preferential Oxidation of CO in H2 Rich Stream","authors":"Choene Clement Tsoke,&nbsp;Reineck Mhlaba,&nbsp;John Moma,&nbsp;Takalani Magadzu","doi":"10.1007/s10563-025-09471-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10563-025-09471-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":509,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Surveys from Asia","volume":"30 1","pages":"95 - 95"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10563-025-09471-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147341363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantum Chemical Semi-empirical Approach in Transition-State-Shape-Selectivity-Based Catalytic Activity Prediction: Application to Zeolites","authors":"Ivan V. Vakulin,&nbsp;Denis Rakhmanov,&nbsp;Rifkat F. Talipov,&nbsp;Rufina A. Zilberg,&nbsp;Guzalia R. Talipova","doi":"10.1007/s10563-025-09469-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10563-025-09469-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The development of the theoretical approach based on the concept of “Transition State Shape Selectivity” is proposed, which allows screening of porous materials for their ability to increase the reaction selectivity. The key features of this approach are modeling of the interactions of transition state (TS) with a cavity and using the frozen TS structure as a probe. The consequences of replacing semi-empirical methods with molecular mechanics (MM) in this approach of catalytic activity assessment are considered. Using zeolite clusters with full channels for a list of frameworks with various pore sizes (namely ANA, NAT, TON, MTW, LOS, EUO, MEL, MEI and KFI) as a screening set, PM6-D3H4 was selected as the most adequate method for this type of modeling. Using TSs of the Prins reaction as probes, it was shown that the energy of TS placement in a cavity nonlinearly depends on the channel diameter and reaches a minimum at a certain optimal diameter, which depends on the TS size. Using PM6-D3H4 and AM1 methods, it is shown that searching for the TS structure directly in the zeolite pore only slightly changes the TS geometrical and electronic parameters relative to the TS structure, which was optimized in isolation. Therefore, using frozen TS structures seems justified, and determining only the optimal TS placement in the cavity is sufficient for adequate screening results. Using PM6-D3H4 instead of MM allows one, e.g., to correctly evaluate the influence of elemental exchanges in zeolite frameworks, such as the changes in the Al:Si ratio.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture><span>The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.</span></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":509,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Surveys from Asia","volume":"30 2","pages":"145 - 164"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147968108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural Dependency in Base-Free Glycerol Oxidation over Ordered PtSb Intermetallics for Selective Dihydroxyacetone Production","authors":"Junyan Fang,&nbsp;Wenyao Chen,&nbsp;Yueqiang Cao,&nbsp;Jing Zhang,&nbsp;Xuezhi Duan,&nbsp;Gang Qian,&nbsp;Xinggui Zhou","doi":"10.1007/s10563-025-09470-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10563-025-09470-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Achieving high selectivity toward dihydroxyacetone (DHA) in the base-free oxidation of glycerol is difficult, as it requires preferential activation of the intrinsically less reactive secondary hydroxyl group. To address this, well-defined ordered intermetallic compounds (IMCs) with distinct phases were constructed. Two PtSb IMCs, Pt₁Sb₁/CNT and Pt₁Sb₂/CNT, were synthesized via an impregnation-reduction method using carbon nanotubes (CNT) as supports. The Pt₁Sb₁/CNT catalyst demonstrated superior activity (79.9% conversion) and DHA selectivity (61.1%) compared to Pt₁Sb₂/CNT (70.1%, 55.8%), alongside enhanced durability. More importantly, Pt₁Sb₁/CNT delivers a markedly higher intrinsic activity, with a turnover frequency (TOF) of 299 h⁻¹, over twice that of Pt₁Sb₂/CNT (144 h⁻¹). This performance superiority is attributed to its finer nanoparticle size, more electron-deficient Pt surfaces, and robust structural integrity. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations unveiled that the C–H bond cleavage is the rate-determining step and identified a strikingly lower energy barrier for secondary C–H activation on the Pt₁Sb₁(100) surface (0.68 eV) than on Pt₁Sb₂(210) (0.95 eV), which conclusively explains the phase-dependent selectivity. This work underscores the critical role of intermetallic phase selection in designing high-performance catalysts for biomass valorization via precise geometric and electronic engineering.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":509,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Surveys from Asia","volume":"30 2","pages":"165 - 176"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147898400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Preparation Method as well as the Addition of CuOx Species on Co3O4 Catalysts Towards Preferential Oxidation of CO in H2 Rich Stream","authors":"Choene Clement Tsoke,&nbsp;Reineck Mhlaba,&nbsp;John Moma,&nbsp;Takalani Magadzu","doi":"10.1007/s10563-025-09468-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10563-025-09468-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Copper doped on cobalt oxide-based catalysts prepared by hydrothermal and reflux methods were investigated for preferential oxidation of carbon monoxide (CO(PrOx) in hydrogen rich stream. The FTIR spectra of as-prepared catalysts showed the presence of Co³⁺–O²⁻ and Co²⁺–O²⁻ stretching vibrations arising from Co₃O₄ spinel crystal structure, as confirmed by the XRD, TEM, and H₂-TPR data. The reflux prepared 5 wt% CuOx/Co₃O₄ catalyst demonstrated a notable CO conversion of 91% at 80 °C, compared to its hydrothermal counterpart. The activity is correlated with strong Cu–Co interactions within the spinel matrix and the unique catalyst morphology. These favoured the formation of high surface oxygen vacancies and small crystallite size (~ 5.5 nm), contributing to large pore structure and higher BET surface area of 64.9 m²/g. The surface oxidation states of Cu and Co were revealed to consists of Cu⁺, Cu²⁺, Co²⁺ and Co³⁺ by the XPS spectra, which drove Cu⁺+ Co³⁺↔Cu²⁺+ Co²⁺ redox synergy. A decrease in content of active species (Cu⁺ and Co³⁺) with time on stream was observed during CO(PrOx). The as prepared 5 wt% CuO_x/Co₃O₄(Ref) catalyst showed good stability under dry and CO₂ environments, and its activity deactivate in moisture environment. This work offers a novel strategy for preparation of active CO(PrOx) catalysts with the aim to promote adoption of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) technology.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":509,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Surveys from Asia","volume":"30 2","pages":"128 - 144"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10563-025-09468-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147968075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enzyme-Triggered Synthesis and Functionalization of Five-Membered Nitrogen Atom(s) Containing Heterocycles","authors":"Shivangi Jaiswal,&nbsp;Annu Bhardwaj,&nbsp;Jaya Dwivedi,&nbsp;Swapnil Sharma","doi":"10.1007/s10563-025-09467-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10563-025-09467-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nitrogen heterocycles are ubiquitous, found in a wide range of natural products, pharmaceuticals, and industrial chemicals. Inspired by the ingenuity of nitrogen heterocycles in nature, the facile and efficient synthesis of heterocycles requires considerable attention from the investigator. Recently, the application of enzymes has been explored for the synthesis of a wide range of chemicals, natural products, synthetic building blocks, and bioactive agents. This review summarizes the latest reports on the enzyme-triggered reaction for the green synthesis of various five-membered nitrogen heterocycles, including pyrrole, pyrazole, imidazole, triazole, and tetrazole, between 2005 and 2025. Additionally, the role of enzyme catalysis in the development of various therapeutic agents has been highlighted, encompassing the latest updates.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":509,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Surveys from Asia","volume":"30 1","pages":"1 - 23"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147338261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}