Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research最新文献

{"title":"Characterization of Physicochemical Properties and and Heavy Metals Content of Soils under Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) Cultivation, Kapuas Hulu District, Indonesia","authors":"Suryadi, Urai Edi, Urai Suci Yulies Vitri Indrawati, Junaidi","doi":"10.18805/ijare.af-845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.af-845","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Kapuas Hulu is a district in West Kalimantan Province, Indonesia, which is famous for its production of kratom (Mitragyna speciosa), a traditional medicinal plant. Kratom is the main cultivated plant carried out by farmers. However, data regarding the physicochemical properties of kratom plantation soil are still limited, especially regarding the heavy metal content. This research aimed to determine the physicochemical properties and heavy metal content of soil planted with kratom. Methods: This research was conducted on alluvial soil and peat planted with kratom. This research is survey of 2 fields where sampling from each land was carried out using the diagonal method, where 5 sub-samples were taken per land and composited, except for volume Weight. Result: Mineral land and peat land can be used as land for Kratom cultivation because the physicochemical properties of both lands support the growth of Kratom plus the heavy metal content is below the critical threshold.\u0000","PeriodicalId":509288,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":"18 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141271831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Marigold Seed Pelleting with Plant Nutrients on Germination, Growth, Storage and Flower Yields","authors":"J. Kangsopa, A. Singsopa, N. Thawong, Sukanya Baomeesri, Davika Rapeebunyanon, Sirikorn Charoenyai","doi":"10.18805/ijare.af-876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.af-876","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Seed pelleting, a method involving seed coatings to enlarge seed size, is advantageous for marigold seeds because it improves water utilization efficiency during germination. Furthermore, the incorporation of vital plant nutrients into seeds fosters germination and growth, facilitating accelerated growth and increased yield in marigold plants. Methods: Marigold seeds were pelleted with NH4NO3 at rates of 0.048, 0.096 and 0.192 g, NaH2PO4.H2O at rates of 0.064, 0.128 and 0.256 g and KCl at rates of 0.013, 0.026 and 0.052 g. Growth was determined after incubation in 4 × 6 inch bags for 56 days. Storage longevity was determined after incubation in aluminum foil bags under controlled (15°C, 50% RH) and ambient conditions (27±2°C, 70% RH) for 6 months. Result: Seeds pelleted with NH4NO3, NaH2PO4.H2O and KCl demonstrated superior germination rates and germination speed. NaH2PO4.H2O pelleting led to increased shoot dry weight. The use of 0.256 g NaH2PO4.H2O resulted in the highest germination rate over 6 months. Pelleting with all three nutrients resulted in higher plants, particularly 0.256 g NaH2PO4.H2O, which led to more flowers per plant. Therefore, pelleting seeds with 0.256 g NaH2PO4.H2O is recommended to optimize the quality of marigold seeds.\u0000","PeriodicalId":509288,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":"19 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141269163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphology, Reproductive Biology and Anatomy of the Foxtail Orchid, Rhynchostylis retusa (L.) Blume","authors":"Akhila Rajan, G. Seeja, S. Sreekumar, C. Biju, M. Manjima, M. Joy","doi":"10.18805/ijare.a-6143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.a-6143","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Rhynchostylis retusa (L.) Blume, commonly known as the fox-tail orchid, is a promising epiphytic native species for breeding programs. Its’ population is diminishing in the native habitat due to unscrupulous overexploitation and habitat destruction. Hence, conservation of this species attains prime importance. To achieve the foregoing task, phenotypic traits in relation to adaptation are to be elucidated. Methods: In the present investigation, the morphological characters were documented and the correlation between each trait was determined. Furthermore, the anatomy of leaves and roots was documented, as was the stomatal structure and distribution on the abaxile and adaxile surfaces of the leaves. Biometric features of floral characters and reproductive biology such as anthesis, stigma receptivity, pollen production per pollinium, pollen viability, pollination mechanisms, self and cross-compatibility; male sterility, etc. were studied and documented. Observations on capsule development, nature of seeds, seed viability, etc. were also determined. Result: The seed viability tests revealed that about 40% of the seeds are viable. The observations gathered during this investigation can be used to develop conservation, sustainable utilization and genetic improvement strategies for this crop.","PeriodicalId":509288,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":"11 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141099838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Net Assimilation Rate and Nitrogen Management in Optimizing Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Yield","authors":"Faisal, Iskandar Lubis, Ahmad Junaedi, Didy Sopandie","doi":"10.18805/ijare.af-813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.af-813","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The net assimilation rate (NAR) is a physiological parameter related to leaf area and dry weight per unit of time. It is used to figure out how much grain a plant will produce. This study aims to explain the net assimilation rate of several types of rice at different doses and nitrogen application times. Methods: The research was conducted from December 2021 to April 2022. The experimental design was a split-plot design consisting of two treatment factors: the variety (main plot) and the time and dose of fertilization N (subplot). The variety factor consists of four varieties: IPB 3S (new type varieties), Inpari 33 (new high-yielding varieties), Hipa 21 (hybrids) and Mentik Wangi (local) at nitrogen 4 levels, namely 0 kg ha-1 (N0), 45 kg ha-1 applied when planting (N1), 90 kg ha-1 applied twice [45 kg at planting and 45 kg at panicle initiation (N2)] and 90 kg ha-1 applied three times, namely 45 kg at planting, 22.5 kg at the age of panicle initiation and 22.5 kg at heading (N3). Result: Results demonstrated that applying 90 kg ha-1 nitrogen fertilizer in three split applications (N3) improved agronomic performance by increasing tiller number, leaf area, dry matter accumulation, leaf nitrogen content and grain yield compared to other nitrogen regimes. Our findings newly highlight the vital influence of net assimilation rate (NAR) on panicle development, as NAR was positively correlated with panicle length. Uniquely, among all four varieties tested, the local cultivar Mentik Wangi recorded the highest NAR across N treatments.\u0000","PeriodicalId":509288,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":"21 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141106528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Yield Response of Bambara Groundnut [Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.] to Fertilizer Application and Plant Spacing","authors":"Emmanuel Essel, Kwadwo Gyasi Santo, Joseph Nketiah Berchie, Abdul Aziz Khalid, Muntala Abdulai, Kwabena Atakora, Daniel Afreh Ntiamoah, Patrick Mawuenyegan Norshie, Samuel Novor","doi":"10.18805/ijare.af-807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.af-807","url":null,"abstract":"Background: An experiment was conducted at Nkoranza in the Bono-East Region and Ejura Sekyedumase in the Ashanti Region of Ghana from July to December, 2021 to evaluate the effects of P based fertilizer and plant spacing on leaf area, leaf area index and seed yield and yield components of Bambara groundnut. Methods: The experiment was a 3 x 3 factorial, arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replicates. The first factor was plant spacing with three levels, including 50 cm x 20 cm, 40 cm x 20 cm and 40 cm x 25 cm, while the second factor was application of P based complex fertilizer (NPK 11:22:20) with three levels, including 0 kg/ha, 30 kg P/ha and 60 kg P/ha. Result: Results of the study revealed that leaf area, leaf area index, yield components and seed yield of Bambara groundnut were significantly affected by plant spacing. Wider spacing of 50cm row was better than 40cm. Fertilizer application had mixed responses, with no significant impact when the plant density was 10 m-2, whereas under a plant density of 12.5 m-2 there was a response to 60 kg P based fertilizer application, which needs further study.\u0000","PeriodicalId":509288,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":"14 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141106796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization and Evaluation of the Antibacterial and Dye-degrading Potential of Silver Nanoparticles from Ayapana triplinervis Vahl","authors":"Sona S. Dev, Chikku Santhosh, Greeshma James","doi":"10.18805/ijare.a-6202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.a-6202","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Over the last decades, silver has been engineered into nanoparticles that attracted much attention and found applications in diverse areas. The small size of the nanoparticles has maximized the total surface area leading to increased activity-to-weight ratio. The present study aims to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from the methanolic leaf extract of a medicinal plant Ayapana triplinervis Vahl. and assess their antibacterial and dye-degrading properties. Methods: The AgNPs produced were characterized by using UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, TEM and SEM. The dye degradation property of these AgNPs was also evaluated. Result: UV-Vis spectroscopy of prepared silver colloidal solution showed an absorption maximum at 410 nm. The FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of different functional groups which were responsible for the reduction and stabilization of silver ions. The SEM analysis revealed that AgNPs are clustered and exhibit both cubical and spherical shape. TEM analysis helped to investigate the effect of capping agent and precursor concentration on the size and shape of the nanoparticles. The nanoparticles synthesized also exhibit antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella sp. Catalytic degradation of dyes by these silver nanoparticles in the presence of sunlight was in the order Methyl Red (MR) greater than Eosin greater than Methylene Blue (MB).","PeriodicalId":509288,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141111178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Bang Chang”, Thai Cultivar Chili Pepper (Capsicum annuum var. acuminatum) Extract in Rice Bran Oil and its Biological Activities","authors":"Kanittada Thongkao, P. Thongmuang, Robert Wyn Owen, Y. Sudjaroen","doi":"10.18805/ijare.af-850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.af-850","url":null,"abstract":"The Thai cultivar Capsicum, namely “Bang Chang chili pepper” (C. annuum var. acuminatum), is originally planted in Samut Songkhram, Thailand. Rice bran oil (RBO) is a healthy oil for preventing cardiovascular diseases. The study aimed to extract this chili pepper using RBO maceration, which was deemed safer. Capsicum extract was determined for capsaicin and β-carotene contents as bioactives of Capsicum and γ-oryzanol and γ-tocopherol as bioactives of RBO. Total phenolic content (TPC) was also monitored. The extract was further evaluated for in vitro biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity and anti-diabetic properties. Capsaicin contained in the extract was 0.002±0.0 mg/100 g non-pungent (0-700 SHU). Therefore, β-carotene was 3,489.5±15.2 μg/100 g, higher than dried chili pepper. γ-oryzanol and α-tocopherol contained in the extract were 4,939.6±11.0 mg/kg and 20,090±45.3 μg/100 g, which may affect its biological activities. However, TPC was a low amount (1.05±0.05 mg GAE/g). Capsicum extract moderately scavenged DPPH radicals (IC50 = 72.46±8.8 mg/mL) and preferred anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting albumin degradation (IC50 = 1.09±0.04 mg/mL) and inhibiting NO production from macrophage cells (21.31±4.26%, at 0.1 mg/mL). Capsicum extract exerted in vitro anti-diabetic activity by inhibiting α-amylase and α-glucosidase (IC50 = 1.35±0.26 and greater than 1,000 mg/mL), while there was a lack of anti-lipase. Capsicum extract (0.0001-1.0 mg/mL) was non-toxic against human fibroblast cells. In conclusion, the simple extraction of this Capsicum within RBO contained bioactive compounds with non-pungency and exhibited biological properties for health benefits with non-toxicity that can be applied for external medicinal use and food seasoning.\u0000","PeriodicalId":509288,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":"127 48","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141115584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of Vermicompost and Farmyard Manure as Organic Fertilizer with Biochar Amendment on Soil Quality, Growth and Yield of Sunflower","authors":"S. Islam, Rakib Bin Anik, Ahmed Khairul Hasan, Rashed Karim, Thanet Khomphet","doi":"10.18805/ijare.af-848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.af-848","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Sunflower is an economically important and the fourth most valuable oil seed crop. The study aimed to investigate organic fertilizers as an alternative method of enhancing soil quality and to determine the optimal combination of organic fertilizer treatments for sunflower growth performance and yield. Methods: The sunflower variety BARI Surjamukhi-2 was used in this study. The treatments were applied as T1= Control; T2= Farmyard Manure @ 2 t ha-1; T3= Vermicompost @2 t ha-1; T4= Biochar @2 t ha-1; T5= Farmyard Manure @1 t ha-1+Vermicompost @ 1 t ha-1; T6= Farmyard Manure @1 t ha-1+Biochar @1 t ha-1 and T7= Vermicompost @ 1 t ha-1+Biochar @1 t ha-1. Result: The data showed that application of different organic fertilizer treatments improves soil quality. Organic fertilizer addition had a positive effect on the growth traits like plant height, leaves number plant-1, stem diameter, chlorophyll content, head diameter, fresh and dry seed number head-1, 1,000-seed weight and seed yield. The correlation results strongly agreed that chlorophyll content, fresh seed number, head diameter plant-1 and 1,000-seed weight could be considered as selection indices for high yield of sunflower. This demonstrates the organic fertilizer’s capacity to improve sunflower growth and yield, as well as its significant potential to replace chemical fertilizers in the perspective of crop sustainability.","PeriodicalId":509288,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":"113 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141115780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive Investigation of Salmonella spp.: Isolation, Characterization and PCR Primer Set Evaluation for Enhanced Detection and Identification","authors":"Zahra M.I. Abdallah, Sabina Akhtar, M. E. Siddig, Jehad Mousa, Adil A. El Husein","doi":"10.18805/ijare.af-862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.af-862","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Salmonellosis is a serious health concern for both animals and humans. According to a report of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 40,000 human infections occur annually; however, the number of unconfirmed cases is as high as approximately 800,000-4000,000. These organisms gain entry into the gastrointestinal cells and cause serious diseases, resulting in intestinal damage and even death. Methods: In this research, 115 Salmonella isolates from different sources were tested. Using morphological, cultural, and biochemical methods, they were classified into 30 serovars. Plasmid profiling was used for quick identification, which showed similarities among the isolates.PCR primer sets targeting specific genes, such as invA, hilA, iroB, oriC, fimA, hitJ and stn, demonstrated reliability, accuracy and specificity for identifying S. enterica serovars. Result: This study recommends the use of specific primer sets in PCR-based methods for rapid and reliable identification and detection of locally isolated Salmonella serovars/strains. This research adds to the continuing efforts for improving the diagnostic techniques to tackle the challenges presented by Salmonella spp.\u0000","PeriodicalId":509288,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":"32 48","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141118110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Standardization of Optimum Grading Sieve Size for Seed Processing in Black Gram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] Varieties","authors":"T. Ramanadane, R. Gnanasekar","doi":"10.18805/ijare.a-6122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.a-6122","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The seeds harvested from the field may not be homogenous in seed size, physical purity and viability in Black gram. Seeds are to be cleaned and graded using seed processing machineries to maintain uniformity of a seed lot. Every variety is having its individuality in seed size. Hence, the common recommendation of 2.8 mm sieve size recommended by Indian Minimum Seed Certification Standards (IMSCS) for grading black gram seeds may not be suitable to recover a maximum quality seeds in all varieties while processing. The present study was carried out to identify a suitable grading sieve size for newly released black gram varieties for getting good quality seeds with better seed recovery during processing. Methods: The study was conducted at Seed Technology Research Unit, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru College of Agriculture and Research Institute, Karaikal during the year 2020-2023. The experiment was laid out in completely randomized design with four replications. Four newly released black gram varieties viz., ADT 6, VBN 8, VBN 10 and VBN 11 were taken for the study. Specified quantities of unprocessed seeds have been sieved using slotted sieves of three sizes above (3.4 mm, 3.2 mm and 3.0 mm) and two sizes below (2.7 mm and 2.5 mm) the recommended sieve size of 2.8 mm for black gram varieties as per the IMSCS. The seeds retained over each sieves were collected separately and tested for seed quality parameters. Result: The results revealed that the seed recovery percent increased with decrease in sieve size while the seed quality parameters found higher with increase in sieve size.The sieve size of 2.7 mm (slotted) registered the maximum cumulative seed recovery of 87% and 89.9%, respectively in Black gram seeds of cv. ADT 6 and VBN 10 along with required seed standards. However, seeds retained from the sieve size of 3.0 mm (slotted) registered the maximum cumulative seed recovery of 91.2% and 87.5%, respectively in VBN 8 and VBN 11 with requisite seed germination and physical purity as per the IMSCS (75% and 98%). Hence, it is suggested that the sieve size of 2.7 mm may be considered as grading sieve size for seed processing in Black gram seeds of cv. ADT 6 and VBN 10 and 3.0 mm may be used as grading screen (Bottom screen) for VBN 8 and VBN 11 for getting good quality seeds with higher seed germination, physical purity and pure live seeds.","PeriodicalId":509288,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":"80 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141121120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}