SustainabilityPub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.3390/su16156327
Maciej J. Nowak, Milena Bera, Miltiades Lazoglou, Jorge Olcina-Cantos, D. Vagiona, Renato Monteiro, Andrei Mitrea
{"title":"Comparison of Urban Climate Change Adaptation Plans in Selected European Cities from a Legal and Spatial Perspective","authors":"Maciej J. Nowak, Milena Bera, Miltiades Lazoglou, Jorge Olcina-Cantos, D. Vagiona, Renato Monteiro, Andrei Mitrea","doi":"10.3390/su16156327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156327","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to identify and compare the key institutional features of urban climate change adaptation plans in three geographically, systemically, and climatically distinct European countries (Greece, Spain, and Poland). The paper concentrates on the tool indicated and confirms the circumstances and potential outcomes of its usage in the selected countries. A case study of a particular city was chosen in each country and the applicability of the climate change adaptation plan there was confirmed. Analysis was also performed on the plans’ legal aspect, connection to national-level strategic planning, and spatial planning. The research questions formulated and addressed are as follows: how do urban climate change adaptation plans in the selected countries define key climate challenges? Is the content of the municipal climate change adaptation plans consistent with the content of the diagnosis of climate challenges at the supra-local level and in the scientific discussion? How are climate change adaptation plans translated into the implementation sphere? Τhe example of Spain and Greece confirms that plans can combine general climate change adaptation objectives with specific (evasive) guidelines for urban policies, while the example of Poland shows that the content of climate change adaptation plans can often be too vague and difficult to further integrate into urban policies. The research results obtained are relevant from the perspective of comparing institutional responses to climate challenges. The research proposes possible methods for making such comparisons.","PeriodicalId":509360,"journal":{"name":"Sustainability","volume":"60 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141808922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SustainabilityPub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.3390/su16156346
İlbüke Uslu, Orkun Uysal, Can B. Aktaş, Byungik Chang, I. Yaman
{"title":"Dematerialization of Concrete: Meta-Analysis of Lightweight Expanded Clay Concrete for Compressive Strength","authors":"İlbüke Uslu, Orkun Uysal, Can B. Aktaş, Byungik Chang, I. Yaman","doi":"10.3390/su16156346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156346","url":null,"abstract":"The construction industry is responsible for a significant share of global material consumption, including natural resources. Therefore, the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 12.2 on sustainable management and efficient use of natural resources cannot be achieved without significant advances and contributions from the construction sector. Furthermore, various materials used by the construction industry contribute to the development and expansion of the LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) system. LECA (Light Expanded Clay Aggregate) is one such material that enhances LEED performance through its key benefits, including lightness, thermal insulation, sound insulation, and fire resistance. One of the most effective methods for reducing the weight of concrete is the incorporation of lightweight aggregates, and the advantages of LECA include lessening loads and enabling reduced cross-sections, directly improving the sustainability of the built environment via reduced materials consumption. This study aims to develop a prediction model for the compressive strength of LECA-incorporated concrete through a meta-analysis. More than 140 data points were compiled through literature via 15 separate studies, and results were analyzed to conduct the meta-analysis. Moreover, an experimental program was carried out to verify the model and evaluate its accuracy in predicting compressive strength. Results from the developed model and the experimental program were in accordance with concrete having lower compressive strengths compared to those at high strength values. Likewise, more accurate results were obtained for concrete mixes that have w/b ratios of 0.5 or higher. Concrete mixes that have higher amounts of LECA by volume of concrete yielded more accurate results when using the prediction model. A sensitivity analysis was carried out to quantify the impact of several parameters on the compressive strength of LECA concrete.","PeriodicalId":509360,"journal":{"name":"Sustainability","volume":"33 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141810097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SustainabilityPub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.3390/su16156323
Yuxia Xu, Qian Chen, Hui Zeng
{"title":"Rural Ecosystem Health Assessment and Spatial Divergence—A Case Study of Rural Areas around Qinling Mountain, Shaanxi Province, China","authors":"Yuxia Xu, Qian Chen, Hui Zeng","doi":"10.3390/su16156323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156323","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid progress of urbanization and rural revitalization in developing countries has led to dramatic changes to the rural ecological environment. Assessing the rural ecosystem health (REH) is a crucial foundation for promoting sustainable development in rural areas. This study, focusing on rural areas around the Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi Province, establishes an evaluation system based on appropriate evaluation indicators for assessing the composite ecosystem. This evaluation system comprises four rural ecosystem subsystems: resource, environment, society, and economy. By employing a comprehensive indicator evaluation model and remote sensing image data, this study examines the health status of rural ecosystems in the 40 counties and districts across the study area, as well as their spatial differentiation characteristics, using ArcGIS (10.8) spatial analysis. The REH scores of these areas range from 0.6856 to 0.8818, with a fluctuating downward trend from north to south. This suggests that the rural ecosystems around the Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi Province are relatively healthy, with the northern area being notably healthier than the southern area. Spatial Gini coefficient analysis reveals a much smaller coefficient for the overall ecosystem compared to the subsystems in the study area, indicating that the distribution of health levels is dispersed and not concentrated. After establishing REH grades and quantity metrics, the 40 counties and districts are categorized into 13 types, followed by an analysis of the influencing factors for each type. Recommendations and management strategies are then proposed to enhance the health of rural ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":509360,"journal":{"name":"Sustainability","volume":"38 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141807704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SustainabilityPub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.3390/su16156313
C. Balsas
{"title":"Coastal Waterfront Transformations, Fishing Structures, and Sustainable Tourism","authors":"C. Balsas","doi":"10.3390/su16156313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156313","url":null,"abstract":"Fishing is a socioeconomic activity with highly visible impacts on the water–land interface of cities. Tourism, the number and type of visitors, and attractions depend on the image and experience of coastal places. How has fishing evolved over time? How has planning attempted to influence and adapt the land use and built-up structures, leading to the activity’s development and commercialization? It utilizes three pairwise cases to analyze the land use transformations associated with fishing activities in cities and some of their most important structures, with impacts on tourism activities such as fish markets, waterfront and pier restaurants, festival marketplaces, and recreational facilities. The three pairwise cases are in three different regions of the world (i.e., North America, Southern Europe, and the Pacific Rim). New Bedford, Massachusetts (USA) and Figueira da Foz (Portugal) are utilized to analyze the land use transformations associated with fishing activities in cities. Fish markets in Tokyo (Japan) and Sydney (Australia) are analyzed to study built-up structures where fish are commercialized. Finally, the last pairwise waterfronts consisting of San Francisco (California, USA) and Fremantle (Western Australia) are examined to understand their fish consumption. The research design and methods comprised in loco visits to the six case studies; discussions with stakeholders; visual documentation and analysis; and a distillation of implications for public policy. The findings demonstrate that more attention needs to be paid to land use changes, the co-existence of working harbor operations with recreational uses, the accessibility to those areas, the “publicness” of the areas in terms of public spaces and other coastal amenities, and the impacts of mixed-use developments on adjacent residential areas. Many waterfronts have suffered radical changes and ought to be made more accessible, authentic, and livable not through the effects of nature or markets alone but with planning and urban design interventions.","PeriodicalId":509360,"journal":{"name":"Sustainability","volume":"35 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141809060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SustainabilityPub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.3390/su16156309
Stroia Ciprian, Sărac Ioan, Irina Petrescu, Emilian Onisan, Stroia Marius
{"title":"The Use of Grass Typology in Diagnosing and Sustainably Managing Permanent Grasslands","authors":"Stroia Ciprian, Sărac Ioan, Irina Petrescu, Emilian Onisan, Stroia Marius","doi":"10.3390/su16156309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156309","url":null,"abstract":"Permanent grasslands are characterized by herbaceous flora adapted to local conditions, with deep root systems that facilitate resource uptake and provide resistance to anthropogenic and abiotic stresses. This study aimed to develop and implement efficient diagnostic and agronomic management tools for farmers. In order to demonstrate the methodology, we selected five diverse grasslands with different characteristics. The research tested the grass typology method to diagnose these areas and establish optimal management practices based on floristic composition. The method was applied to achieve the rational management of the grasslands studied. The results provided valuable data on floristic composition, species frequency, and specific functional indices. The characterization of the five grasslands in Moșnița Nouă in Timiș County enabled us to recognize optimal grassland strategies for each area, maximizing production based on the grass typology. Thus, the study demonstrated the impact of using simplified tools to improve grassland diagnosis and management, significantly contributing to the more sustainable maintenance of the permanent grasslands for farmers.","PeriodicalId":509360,"journal":{"name":"Sustainability","volume":"42 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141809600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SustainabilityPub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.3390/su16156344
C. Rujescu, O. Sicoe-Murg, I. A. Milin, R. Ciolac
{"title":"Survival Probability of Tourist Accommodation Establishments in Romania in Relation to the Action of Some Relevant Factors","authors":"C. Rujescu, O. Sicoe-Murg, I. A. Milin, R. Ciolac","doi":"10.3390/su16156344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156344","url":null,"abstract":"The units with tourist functions in Romania have a variable duration of activity resulting from the actions of different factors, but which can be analysed mathematically through survival analysis models. The number of establishments offering accommodation for tourism purposes in Romania exceeds 22,000, and the data indicated by the Ministry of Economy, Entrepreneurship and Tourism on the companies that manage them are the inputs of the study. These allowed for the creation of a statistical database showing the total operating time from establishment to the present or to the cessation of activity. Grouping was carried out according to the type of establishment, the location of the companies in rural or urban areas, their belonging to a geographical region of Romania and classification according to the comfort category. The drawing up of evolution curves describing the probability of survival of the establishments, distinctly for the groups mentioned, and the statistical analysis to establish the significance of the differences between the groups provide information that allows for determining and understanding how certain factors influence the chances of survival of the tourist establishment. The type of accommodation unit, the region of development in which the unit is located and the category of comfort are the factors that have a statistically significant influence on the probability of survival of these units. The location of tourism units in rural or urban areas is not a relevant factor. Knowledge of the actions of these factors allows for optimising the measures taken at the start of an activity in the tourism industry. These can result in improving the survivability of tourism. Sustainable tourism involves developing and supporting different forms of tourism by implementing activity management at both the accommodation unit level and at the locality, regional or whole tourist area level. The survival and continuity of the tourism business on the market and, at the same time, respect for the natural, social and economic integrity of the environment can ensure the rational exploitation of natural and cultural resources for future generations.","PeriodicalId":509360,"journal":{"name":"Sustainability","volume":"41 27","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141809606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SustainabilityPub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.3390/su16156320
Yaoning Yang, Juncheng Zeng, Junfeng Yin, Pengrui Wu, Genyu Xu, Chuanbao Jing, Jie Zhou, Xun Wen, Johannes Reinders, Wasita Amatyakul, Sebastian Orozco Munoz, Tao Chen
{"title":"Metro Stations as Catalysts for Land Use Patterns: Evidence from Wuhan Line 11","authors":"Yaoning Yang, Juncheng Zeng, Junfeng Yin, Pengrui Wu, Genyu Xu, Chuanbao Jing, Jie Zhou, Xun Wen, Johannes Reinders, Wasita Amatyakul, Sebastian Orozco Munoz, Tao Chen","doi":"10.3390/su16156320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156320","url":null,"abstract":"Urban rail transit systems significantly influence land use patterns in newly developed areas, yet their impact on spatial organization and functional characteristics remains understudied. This research examines Wuhan Metro Line 11, analyzing land use within an 800 m radius of stations using Point of Interest data, ArcGIS spatial analysis, and locational entropy methods. The study reveals three station types, i.e., single-function, mixed-function, and underdeveloped, each exhibiting distinct spatial differentiation patterns. On this basis, a novel “core-diffusion” model emerges, with the highest density of functional elements observed at approximately 600 m from station centers, challenging conventional proximity assumptions. Three spatial organization modes are identified: single-core independent in two-level axis, single-core continuous in single-level axis, and double-core continuous in two-level axis. These findings contribute to the Transit-Oriented Development literature, offering sustainable insights into optimizing land use around metro stations in rapidly urbanizing contexts. This study also provides a methodological framework applicable to similar urban environments, enhancing the understanding of the complex relationships between metro development and surrounding land use patterns. These results have significant implications for urban planning and policy-making, particularly in emerging economies seeking to balance transit efficiency with sustainable urban growth.","PeriodicalId":509360,"journal":{"name":"Sustainability","volume":"23 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141806234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SustainabilityPub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.3390/su16156318
Po Yun, Chen Zhang, Yaqi Wu, Xianzi Yang, Zulfiqar Ali Wagan
{"title":"Correction: Yun et al. A Novel Extended Higher-Order Moment Multi-Factor Framework for Forecasting the Carbon Price: Testing on the Multilayer Long Short-Term Memory Network. Sustainability 2020, 12, 1869","authors":"Po Yun, Chen Zhang, Yaqi Wu, Xianzi Yang, Zulfiqar Ali Wagan","doi":"10.3390/su16156318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156318","url":null,"abstract":"(1)The authors wish to delete the expression of “where ⊗ means the Kronecker product and ⊕ means the XOR logic operation” throughout the entire paper [...]","PeriodicalId":509360,"journal":{"name":"Sustainability","volume":"30 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141807410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SustainabilityPub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.3390/su16156317
Shuo Sun, Mingchen Gu, Jushang Ou, Zhenlong Li, Sen Luan
{"title":"Regional Truck Travel Characteristics Analysis and Freight Volume Estimation: Support for the Sustainable Development of Freight","authors":"Shuo Sun, Mingchen Gu, Jushang Ou, Zhenlong Li, Sen Luan","doi":"10.3390/su16156317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156317","url":null,"abstract":"In the field of freight transport, the goal of sustainable development requires us to improve the efficiency of freight transport while reducing its negative impact on the environment, such as reducing carbon emissions and noise pollution. There is no doubt that changes in freight characteristics and volumes are compatible with the objectives of sustainable development. Thus, mining the travel distribution and freight volume of trucks has an important supporting role in the freight transport industry. In terms of truck travel, most of the traditional approaches are based on the subjective definition of parameters from the trajectory data to obtain trips for certain vehicle types. As for freight volume, it is mostly estimated through manual surveys, which are heavy and inaccurate. In this study, a data-driven approach is adopted to obtain trips from the trajectory data of heavy trucks. Combined with the traffic percentage of different vehicle types collected by highway traffic survey stations, the trips of heavy trucks are extended to all trucks. The inter-city and intra-city freight volumes are estimated based on the average truck loads collected at the motorway entrance. The results show a higher proportion of intra-city trips by trucks in port cities and a higher proportion of inter-city trips by trucks in inland cities. Truck loading and unloading times are focused in the early morning or at night, and freight demand in Shandong Province is more concentrated in the south. These results would provide strong support for optimizing freight structures, improving transportation efficiency, and reducing transportation costs.","PeriodicalId":509360,"journal":{"name":"Sustainability","volume":"47 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141808620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SustainabilityPub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.3390/su16156339
Stamatios K. Chrysikopoulos, Panos T. Chountalas, D. Georgakellos, A. Lagodimos
{"title":"Decarbonization in the Oil and Gas Sector: The Role of Power Purchase Agreements and Renewable Energy Certificates","authors":"Stamatios K. Chrysikopoulos, Panos T. Chountalas, D. Georgakellos, A. Lagodimos","doi":"10.3390/su16156339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156339","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the adoption of Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs) and Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs) as strategic tools for decarbonization in the oil and gas sector. Focusing on the 21 largest oil and gas companies across Europe, North America, and South America, the analysis reveals varied adoption rates and strategic emphases between regions. European companies exhibit robust integration of PPAs and RECs to expand renewable energy capacities and reduce emissions, aligning closely with aggressive EU climate policies. In contrast, American companies show a cautious approach, focusing more on emission reduction from existing operations than on renewable expansions. The study’s findings indicate that, while both regions are advancing in their decarbonization efforts, European companies are leading with more defined renewable energy targets and comprehensive low-carbon strategies. This research contributes to understanding how different regulatory environments and market conditions influence corporate strategies towards sustainable energy transitions in traditionally hard-to-abate industries.","PeriodicalId":509360,"journal":{"name":"Sustainability","volume":"61 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141807221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}