American Biology Teacher最新文献_第10页

EvolutionDarwin's Lost World: The Hidden History of Animal Life. By Martin Brasier . 2009. Oxford University Press, New York. (ISBN 978-0-19954897-2). 260 pages. Hardcover. $34.95. 达尔文的失落世界:动物生命的隐藏历史。作者:Martin Brasier。2009. 牛津大学出版社，纽约。(ISBN 978-0-19954897-2)。260页。精装书。34.95美元。

IF 0.5 4区教育学

American Biology Teacher Pub Date : 2010-03-01 DOI: 10.1525/ABT.2010.72.3.13.B

M. Battaglia

引用次数: 0

EvolutionThe Tangled Bank: An Introduction to Evolution. By Carl Zimmer . 2010. Roberts and Company, Greenwood Village, Colorado. (ISBN 978-0981519470). 385 pages. Hardback. $59.95. 《纠结的河岸:进化论导论》卡尔·齐默著。2010. 罗伯茨公司，格林伍德村，科罗拉多州。(ISBN 978 - 0981519470)。385页。精装版。59.95美元。

IF 0.5 4区教育学

American Biology Teacher Pub Date : 2010-03-01 DOI: 10.1525/ABT.2010.72.3.13.C

S. Mitchell

引用次数: 0

Animal BehaviorAnimal Migration: Remarkable Journeys in the Wild. By Ben Hoare . 2009. University of California Press. (ISBN 978-0-520-25823-5). 176 pages. Hardcover. $34.95. 动物行为，动物迁徙:野外的非凡旅程。本·霍尔著。2009. 加州大学出版社。(ISBN 978-0-520-25823-5)。176页。精装书。34.95美元。

IF 0.5 4区教育学

American Biology Teacher Pub Date : 2010-02-01 DOI: 10.1525/ABT.2010.72.2.14.C

C. Hibbitt

引用次数: 0

From the Beginning 从一开始

IF 0.5 4区教育学

American Biology Teacher Pub Date : 2010-01-01 DOI: 10.1525/abt.2010.72.2.13

M. Flannery

{"title":"From the Beginning","authors":"M. Flannery","doi":"10.1525/abt.2010.72.2.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/abt.2010.72.2.13","url":null,"abstract":"There's a tremendous amount of evidence for evolution, but biologists are always looking for more. As with any delving into the past, this isn't easy to do. Time erases evidence. A number of wonderful sites of prehistoric cave art have been found over the years, from Altamira in the 19th century to Chauvet in the 1990s. But the experts still haven't come up with a plausible explanation for why this art was created (Curtis, 2006). Questions still remain: were these images meant to celebrate the diversity of life or to bring blessing upon a future hunt? Such questions are what make history both a frustrating and a fascinating endeavor, and no part of history is more frustrating or fascinating than investigating early life on earth. If it's hard to piece together what was going on in caves 20 or 30 thousand years ago, it's not surprising that figuring out what occurred 3 or 4 billion years ago would be much more difficult. The amazing thing is that it isn't totally impossible. Biologists, chemists, physicists, and geologists have worked together to come up with some plausible scenarios for the early years of life on earth. Sure, there's still much controversy about some of their explanations, but there has also been a lot of progress since the experiments by Stanley Miller and Harold Urey in the 1950s in which they attempted to recreate the chemical environment of the early earth. In this column, I want to explore several lines of evidence that together give us at least a sketchy view of what early life was like. That's not bad, considering that many of us can't trace our ancestors back more than two or three generations. Physicists and geologists agree that the earth is about 4.5——4.6 billion years old. There is also …","PeriodicalId":50960,"journal":{"name":"American Biology Teacher","volume":"52 1","pages":"123 - 126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90975360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Learning About Biology 学习生物学

IF 0.5 4区教育学

American Biology Teacher Pub Date : 2010-01-01 DOI: 10.1525/ABT.2010.72.1.12.C

J. Váázquez

引用次数: 4

Encouraging New Manuscripts in Critical Areas of Biology Education 鼓励生物教育关键领域的新稿件

IF 0.5 4区教育学

American Biology Teacher Pub Date : 2010-01-01 DOI: 10.1525/ABT.2010.72.1.3

Bill Leonard

引用次数: 4

Microbial Resistance to Triclosan: A Case Study in Natural Selection 微生物对三氯生的耐药性:自然选择的案例研究

IF 0.5 4区教育学

American Biology Teacher Pub Date : 2009-12-11 DOI: 10.2307/20565376

A. Serafini, D. Matthews

{"title":"Microbial Resistance to Triclosan: A Case Study in Natural Selection","authors":"A. Serafini, D. Matthews","doi":"10.2307/20565376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/20565376","url":null,"abstract":"[ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection is a cornerstone concept in biology (White, 2007). Natural selection is the mechanism of evolution caused by the environmental selection of organisms most fit to reproduce, sometimes explained as \"survival of the fittest\" (Mader, 2004). An example of evolution by natural selection is the development of bacteria that are resistant to antimicrobial agents as a result of exposure to these agents (Yazdankhah et al., 2006). Antimicrobials kill off susceptible members of a population, hut cells that have some resistance from the start or that acquire it later through mutation or gene exchange may survive. These survivors are \"best fit\" in that particular environment where they proliferate (Levy, 2007). While acquisition of knowledge of evolution by natural selection is a seminal goal of science education (NABT, 2008), it is difficult for students to observe this phenomenon directly in their own lives. Perhaps the reason for this is that humans have a generation time of about 25 years. It takes 100 years--a period of time beyond the life expectancy of most people--for four generations of progeny to be traced from the original parents (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2008). This sharply contrasts with bacteria that have shorter generation times, in some cases as little as 20 minutes (Tortora, Funke & Case, 2010). Theoretically, that means that over 100 years, about 2,500,000 generations of bacterial descendents could be produced from an original cell. This huge reproductive potential makes bacteria especially well-suited for use in the study of natural selection and, as genetic differences accumulate to produce major transformations, to clearly illustrate evolution. This article describes research on the resistance of wild clonal populations of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus to triclosan and the subsequent reversion of these resistant bacteria back to wild-type when triclosan is removed from their environment. These experiments can serve as apractical, timely, and engaging model for the study of natural selection in the biology classroom and can be performed either as a long-term open inquiry (Welden & Hossler, 2003) or as a teacher-guided inquiry. * Background Information Triclosan (2, 2, 4'-trichloro-2'-hydroxydiphenyl ether) is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent that is effective against bacteria (Perencevich et al., 2001), fungi (McMurry et al., 1998), and viruses (Schweizer, 2001). See Figure 1 for a diagram of triclosan. [FIGURE 1 OMITTED] Invented at Ciba, triclosan is the generic name of the chemical that Ciba sells as Irgasan[R] (Ciba.com, 2008). Triclosan is also used in plastics and clothing by other manufacturers under the name Microban[R], and used in acrylic fibers as Biofresh[R] (Glaser, 2004). It was introduced as a surgical scrub in 1972, typically at 0.3% bactericidal concentrations, and used primarily to limit the spread of i","PeriodicalId":50960,"journal":{"name":"American Biology Teacher","volume":"71 1","pages":"536-540"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2009-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77209787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

The Mirage of Health 健康的幻影

IF 0.5 4区教育学

American Biology Teacher Pub Date : 2009-11-01 DOI: 10.2307/20565381

M. Flannery

{"title":"The Mirage of Health","authors":"M. Flannery","doi":"10.2307/20565381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/20565381","url":null,"abstract":"I am writing this column in late August, so it's difficult to predict what the H1N1 flu situation will be by like the time it is published towards the end of the year. Since there is already a pandemic, the spread of the virus will likely have picked up more steam by that time, but how much steam it is difficult to forecast So I'm not even going to try. Instead, I will make a prognostication that is a safer bet: there will continue to be health issues of some kind at the end of this year, at the end of this century, and on to the end of this millennium. I am using as my crystal ball a book by Rene Dubos (1901-1982) called Mirage of Health (1959). It seems appropriate to examine this book on the fiftieth anniversary of its publication, because it is at least as relevant today as it was at the time it came out. Also, since this issue of ABT is devoted to health and medicine, this work is a great reminder of the limits of the latter to ensure the former. The book's main argument is that, as the title suggests, the quest for perfect health is an unending one, just as walking towards a mirage is a fruitless task. Dubos contends that the idea that better days are coming, that if we get rid of the latest scourge to health, life will be wonderful and we will to a ripe old age in good health, just isn't going to happen. In other words, finding the \"cure\" for cancer or HIV infections or ... isn't going to make life wonderful. He cites as support for his view the fact that finding a cure for tuberculosis (TB), the scourge of the 19th century, did not lead to a health utopia. In fact, thanks to life style changes rather than medical advances, the incidence of TB had already decreased significantly even before an antibiotic treatment for this bacterial infection became available in the 1950s. I have been reminded of Dubos's book frequently over the years since I first read it in the 1970s. Most particularly, it came to mind in the 1980s when HIV and then Ebola virus entered our consciousness. For those who don't remember these times, both infections came as rather a shock to the American public who had become accustomed to the idea that infectious disease was no longer fatal. To put it very simply, bacterial infections could be treated with antibiotics and viral diseases prevented with vaccines. Then AIDS arrived, an infectious, incurable and in those early years, almost inevitably fatal, disease. This was not something we were prepared for because many of us, the baby boomers who had swelled the population, had never experienced the years when bacterial pneumonia was dangerously common and a bad cut could lead to an uncontrollable infection. Microbiology How could Dubos have been so prescient when most Americans were shocked by this onslaught and the others to follow? First of all, he was a microbiologist. He was already aware, more than most people of the time, that bacteria were developing resistance to antibiotics, that the reign of these drugs was likely","PeriodicalId":50960,"journal":{"name":"American Biology Teacher","volume":"35 6 1","pages":"558-561"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2009-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85089933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 21

From the President: Irrational Fear or Irrational Complacency: The Need for Science and Health 来自总统:非理性的恐惧或非理性的自满:科学和健康的需要

IF 0.5 4区教育学

American Biology Teacher Pub Date : 2009-11-01 DOI: 10.2307/20565371

John C. Moore

{"title":"From the President: Irrational Fear or Irrational Complacency: The Need for Science and Health","authors":"John C. Moore","doi":"10.2307/20565371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/20565371","url":null,"abstract":"[ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] It is my last letter to write this year as President of NABT. This issue of The American Biology Teacher is on Health and Medicine. What a teachable moment we are living in right now. Let me ask a question. What do the years 1918, 1957, 1968, and 2009 have in common? Many of you know that those dates are the years for the most pandemics in the U.S. and the world. In 2006, Dr. Gregory Poland, Director of the Mayo Clinic's Vaccine Research Group, spoke to my non-majors biology class (in which his daughter was a student) on the avian flu. Dr. Poland is a leading expert in vaccinology and clinical research, and in the field of biodefense. He and his talk were mesmerizing. Why shouldn't they be? As Professor of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics; Associate Chair for Research, Department of Medicine; Director of the Immunization Clinic and the Program in Translational Immunovirology and Biodefense at the Mayo Clinic (whew, what a long title), he carries a lot of authority whenever he talks on anything relating to viruses. It was interesting that the local news media rushed to take video and questions after he spoke to the class. Dr. Poland lectured on the avian flu and kept the students on the edge of their seats as he weaved the current information about the \"bird flu\" (an H5N1 virus) and counseled the class that another pandemic would come. No! He did not say the avian flu was a pandemic. That would be in error. No! He wasn't saying the bird flu was going to be the next pandemic. That would be creating fear. What Dr. Poland was able to accomplish very well was to make the non-major biology students aware of what efforts would have to be in place to combat the next pandemic. As he laid the groundwork for what could and would happen m the future, and the efforts that were needed to prepare the world for the next pandemic (whenever it came), he challenged the class with this question: \"Is it irrational fear or irrational complacency that our country is in?\" He described some of the steps necessary for the government, industry, medical community and the population to work together to be prepared. Dr. Poland was working with the U.S. government and World Health Organization to help influence a worldwide mechanism for dealing with pandemics; to move us out of what he called \"irrational complacency.\" His passion was evident in his talk that the world needed to coordinate its efforts to combat the next viral pandemic, whenever it came. The class was honored to be exposed to that level of information and to such a brilliant scientist and educator who provided the answers to their questions. We are now in the midst of the latest pandemic and we do not know how it will fully play out in our country and the world. His words could not have been more prophetic as it was only two years later that the H1N1 virus emerged out of a town in Mexico and, within a five-month period, reached pandemic","PeriodicalId":50960,"journal":{"name":"American Biology Teacher","volume":"1 1","pages":"516-517"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2009-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76021822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An Inexpensive, Simple, Homemade "Microtome" to Prepare Thin Sections of Tissues for Microscopic Study 一种廉价、简单、自制的“显微切片机”，用于制备用于显微研究的组织薄片

IF 0.5 4区教育学

American Biology Teacher Pub Date : 2009-11-01 DOI: 10.2307/20565379

N. Dubowsky

引用次数: 1