World Journal of Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Unsteady thin film flow of a hybrid nanoliquid with magnetic effects","authors":"Kakanuti Malleswari, Sarojamma G.","doi":"10.1108/wje-01-2024-0043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/wje-01-2024-0043","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This study aims to explore the thermal energy diffusion and flow features of a hybrid nanofluid in a thin film. In particular, the focus is to elicit the impact of shape factor in the backdrop of a magnetic field. The hybrid nanofluid is the amalgamation of various shaped nanoscale particles of copper and alumina in water.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000The equations of motion and energy are modeled using the Tiwari–Das model. The differential equations governing the physics of the designed model have been obtained by the application of scaling analysis. To achieve quantitative outcomes, Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg numerical code along with shooting techniques is used. Validation of the derived outcomes with available data in literature reveals a greater accuracy of the numerical procedure used in this investigation.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The dynamics of the slender nano liquid film is explored eliciting the impact of various flow parameters. The rate of energy transport of the Cu-Al2O3/ water with blade-shaped nanoparticle, at a fixed Prandtl number (=2) is enhanced by 14.7% compared to that evaluated with spherical particles. The presence of hybrid nanoparticles has an affirmative impact in boosting the rate of heat transfer (RHT). The temperature and the rate of thermal diffusion of the hybrid nanofluid are more prominent than those of the Cu-H2O case. The numerical outcomes of this investigation are collated with the already published works as a limiting case and are found to be in good agreement.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000The adopted methodology helped to obtain the results of the present problem. To the best of authors’ knowledge, it can be shown that the originality of the work with the table of comparison. There is a good agreement between present outcomes with the existed results.\u0000","PeriodicalId":509668,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141795700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on interior beam–column joint sub-assemblage under bi-directional loading using finite element analysis","authors":"Shashikant Mahadev Nagargoje, Milinda Ashok Mahajan","doi":"10.1108/wje-03-2024-0129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/wje-03-2024-0129","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose\u0000The purpose of this paper is to study the shearing performance under bi-directional loading of an interior beam–column joint (BCJ) sub-assemblage using the finite element analysis (FEA) tool (midas fea), validated in this research.\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000The BCJ can be defined as an essential part of the column that transfers the forces at the ends of the members connected to it. The members of the rigid jointed plane frame resist external forces by developing twisting moment, bending moment, axial force and shear force in the frame members. On the type of joints, the response to the action of lateral loads depends on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures. The joint is considered rigid if the angle between the members remains unchanged during the structural deformation. This work examined the shear deformation, load displacement and strength of a non-seismically detailed internal concentric RC joint using non-linear FEA. The bi-directional loading imposes the oblique compression zone on one joint corner. This joint core’s oblique compression strut mechanism differs significantly from that under unidirectional loading. The numerical results are compared with experimental results in this study, with the data published in the literature.\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000Numerical analysis results show that, in the comparative study of numerical and experimental values, the FEA tool predicts the behaviour of the RC BCJ well. The discrepancy between the experimental and numerical results amounts to 6 to 12% end displacement of the beam, 7% resultant joint shear force, 4.23% column bar strain and 0.70% hoop strain.\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000The current code of practice describes the joint sub-assemblage behaviour along the single axis individually. In the non-orthogonal system, the superposition of the two axes for joint space results in overlapping the stresses and, hence, the formation of the oblique strut. This may result in a reduction in the joint capacity under bi-directional loading. The behaviour must be explored in depth, and an attempt is made for further exploration.\u0000","PeriodicalId":509668,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141802419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of linear flux-switching machines for variable speed applications","authors":"Basharat Ullah, Faisal Khan","doi":"10.1108/wje-12-2023-0525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/wje-12-2023-0525","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This paper aims to present an overview of permanent magnet linear flux-switching machines (PMLFSM), field excited LFSM and hybrid excited LFSM (HELFSM) topologies as presented in literature for transportation systems such as high-speed trains and maglev systems.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000The structural designs of different configurations are thoroughly investigated, and their respective advantages and disadvantages are examined. Based on the geometry and excitation sources, a detailed survey is carried out. Specific design and space issues, such as solid and modular structures, structure strength, excitation sources placement, utilization of PM materials, and flux leakage are investigated.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000PMLFSM provide higher power density and efficiency than induction and DC machines because of the superior excitation capability of PMs. The cost of rare-earth PMs has risen sharply in the past few decades because of their frequent use, so the manufacturing cost of PMLFSM is increasing. Owing to the influence of high-energy PMs and magnetic flux concentration, the efficiency and power density are higher in such machines. PM is the only excitation source in PMLFSM and has constant remanence, limiting its applications in a wide speed operation range. Therefore, the field winding is added in the PMLFSM to flexibly regulate the magnetic field, making it a hybrid excited one. The HELFSM possess better flux linkage, high thrust force density and better flux controlling ability, leading to a wide speed range. However, the HELFSM have problems with the crowded mover, as PM, field excited and armature excitation are housed on a short mover. So, for better performance, the area of each excitation component has to compete with each other.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000Transportation of goods and people by vehicles is becoming increasingly prevalent. As railways play a significant role in the transportation system and are an integral part of intercity transportation. So, this paper presents an overview of various linear machines that are presented in literature for rail transit systems to promote sustainable urban planning practices.\u0000","PeriodicalId":509668,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141811439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"e-Waste in construction: a comprehensive bibliometric analysis and review of the literature","authors":"Vineet Kumar, Deepak Kumar Verma","doi":"10.1108/wje-12-2023-0504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/wje-12-2023-0504","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose\u0000The global construction industry faces both challenges and opportunities from electronic waste (e-waste). This study aims to present a bibliometric analysis and comprehensive literature assessment on e-waste in concrete construction materials.\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000This study studies 4,122 Scopus documents to examine garbage generation in different countries and inventive ways to integrate e-waste into construction as a sustainable strategy. This study lists famous researchers and their cooperation networks, demonstrating a robust and dynamic area with a surge in research output, notably from 2018 to 2022. Data is visually represented using VOS Viewer to show trends, patterns and study interests throughout time.\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The findings imply that e-waste can improve construction materials’ mechanical characteristics and sustainability. The results are inconsistent and suggest further optimization. e-Waste into construction has garnered scientific interest for its environmental, life cycle, and economic impacts. This field has great potential for improving e-waste material use, developing sophisticated prediction models, studying environmental implications, economic analysis, policy formulation, novel construction methods, global cooperation and public awareness. This study shows that e-waste can be used in sustainable building. It stresses this area’s need for research and innovation. This lays the groundwork for using electronic trash in buildings, which promotes a circular economy and environmental sustainability.\u0000\u0000Research limitations/implications\u0000The findings underscore the critical role of ongoing research and innovation in leveraging e-waste for sustainable building practices. This study lays the groundwork for integrating e-waste into construction, contributing to the advancement of a circular economy and environmental sustainability.\u0000\u0000Social implications\u0000The social implications of integrating e-waste into construction are significant. Using e-waste not only addresses environmental concerns but also promotes social sustainability by creating new job opportunities in the recycling and construction sectors. It fosters community awareness and responsibility towards sustainable practices and waste management. Additionally, this approach can reduce construction costs, making building projects more accessible and potentially lowering housing prices.\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000This research contributes to the field by offering a bibliometric analysis and comprehensive assessment of e-waste in concrete construction materials, highlighting its global significance.\u0000","PeriodicalId":509668,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141811362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crack detection and localization in composite plates by intersection of first three normalized mode shape curves from experimental modal analysis","authors":"Rama Krishna Shinagam, Deepak Raj Kumar Vengalasetti, Tarun Maruvada","doi":"10.1108/wje-09-2023-0412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/wje-09-2023-0412","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose\u0000This study aims to identify the location of cracks in composite plates using a normalized mode shape curve algorithm. Crack in any structure is a destructive occurrence. Detecting these cracks early is pivotal for ensuring safety and preventing potential accidents. To prevent failure of structures, it is crucial to detect these cracks effectively and take the necessary precautions. Hence, crack detection and localization techniques are used to avoid sudden failures of structures while in operation.\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000An experimental modal analysis is conducted on composite plates with and without cracks to determine the natural frequencies and mode shapes. For this purpose, an impact hammer, uniaxial accelerometer and four-channel vibration analyzer are used to find the natural frequencies and mode shapes. Numerical modal analysis is performed on no crack and cracked composite plates using ANSYS software, and these are validated by the experimental modal analysis results. The normalized mode shapes algorithm is trained using test data of the first three natural frequencies collected from numerical modal analysis on different cracked composite plates for localization of crack.\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The natural frequencies derived from both experimental modal analysis and numerical modal analysis exhibit a variance of 9.6%. The estimation of the crack location is achieved with exceptional precision by intersecting the first three normalized mode shapes. The first three normalized mode shape curve intersections provide a solid indication of the crack’s location. As the difference in error between the actual and estimated crack locations is only 0.9%.\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000This study introduces the first application of experimental modal analysis in conjunction with the normalized mode shape curve algorithm for localizing cracks in composite plates. The normalization process of mode shapes, derived from experimental modal analysis, forms a fundamental component of the mode shape curve algorithm specifically designed for crack localization. Combining experimental modal analysis with a specific algorithm of normalizing mode shapes is used to identify and locate cracks within these composite plates.\u0000","PeriodicalId":509668,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141823645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the impact of red mud on the mechanical, durability, and microstructure properties of concrete","authors":"Prathamesh Pawar, Sudhir Patil, Sandeep Sathe","doi":"10.1108/wje-02-2024-0082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/wje-02-2024-0082","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose\u0000This study investigated the potential of partially replacing cement with red mud (RM) in concrete and examined its effects on its mechanical properties and microstructure. This study aims to explore sustainable alternatives to traditional cement and evaluate the performance of concrete mixtures with varying percentages (%) of RM as cement replacement.\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000This research aims to comprehensively understand the impact of RM on concrete, aiming for both environmental sustainability and improved construction materials. Subsequently, concrete mixtures were prepared with varying RM contents, ranging from 0% to 21% in increments of 3%, replacing cement. The workability of these mixtures was evaluated using the Slump Cone Test, whereas their mechanical properties (compressive strength, flexural strength and split tensile strength) were assessed through standardized tests. The durability was further investigated via water absorption, acid attack, rapid chloride permeability tests, open porosity test and Sorptivity test. To gain deeper insights into the internal structure of concrete, microstructure analysis was conducted using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Finally, the results were analyzed and quantified.\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The finding demonstrates that substituting 12% of cement with RM not only boosts the mechanical characteristics of concrete but also mitigates waste disposal. The microstructural analysis identified a denser cement matrix and improved bonding between the cement paste and the aggregates, suggesting potential improvements in strength and durability.\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000These results suggest that RM can be efficiently used to produce sustainable concrete with potential applications in construction projects with environmental considerations.\u0000","PeriodicalId":509668,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141266456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sign of slant receiver for skewed alpha-stable noise shift keying-based random communication system","authors":"Areeb Ahmed, F. A. Savaci","doi":"10.1108/wje-01-2024-0044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/wje-01-2024-0044","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000In contrast to traditional communication systems, slower data rate has always remained a weak link for non-traditional random communication systems (RCSs), which use alpha-stable (a-stable) noise as a carrier. This paper aims to introduce a fast receiver for skewed a-stable noise shift keying (SkaSNSK)-based RCSs.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000The introduced receiver is based on the sign of slant estimator (SoSE), which provides rapid estimation of the skewed a-stable random noise signals (RNSs) received from the additive white Gaussian noise channel. The SoSE-based receiver minimizes the number of samples required to extract the encoded information from the received RNSs. This is achieved by manipulating the antipodal properties of the slant/skewness parameter of the a-stable carrier. Hence, a high data rate with relatively low complexity is guaranteed.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000In comparison with the previously introduced sinc, logarithmic and modified extreme value method-based receivers, the proposed SoSE-based receiver also achieves improved bit error rate (BER) along with the better covertness values so that the essence of security provided by SkaSNSK-based RCSs remains intact.\u0000\u0000\u0000Research limitations/implications\u0000Because of the selected range of the associated parameters of the a-stable noise as a carrier, the BER vs MSNR results are may lack applicability for the complete range of values. Therefore, further research is required to produce results in different ranges.\u0000\u0000\u0000Practical implications\u0000The study includes implications for the hardware development based on the proposed communication scheme.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000It can be seen that the paper fulfils the desired need of a fast receiver design for RCS.\u0000","PeriodicalId":509668,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141266478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing concrete’s durability with graphene nano platelets insights on its freeze–thaw performance","authors":"Suehail Aijaz Shah, M. Tantray, Jan Mohammad Banday","doi":"10.1108/wje-08-2023-0302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/wje-08-2023-0302","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose\u0000Durability of concrete can be enhanced by reducing the pore size/volume of pores or by entrapping the pores. This can be achieved by adding concrete admixtures that have particle size finer than cement. In this study, GNP, having particle size much smaller than cement, has been introduced/added to concrete mix to control the pore size in concrete to tape out the contribution of GNP in the durability enhancement of concrete.\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000Different concrete mixes, at various water–cement ratios and amounts of graphene, have been manufactured to produce concrete containing three different %ages of GNP, i.e. 0%, 0.05% and 0.1%. To demonstrate the effect on durability of the concrete through the addition of GNP, these concrete samples have been subjected to repeated Freeze-Thaw cycles. Followed by testing after 28 days of curing, including weight loss, water absorption and strength, which are directly related to the durability aspect of concrete.\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000It has been observed that the addition of GNP to concrete mixes reduces the weight loss and pore size distribution and enhances tensile and compressive strength of concrete, thereby increasing the durability of concrete in unfavorable circumstances like freeze-thaw i.e. alternate hot and cold weather conditions.\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000This investigation presents original piece of experimental work conducted on modified concrete (GNP-based concrete). The aim is to construct the civil infrastructure in deep-cold region with increased life span and better performance.\u0000","PeriodicalId":509668,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140976855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mixed convective flow of engine oil-based non-Newtonian tri-hybrid nanofluid across a porous rotating disk","authors":"Ashish Paul, Bhagyashri Patgiri, Neelav Sarma","doi":"10.1108/wje-01-2024-0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/wje-01-2024-0025","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000Flow induced by rotating disks is of great practical importance in several engineering applications such as rotating heat exchangers, turbine disks, pumps and many more. The present research has been freshly displayed regarding the implementation of an engine oil-based Casson tri-hybrid nanofluid across a rotating disk in mass and heat transferal developments. The purpose of this study is to contemplate the attributes of the flowing tri-hybrid nanofluid by incorporating porosity effects and magnetization and velocity slip effects, viscous dissipation, radiating flux, temperature slip, chemical reaction and activation energy.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000The articulated fluid flow is described by a set of partial differential equations which are converted into one set of higher-order ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by using convenient conversions. The numerical solution of this transformed set of ODEs has been spearheaded by using the effectual bvp4c scheme.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The acquired results show that the heat transmission rate for the Casson tri-hybrid nanofluid is intensified by, respectively, 9.54% and 11.93% when compared to the Casson hybrid nanofluid and Casson nanofluid. Also, the mass transmission rate for the Casson tri-hybrid nanofluid is augmented by 1.09% and 2.14%, respectively, when compared to the Casson hybrid nanofluid and Casson nanofluid.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000The current investigation presents an educative response on how the flow profiles vary with changes in the inevitable flow parameters. As per authors’ knowledge, no such scrutinization has been carried out previously; therefore, our results are novel and unique.\u0000","PeriodicalId":509668,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141045495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A hybrid islanding detection method using wavelet transform for hybrid systems with zero non-detection zone","authors":"M. Mishra, B. B. Pati","doi":"10.1108/wje-12-2023-0499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/wje-12-2023-0499","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000Islanding detection has become a serious concern due to the extensive integration of renewable energy sources. The non-detection zone (NDZ) and system-specific applicability, which are the two major issues with the islanding detection methods, are addressed here. The purpose of this paper is to devise an islanding detection method with zero NDZ and, which will be applicable to all types of renewable energy sources using the sequence components of the point of common coupling voltage.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000Here, a parameter using the sequence components is derived to devise an islanding detection method. The parameter derived from the sequence components of point of common coupling voltage is analysed using wavelet transform. Various operating conditions, such as islanding and non-islanding, are considered for several test systems to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. All the simulations are carried out in Simulink/MATLAB environment.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The results showed that the proposed method has zero NDZ for both inverter- and synchronous generator-based renewable energy sources. In addition, the proposed method works satisfactorily as per the IEEE 1547 standards requirement.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000Performance of the proposed method has been tested in several test systems and is found to be better than some conventional methods.\u0000","PeriodicalId":509668,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141047040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}