Vehicles最新文献_第3页

Modeling and Validation of a Passenger Car Tire Using Finite Element Analysis 利用有限元分析对乘用车轮胎进行建模和验证

Vehicles Pub Date : 2024-02-09 DOI: 10.3390/vehicles6010016

Haniyeh Fathi, Zeinab El-Sayegh, Jing Ren, M. El-Gindy

{"title":"Modeling and Validation of a Passenger Car Tire Using Finite Element Analysis","authors":"Haniyeh Fathi, Zeinab El-Sayegh, Jing Ren, M. El-Gindy","doi":"10.3390/vehicles6010016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vehicles6010016","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on the modeling and analysis of a four-groove passenger car tire, size 235/55R19, using finite element analysis. The Mooney–Rivlin material model is employed to define the hyperelastic behavior of the tire rubber compounds for all solid elements. The tire rim is modeled as a rigid body using aluminum alloy material, and the beads are modeled as beam elements using steel material. The tire model is validated in both static and dynamic domains through several simulations and is compared to published measured data. The tire is validated using footprint and vertical stiffness tests in the static domain. In the static footprint test, a steady-state vertical load is applied, and the tire–road contact area is computed. In the vertical stiffness test, a ramp vertical load is applied, and the tire’s vertical displacement is measured to calculate the tire’s vertical stiffness. In the dynamic domain, the tire is validated using drum-cleat and cornering tests. In the drum-cleat test, a drum with a 2.5 m diameter and a cleat with a 15 mm radius is used to excite the tire structure and obtain the frequency of the vertical and longitudinal first modes of vibration, that is, by applying the fast Fourier transformation (FFT) of the vertical and longitudinal reaction forces at the tire center. In addition to this test, the tire model is pre-steered on a flat surface with a two-degree slip angle and subjected to a steady state linear speed of 10 km/h to predict the cornering force and compute the cornering stiffness. In addition, the effect of tire longitudinal speed on the rolling resistance coefficient is then predicted at zero slip angle using the ISO 28580 rolling resistance test. The findings of this research work provide insights into passenger car tire–road interaction analysis and will be further used to perform tire rubber compound material model sensitivity analysis.","PeriodicalId":509694,"journal":{"name":"Vehicles","volume":"281 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139848490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modeling and Validation of a Passenger Car Tire Using Finite Element Analysis 利用有限元分析对乘用车轮胎进行建模和验证

Vehicles Pub Date : 2024-02-09 DOI: 10.3390/vehicles6010016

Haniyeh Fathi, Zeinab El-Sayegh, Jing Ren, M. El-Gindy

{"title":"Modeling and Validation of a Passenger Car Tire Using Finite Element Analysis","authors":"Haniyeh Fathi, Zeinab El-Sayegh, Jing Ren, M. El-Gindy","doi":"10.3390/vehicles6010016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vehicles6010016","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on the modeling and analysis of a four-groove passenger car tire, size 235/55R19, using finite element analysis. The Mooney–Rivlin material model is employed to define the hyperelastic behavior of the tire rubber compounds for all solid elements. The tire rim is modeled as a rigid body using aluminum alloy material, and the beads are modeled as beam elements using steel material. The tire model is validated in both static and dynamic domains through several simulations and is compared to published measured data. The tire is validated using footprint and vertical stiffness tests in the static domain. In the static footprint test, a steady-state vertical load is applied, and the tire–road contact area is computed. In the vertical stiffness test, a ramp vertical load is applied, and the tire’s vertical displacement is measured to calculate the tire’s vertical stiffness. In the dynamic domain, the tire is validated using drum-cleat and cornering tests. In the drum-cleat test, a drum with a 2.5 m diameter and a cleat with a 15 mm radius is used to excite the tire structure and obtain the frequency of the vertical and longitudinal first modes of vibration, that is, by applying the fast Fourier transformation (FFT) of the vertical and longitudinal reaction forces at the tire center. In addition to this test, the tire model is pre-steered on a flat surface with a two-degree slip angle and subjected to a steady state linear speed of 10 km/h to predict the cornering force and compute the cornering stiffness. In addition, the effect of tire longitudinal speed on the rolling resistance coefficient is then predicted at zero slip angle using the ISO 28580 rolling resistance test. The findings of this research work provide insights into passenger car tire–road interaction analysis and will be further used to perform tire rubber compound material model sensitivity analysis.","PeriodicalId":509694,"journal":{"name":"Vehicles","volume":" 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139788718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modernization of Railway Wagons for Customer Satisfaction and Safety 实现铁路货车现代化，提高客户满意度和安全性

Vehicles Pub Date : 2024-02-05 DOI: 10.3390/vehicles6010015

E. Nedeliaková, Michal Valla, Matej Masár

{"title":"Modernization of Railway Wagons for Customer Satisfaction and Safety","authors":"E. Nedeliaková, Michal Valla, Matej Masár","doi":"10.3390/vehicles6010015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vehicles6010015","url":null,"abstract":"This article focuses on the assessment of the efficiency of the modernization of railway wagons intended for passenger transport. The modernization of railway wagons is an important step towards ensuring the safer and more efficient operation of railways. However, this modernization is not without risks and, in addition to its many positive effects, it can also bring new challenges in the form of breakdowns and technical problems. Failures in passenger rail vehicles are a challenge facing manufacturers and transport operators, and identifying the relationships between these failures can help to improve the design, manufacture, and maintenance of these vehicles. Passenger rail vehicle failures can vary in nature, whether mechanical, electrical, or inside the vehicle. This paper attempts to provide a comprehensive view of the effectiveness of passenger rail car retrofitting based on the data collected and statistical analyses. The article further focuses on the description of selected rail passenger wagons, describes the analyses of the statistical data using the correlation between the selected rail wagon failures and their significance, in addition to whether the impact of modernization reduces the number of rail wagon failures. The results of this statistical analysis can be used to better understand the impact of modernization on different aspects of passenger transport and will help in making future investment and policy decisions in this area. © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","PeriodicalId":509694,"journal":{"name":"Vehicles","volume":"36 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139863901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modernization of Railway Wagons for Customer Satisfaction and Safety 实现铁路货车现代化，提高客户满意度和安全性

Vehicles Pub Date : 2024-02-05 DOI: 10.3390/vehicles6010015

E. Nedeliaková, Michal Valla, Matej Masár

{"title":"Modernization of Railway Wagons for Customer Satisfaction and Safety","authors":"E. Nedeliaková, Michal Valla, Matej Masár","doi":"10.3390/vehicles6010015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vehicles6010015","url":null,"abstract":"This article focuses on the assessment of the efficiency of the modernization of railway wagons intended for passenger transport. The modernization of railway wagons is an important step towards ensuring the safer and more efficient operation of railways. However, this modernization is not without risks and, in addition to its many positive effects, it can also bring new challenges in the form of breakdowns and technical problems. Failures in passenger rail vehicles are a challenge facing manufacturers and transport operators, and identifying the relationships between these failures can help to improve the design, manufacture, and maintenance of these vehicles. Passenger rail vehicle failures can vary in nature, whether mechanical, electrical, or inside the vehicle. This paper attempts to provide a comprehensive view of the effectiveness of passenger rail car retrofitting based on the data collected and statistical analyses. The article further focuses on the description of selected rail passenger wagons, describes the analyses of the statistical data using the correlation between the selected rail wagon failures and their significance, in addition to whether the impact of modernization reduces the number of rail wagon failures. The results of this statistical analysis can be used to better understand the impact of modernization on different aspects of passenger transport and will help in making future investment and policy decisions in this area. © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","PeriodicalId":509694,"journal":{"name":"Vehicles","volume":"14 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139804110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cooperative Vehicle Localization in Multi-Sensor Multi-Vehicle Systems Based on an Interval Split Covariance Intersection Filter with Fault Detection and Exclusion 基于具有故障检测和排除功能的区间分割协方差交叉过滤器的多传感器多车辆系统中的合作车辆定位

Vehicles Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.3390/vehicles6010014

Xiaoyu Shan, A. Cabani, H. Chafouk

{"title":"Cooperative Vehicle Localization in Multi-Sensor Multi-Vehicle Systems Based on an Interval Split Covariance Intersection Filter with Fault Detection and Exclusion","authors":"Xiaoyu Shan, A. Cabani, H. Chafouk","doi":"10.3390/vehicles6010014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vehicles6010014","url":null,"abstract":"In the cooperative multi-sensor multi-vehicle (MSMV) localization domain, the data incest problem yields inconsistent data fusion results, thereby reducing the accuracy of vehicle localization. In order to address this problem, we propose the interval split covariance intersection filter (ISCIF). At first, the proposed ISCIF method is applied to the absolute positioning step. Then, we combine the interval constraint propagation (ICP) method and the proposed ISCIF method to realize relative positioning. Additionally, in order to enhance the robustness of the MSMV localization system, a Kullback–Leibler divergence (KLD)-based fault detection and exclusion (FDE) method is implemented in our system. Three simulations were carried out: Simulation scenarios 1 and 2 aimed to assess the accuracy of the proposed ISCIF with various capabilities of absolute vehicle positioning, while simulation scenario 3 was designed to evaluate the localization performance when faults were present. The simulation results of scenarios 1 and 2 demonstrated that our proposed vehicle localization method reduced the root mean square error (RMSE) by 8.9% and 15.5%, respectively, compared to the conventional split covariance intersection filter (SCIF) method. The simulation results of scenario 3 indicated that the implemented FDE method could effectively reduce the RMSE of vehicles (by about 55%) when faults were present in the system.","PeriodicalId":509694,"journal":{"name":"Vehicles","volume":"90 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139687239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Deep Learning-Based Stereopsis and Monocular Depth Estimation Techniques: A Review 基于深度学习的立体视觉和单目深度估计技术：综述

Vehicles Pub Date : 2024-01-31 DOI: 10.3390/vehicles6010013

Somnath Lahiri, Jing Ren, Xianke Lin

{"title":"Deep Learning-Based Stereopsis and Monocular Depth Estimation Techniques: A Review","authors":"Somnath Lahiri, Jing Ren, Xianke Lin","doi":"10.3390/vehicles6010013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vehicles6010013","url":null,"abstract":"A lot of research has been conducted in recent years on stereo depth estimation techniques, taking the traditional approach to a new level such that it is in an appreciably good form for competing in the depth estimation market with other methods, despite its few demerits. Sufficient progress in accuracy and depth computation speed has manifested during the period. Over the years, stereo depth estimation has been provided with various training modes, such as supervised, self-supervised, and unsupervised, before deploying it for real-time performance. These modes are to be used depending on the application and/or the availability of datasets for training. Deep learning, on the other hand, has provided the stereo depth estimation methods with a new life to breathe in the form of enhanced accuracy and quality of images, attempting to successfully reduce the residual errors in stages in some of the methods. Furthermore, depth estimation from a single RGB image has been intricate since it is an ill-posed problem with a lack of geometric constraints and ambiguities. However, this monocular depth estimation has gained popularity in recent years due to the development in the field, with appreciable improvements in the accuracy of depth maps and optimization of computational time. The help is mostly due to the usage of CNNs (Convolutional Neural Networks) and other deep learning methods, which help augment the feature-extraction phenomenon for the process and enhance the quality of depth maps/accuracy of MDE (monocular depth estimation). Monocular depth estimation has seen improvements in many algorithms that can be deployed to give depth maps with better clarity and details around the edges and fine boundaries, which thus helps in delineating between thin structures. This paper reviews various recent deep learning-based stereo and monocular depth prediction techniques emphasizing the successes achieved so far, the challenges acquainted with them, and those that can be expected shortly.","PeriodicalId":509694,"journal":{"name":"Vehicles","volume":"434 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140474594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Architecture and Potential of Connected and Autonomous Vehicles 互联和自动驾驶汽车的架构和潜力

Vehicles Pub Date : 2024-01-29 DOI: 10.3390/vehicles6010012

Michele Pipicelli, A. Gimelli, Bernardo Sessa, Francesco de Nola, Gianluca Toscano, G. Di Blasio

{"title":"Architecture and Potential of Connected and Autonomous Vehicles","authors":"Michele Pipicelli, A. Gimelli, Bernardo Sessa, Francesco de Nola, Gianluca Toscano, G. Di Blasio","doi":"10.3390/vehicles6010012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vehicles6010012","url":null,"abstract":"The transport sector is under an intensive renovation process. Innovative concepts such as shared and intermodal mobility, mobility as a service, and connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) will contribute to the transition toward carbon neutrality and are foreseen as crucial parts of future mobility systems, as demonstrated by worldwide efforts in research and industry communities. The main driver of CAVs development is road safety, but other benefits, such as comfort and energy saving, are not to be neglected. CAVs analysis and development usually focus on Information and Communication Technology (ICT) research themes and less on the entire vehicle system. Many studies on specific aspects of CAVs are available in the literature, including advanced powertrain control strategies and their effects on vehicle efficiency. However, most studies neglect the additional power consumption due to the autonomous driving system. This work aims to assess uncertain CAVs’ efficiency improvements and offers an overview of their architecture. In particular, a combination of the literature survey and proper statistical methods are proposed to provide a comprehensive overview of CAVs. The CAV layout, data processing, and management to be used in energy management strategies are discussed. The data gathered are used to define statistical distribution relative to the efficiency improvement, number of sensors, computing units and their power requirements. Those distributions have been employed within a Monte Carlo method simulation to evaluate the effect on vehicle energy consumption and energy saving, using optimal driving behaviour, and considering the power consumption from additional CAV hardware. The results show that the assumption that CAV technologies will reduce energy consumption compared to the reference vehicle, should not be taken for granted. In 75% of scenarios, simulated light-duty CAVs worsen energy efficiency, while the results are more promising for heavy-duty vehicles.","PeriodicalId":509694,"journal":{"name":"Vehicles","volume":"185 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140488419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

A Bidirectional Wireless Power Transfer System with Integrated Near-Field Communication for E-Vehicles 为电动汽车设计的集成近场通信的双向无线电力传输系统

Vehicles Pub Date : 2024-01-24 DOI: 10.3390/vehicles6010011

Weizhou Ye, N. Parspour

{"title":"A Bidirectional Wireless Power Transfer System with Integrated Near-Field Communication for E-Vehicles","authors":"Weizhou Ye, N. Parspour","doi":"10.3390/vehicles6010011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vehicles6010011","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the design of a bidirectional wireless power and information transfer system. The wireless information transfer is based on near-field technology, utilizing communication coils integrated into power transfer coils. Compared with conventional far-field-based communication methods (e.g., Bluetooth and WLAN), the proposed near-field-based communication method provides a peer-to-peer feature, as well as lower latency, which enables the simple paring of a transmitter and a receiver for power transfer and the real-time updating of control parameters. Using the established communication, control parameters are transmitted from one side of the system to another side, and the co-control of the inverter and the active rectifier is realized. In addition, this work innovatively presents the communication-signal-based synchronization of an inverter and a rectifier, which requires no AC current sensing in the power path and no complex algorithm for stabilization, unlike conventional current-based synchronization methods. The proposed information and power transfer system was measured under different operating conditions, including aligned and misaligned positions, operating points with different charging powers, and forward and reverse power transfer. The results show that the presented prototype allows a bidirectional power transfer of up to 1.2 kW, and efficiency above 90% for the power ranges from 0.6 kW to 1.2 kW was obtained. Furthermore, the integrated communication is robust to the crosstalk from the power transfer and misalignment, and a zero BER (bit error rate) and ultra-low latency of 15.36 µs are achieved. The presented work thus provides a novel solution to the synchronization and real-time co-control of an active rectifier and an inverter in a wireless power transfer system, utilizing integrated near-field-based communication.","PeriodicalId":509694,"journal":{"name":"Vehicles","volume":"25 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139602239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Meander Line Super-Wideband Radiator for Fifth-Generation (5G) Vehicles 用于第五代 (5G) 车辆的 Meander Line 超宽带辐射器

Vehicles Pub Date : 2024-01-23 DOI: 10.3390/vehicles6010010

Narayana Rao Palepu, Jayendra Kumar, Samineni Peddakrishna

引用次数: 0

The Vehicle Routing Problem with Simultaneous Pick-Up and Delivery under Fuzziness Considering Fuel Consumption 考虑油耗的模糊性条件下同时取货和送货的车辆路由问题

Vehicles Pub Date : 2024-01-17 DOI: 10.3390/vehicles6010009

Paraskevi Zacharia, Stavros Stavrinidis

引用次数: 0