Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care最新文献

{"title":"Developmental delay in a community setting: Role of a primary care physician","authors":"Manish Taywade, Payel Roy, Pankaj K. Mohanty","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1708_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1708_23","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 \u0000 The early part of childhood especially the first 1000 days plays an essential role in the growth and development of the child. Various internal and external factors affect the child’s development, including genetic factors, socioeconomic status, sociocultural environment, maternal mental health, and the parenting environment. There is a high prevalence of developmental delay 17.6% globally, whereas in India, it is around 6.6%. Numerous screening tools are available to detect developmental delay in the child early. Early identification and intervention are crucial because we can have a better outcome for the child if intervention is performed on time. The children can be identified during the postnatal follow-up period. Literature has shown that few parents take their children for regular developmental assessment after delivery. Identifying the developmental impairment early from a primary care physician’s point of view is essential. In India under the Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Kariyakram (RBSK), the children are screened at home, Anganwadi centers, and schools to detect at-risk children under 4D’s, so that early intervention can be planned by linking them to District Early Intervention Center.","PeriodicalId":509702,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140783577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glass door injury: A preventable public health problem","authors":"Sudip Bhattacharya, Amarjeet Singh, Vishal Kumar, V. Raj, A. Grover, G. Jahnavi, Suneela Garg","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_923_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_923_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":509702,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"139 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140784566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diabetes, hypertension, and other cardiovascular disease risk factors among adults in an urban underprivileged community in Bangalore city, India","authors":"David John, Avita R. Johnson, Farah N. Fathima, Rose Mundackal","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1256_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1256_23","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Diabetes and hypertension are major risk factors of cardiovascular disease, which is known to be the leading cause of global mortality in the world today. Studies have shown that the prevalence of these risk factors is on the rise, with the burden of diabetes alone increasing by 80% in the last two decades. Complications of diabetes and hypertension result in huge public health challenges for the country and catastrophic medical expenditures for families among the urban poor. Our study aims to estimate the prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, and other cardiovascular risk factors among adults in an urban underprivileged community of Bengaluru city.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of 6 months where 2245 individuals aged 30 or older were interviewed using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire used to capture sociodemographic details that assessed modifiable risk factors for diabetes and hypertension. Inclusion criteria for diabetes were considered if the random blood sugar reading was ≥200 mg/dL, whereas a diagnosis of hypertension was taken into consideration if the systolic blood pressure reading was ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure was ≥90 mmHg.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Among the 2245 participants that took part in the study, 15.5% were diabetics and 17.2% were hypertensive. There was a strong association of diabetes among consumers of alcohol, with more than one-third having a high prevalence of the disease (odds ratio (OR): 2.09, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.1–3.9). More than half the population were consumers of junk food; the prevalence of diabetes in this group was 1.35 times higher than that in their counterparts (OR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.0–1.8). A significant association of diabetes was also seen among those identified with central obesity (OR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.4–2.5). One-third of the population who consumed alcohol were found to be diagnosed with hypertension (OR: 3.08, 95% CI: 1.6–5.9), and one-fifth of individuals who were regular consumers of junk food had a higher prevalence of hypertension (OR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.1–1.8). A higher prevalence of hypertension was also seen among individuals with central obesity or a body mass index (BMI) of >30 (OR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.2–2.1; OR: 1.92, 95% CI: 1.4–2.6).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The findings from our study conducted in an urban underprivileged area of Bengaluru city shed light on the significant associations between diabetes and hypertension and various demographic and lifestyle factors. Specifically, male gender and lower educational status were found to have a significant association with diabetes, whereas being unmarried and having a high BMI status were strongly linked to hypertension. In addition, the study revealed that elderly individuals, alcohol consumers, junk food eaters, and those with central obesity demonstrated an increased risk for both diabetes and hypertension. By identifying these risk factors, targeted interventions can be developed to addre","PeriodicalId":509702,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"23 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140765994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional experiences of postpartum mothers - A qualitative study","authors":"Shainy Sravanthi Bathula, Kanta Helena, Krishnaveni Avvaru","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_904_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_904_23","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The postpartum period is crucial for both mother and infant as additional maternal nutrition needs to support the needs of self and that of an infant in the form of adequate breastfeeding. The dietary choices of women during the postpartum period were heavily influenced by traditional cultural beliefs surrounding these periods.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 To explore the experiences regarding postpartum nutrition and various nutritional practices during this period.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The study was a community-based cross-sectional qualitative study performed in the urban field practicing area of Government Medical College during the months of October and November 2022 on postnatal mothers who have crossed not more than one month of completion of their postpartum period (first six weeks of delivery).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Two focus group discussions (FGDs) and 15 in-depth interviews (IDIs) were conducted with the postnatal mothers and their caregivers using a pre-prepared semi-structured discussion guide comprising open-ended questions. Each interview/discussion was recorded electronically after taking verbal consent.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The recorded responses were transcribed verbatim and translated into English. The data were analyzed thematically and were grouped into a few broad themes.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Most mothers followed strict dietary restrictions for the first 15 days of delivery. Fruits were avoided by many of the mothers. The mothers took iron-rich foods like jaggery and green leafy vegetables in excess. Protein-rich foods like meat, egg, fish, and dal were avoided by most of the mothers. The beliefs of the mothers and caregivers about various food items were that they may cause ill health to mother and baby, considered as hot and cold foods and also out of ignorance.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Most of the practices were beneficial to the mother and a few of them were harmful like avoiding protein-rich foods, few vegetables, most fruits, and night meals. The harmful nutritional practices can be addressed by educating the mother and also the caregiver who prepares the puerperal diet.\u0000","PeriodicalId":509702,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"91 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140769141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring factors influencing the perspective regarding HIV transmission and prevention among college students in India","authors":"N. Khargekar, Apurva Takke, Shreyasi Athalye, Priyanka Panale, Nithin Rajamani, Anindita Banerjee","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1756_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1756_23","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Although many studies have been conducted to assess the knowledge and practices among healthcare workers, high-risk groups or medical students, very few studies have been conducted among college students from non-medical backgrounds. Our study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes and perception about human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) among the college students of the Mumbai region and to determine their association with the socio-demographic variables.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A cross-sectional online and offline questionnaire survey was conducted among 401 college students from the month of August 2022 to October 2022. Mean score and percentage were used to analyse the data.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 About 82.04% of participants exhibited good knowledge about HIV transmission and prevention, while 46.38% had a positive attitude towards HIV. Age, gender, religion and education had not influenced either knowledge or attitude significantly. Overall, knowledge score had a weak positive correlation with attitude of the participants.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Our study findings indicate that a holistic approach covering knowledge, psychological and societal health aspects is necessary among youth in India for positive changes in people’s behaviour and achieving HIV prevention and management goals which will benefit public health at large.\u0000","PeriodicalId":509702,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"168 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140784439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proportion of dry eye in type II diabetics","authors":"Gagandeep K. Brar, Maninder Bawa, Charu Chadha, Twinkle Gupta, Harnoor Kaur","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1268_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1268_23","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Diabetes mellitus is a multisystem disorder, which is one of the most prevalent and important non-infectious causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. While diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic cataracts are well-known complications, dry eye syndrome (DES), also referred to as keratoconjunctivitis sicca, is also common in the diabetic population. If left untreated, severe dry eye may lead to eye inflammation, abrasion of the corneal surface, corneal ulcers, and vision loss. So, it is very important to diagnose it earlier as these devastating complications can be prevented.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A total of 200 adult patients diagnosed with type II diabetes of either sex with an age more than 40 years were selected. Complete ophthalmological examination was done. Dry eye was diagnosed on the basis of various objective tests, and proportion of dry eye and its relation with glycemic control were studied.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Patients with uncontrolled type II diabetes had a higher proportion of dry eye disease. A significant co-relation was found among the FBS levels, the HbA1c levels, age, duration of disease, and dry eye in patients with diabetes. No significant co-relation was found between the sex of the patient and dry eye in patients with diabetes. Hence, our study recommends that primary care physicians should advise their patients to get clinical evaluation for dry eye done along with diabetic retinopathy in uncontrolled diabetes.\u0000","PeriodicalId":509702,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"910 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140787627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral health assessment and treatment needs of 12- and 15-year-old children residing in tribal welfare and private hostels – A comparative study","authors":"Soumya Ojha, Ananya Bhargava, Apoorva Bhargava, Swapnil Singh, Siddhi Yadav","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1283_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1283_23","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Oral health is an integral part of general health. Providing oral health care facilities and creating awareness about the oral health problem in under-served children and communities may lead to a better oral-health-related quality of life of the individual. The present study aims to assess and compare the oral health status and treatment needs of 12- and 15-year-old children residing in tribal welfare hostels and other private hostels of Bhopal district, Madhya Pradesh.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The present descriptive cross-sectional study consisted of a total sample size of 800 children, 400 in each group (tribal welfare hostel and private hostel groups). Oral health status and treatment needs were assessed using World Health Organization proforma 1997. Oral health behavior including health of teeth and gums, oral hygiene aids, brushing frequency, consumption of sweets in between meals, and present general and oral health was assessed. Utilization of dental services was also assessed using a pre-designed questionnaire, which was completed by the study participants.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Statistical analysis was carried out using Chi-square test. Significant differences were noted between the groups in regarding oral health behaviors and visit to a dentist during the past 12 months (P = 0.002*), which were lower in tribal children. Tribal children were having higher dental fluorosis as compared to the private hostel children (P = 0.043*). Decay in permanent teeth (P = 0.006*) and missing of permanent teeth (P = 0.05*) were higher among tribal children.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The present study revealed a poor oral health status and treatment needs of tribal children. Tribal children were having higher dental fluorosis as compared to the private hostel children. Decay in permanent teeth and missing of permanent teeth were higher among tribal children. Oral health behaviors and utilization of dental services were lower in tribal children. Good oral health has a definitive influence on general health and thus contributes to self-image and social interaction.\u0000","PeriodicalId":509702,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"201 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140792286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drinking water, sanitation, hygiene, and health conditions in India: Findings from the national sample survey","authors":"V. Vennu","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1435_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1435_23","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Uncertainty exists in the drinking water, sanitation, hygiene, and health conditions due to mosquitoes and flies across India. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the availability of drinking water, sanitation, hygiene, and health in India.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 We used secondary analysis data on 95,548 household members from the National Sample Survey, which included 113,822 homes and 555,351 persons across India between June 2017 and 2018.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 About 36.4% of household members stated that tube wells or boreholes outside the property at a distance of less than 0.2 km were their main source of drinking water. More than 87% of respondents said that the water they drank was free of impurities, and 55.1% said that it had not been treated. About 45.7% of respondents stated that there were no bathrooms in the dwellings. More than 50% of the time, according to the respondents, garbage was not collected. A flea or mosquito problem was reported by about 97% of households. Around 97% of households reported fevers that were caused by a disease.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In India, poor access to drinking water, sanitary facilities, good hygiene, and healthcare existed. The results will support the next visionary programs to increase living standards in the country.\u0000","PeriodicalId":509702,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"63 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140789616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin D and cardiovascular diseases: A narrative review","authors":"Eman M. Alissa","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1481_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1481_23","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 \u0000 Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and vitamin D deficiency are becoming highly prevalent among general populations. Despite plausible biological mechanisms for the role of vitamin D in cardio-protection, a cause-and-effect relationship has not yet been established. The interest in vitamin D as a potential therapeutic target to attenuate cardiovascular risk has been raised. The question about the benefit of vitamin D supplementation for cardiovascular outcomes cannot be answered certainly for the moment. The association between hypovitaminosis D and CVD has been proven by some studies while other studies deny any such link. The present narrative review gives a comprehensive overview of studies on the potential impact of hypovitaminosis D on CVD. The potential role of vitamin D supplementation in the management of CVD is also evaluated. Particular emphasis is paid to those studies that achieve a high level of scientific evidence.","PeriodicalId":509702,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"92 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140793920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and determinants of post-COVID-19 syndrome among patients 6 months post-discharge from a teaching hospital in South India","authors":"Binu Areekal, Nayana K. Thumbayil, T. E. F. Thasleema, Akshay Hareesh, Nidhinraj Parambath, N. Rithu, Betsy Varghese","doi":"10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1616_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1616_23","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection has affected millions of people worldwide in the last 4 years. Among those infected, the long-term COVID-19 syndrome, in which symptoms of COVID-19 persist for a variable period, is posing new challenges to the health system, but few studies are available in India that examine the post-COVID-19 syndrome, that is, 6 months and beyond COVID-19 infection. This study aimed to find the prevalence and determinants of post-COVID-19 syndrome among patients 6 months and beyond their infection.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This cross-sectional study was conducted among 300 patients who were admitted and discharged from Government Medical College, Thrissur, at least 6 months before with a diagnosis of COVID-19 infection. The data collection was performed using a semi-structured interview schedule through a telephonic interview. The analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 21% of the patients studied had at least one persistent symptom at the end of 6 months, and 4.1% had more than one symptom. Among the symptoms persisting most commonly were fatigue (11%) and dyspnea (7.7%). Other than persisting symptoms, 21% of patients developed exertional dyspnea and 19% developed sleep disturbances during the 6 months after discharge. The factors that were associated with persistent symptoms in univariate analysis were increasing age, presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), presence of chronic kidney disease (CKD), and admission to the intensive care unit (ICU).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The study concludes that one-fifth of the patients still suffer from post-COVID-19 syndrome even 6 months after the COVID-19 infection. Our health systems should be prepared for the long-term management of COVID-19-infected people and prepare policies for the same.\u0000","PeriodicalId":509702,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"284 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140778479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}