Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research最新文献

{"title":"Variability and Correlation-coefficient Analysis for Some Proximate Components of Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet Genotypes of Assam","authors":"J. Rajkumari, Dulumoni Das, Jerifar Yasmin, W. Ingtipi","doi":"10.18805/ijare.a-6203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.a-6203","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet is an important and primarily consumed vegetable crop in Assam. Large number of genotypes of Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet are available in Assam, India, which are prosperous source of the gene pool. However, there has been limited understanding of the genetic background of the various proximate components of Lablab, although we primarily use the crop for these proximate components. The present study helps us understand the genetic background of the various proximate components so that they can be efficiently utilized to further improve the genotypes. Methods: Sixteen (16) genotypes of Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet of Assam were collected from the 6 (six) Agro-climatic zones of Assam, their genetic variability were assessed and correlation analysis with respect to their proximate components during the period 2020-2023. The various proximate components that were analyzed includes moisture, ash, fibre, fat, crude protein content and total carbohydrate content. Various genetic parametres were also determined which included heritability, genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variance (GCV and PCV) and genetic advance percentage of mean (GAPM). Result: Significant differences were found among the genotypes in all studied traits in the study. GCV and PCV revealed variability and less influence of the environment that supports the influence of heritable components on traits. High heritability and genetic advance for all the traits indicated action of additive genes. Heritability along with GAPM is a positive indicator of expected progress through selection. The study will help us in understanding the genetic parameters associated with the various proximate components.","PeriodicalId":509288,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":"5 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141661347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Some Chemical and Biological Methods to Control Pepper Root Rot Disease in Iraq","authors":"S. Hussein","doi":"10.18805/ijare.af-831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.af-831","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pepper growing fields in the Babil and Wasit governorates in Iraq, are suffering from a decline in production due to the spread of root rot diseases. The use of biological control techniques, such as the use of beneficial bacteria in the rhizosphere and natural plant extracts, along with chemical fungicides, has recently contributed to reducing the damage of plant pathogens globally. Methods: In this research, the main cause of root rot disease in pepper plants was isolated and diagnosed using polymerase chain reaction technology using (TEF-1α) gene, antagonistic activities of 75 rhizobacterial isolates, natural extracts of garlic and nerium and the fungicides of Promess and Tecto 500 SC were tested in vitro against the pathogen, then the superior bacterial isolates were identified. The ability of biological and chemical agents to control the disease was tested under greenhouse conditions according to the completely randomized design (CRD). Result: The results of isolation showed that the fungus Fusarium solani was dominance and the isolate Fsw45 was the most virulent. 3 of 75 rhizobacterial isolates outperformed the pathogen in an antagonistic tests and identified as Pseudomonas mendocina, P. fluorescens and Staphylococcus kloosii also the fungicides and botanical extracts showed significant antagonistic activities as well in vitro. Under greenhouse conditions, the fungicide treatments excelled in disease control by 100%. As for the 3 bacterial isolates, they achieved a significant reduction in the percentage of disease incidence and disease severity index, their abilities were higher than the nerium and garlic extracts.\u0000","PeriodicalId":509288,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":"23 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141660596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rosmarinic Acid Content and Antioxidant Activity in Ehretia asperula Zollinger et Moritzi Cell Suspension Cultures","authors":"P. Tram, L.T.T. Tien","doi":"10.18805/ijare.af-863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.af-863","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Ehretia asperula Zollinger et Moritzi is a medicinal tree abundant in rosmarinic acid, the primary phenolic component, with numerous beneficial biological properties, including antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, anti-allergy, anti-arthritis, asthma and anti-cancer. Methods: The cell suspension cultures of E. asperula Zollinger et Moritzi derived from the leaf in vitro callus were established in liquid B5 medium added with 0.4 mg/L NAA, 0.1 mg/L BA and 45 g/L glucose. After four weeks, 50 mg/L of chitosan was given to the cell suspension cultures to stimulate rosmarinic acid (RA) production after a 48-hour treatment period. RA content was analyzed using the HPLC and spectrophotometry method after four weeks and 48 hours of chitosan treatment. In addition, the antioxidant capacity of the extracts from E. asperula Zollinger et Moritzi was also tested using DPPH free radical scavenging assay. Result: The RA content and antioxidant capacity of E. asperula Zollinger et Moritzi’ extracts from the leaf in vitro greater than callus derived from the leaf in vitro greater than field-grown leaf greater than biomass of cell suspension cultures. These results suggested a strong correlation between RA concentration and antioxidant capacity. The use of E. asperula Zollinger et Moritzi cell suspension cultures with chitosan as an elicitor for RA production and evaluation of antioxidant activity is presented in this study for the first time. Our results suggest that cell suspension cultures and others may be a good source of RA, an antioxidant compound.\u0000","PeriodicalId":509288,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":"12 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141660887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Fertilizers on Growth, Yield and Quality of Embryo-cultured Sap Coconuts (Cocos nucifera var. sap)","authors":"Cao Thi Nhu, Son Thi Thanh Nga, Thai Thi Thanh Tron, Pham Thi Phuong Thuy","doi":"10.18805/ijare.af-869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.af-869","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The study was carried out to assess how different fertilizers and their application cycles affected the development and productivity of coconut trees grown in embryos. Methods: The experiment was conducted in an entirely randomized manner with five treatments performed continuously for three years on sap coconut at 5-year-old embryo-cultured trees in Tra Vinh province, Vietnam. Result: It was observed that 7-year-old embryo-cultured sap coconuts did not change in size and girth. The number of newly formed leaves ranged from 24.7 to 25.3 leaves/tree/year. The average number of newly formed inflorescences ranged from 16.1 to 18.5 inflorescences/tree/year. Fertilizers and their application time did not affect the fruits/bunch on embryo-cultured sap coconut trees. Fertilization of embryo-cultured sap coconut trees over 5 years old with 118 N-42 P2O5-54 K2O once a month recorded 72.3-93 fruits/tree/year and 7-year-old embryo-cultured sap coconuts recorded wax fruits/bunch ratio of 94-96%.\u0000","PeriodicalId":509288,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":" 1244","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141668796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Different Synthetic and Organic Fertilizer Applications on the Micromorphological Characteristics of Maize (Zea mays L.) Leaves and Some Silage Quality Traits","authors":"Gözde Hafize Yýldýrým, Nuri Yýlmaz, Ayşe Özge Şimşek Soysal, Şükran Öztürk, Öznur Ergen Akçin, Ebru Batı Ay","doi":"10.18805/ijare.af-874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.af-874","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Fertilization is an important cultural practice used to support plant growth and development. Fertilizers provide plants with the nutrients they need, which help them to photosynthesize, grow and develop. Fertilizers are divided into two groups: organic and synthetic. Organic fertilizers are derived from organic materials such as manure, compost and bat guano. Synthetic fertilizers are produced using chemical methods. Methods: This study was conducted to determine the effects of different synthetic and organic fertilizer applications on silage quality and some micromorphological characteristics in maize plants. The study was conducted using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The RX-9292 silage maize variety was used as the plant material. Six different organic and synthetic fertilizer types with different contents (Control, Synthetic Fertilizer-1 (20 kg N, 8 kg P and 8 kg K per decare), Synthetic Fertilizer-2 (20 kg N, 10 kg P and 10 kg K per decare), Poultry Manure, Cattle Manure and Vermicompost). were used in the study. The ADF (%) (Acid Detergent Insoluble Fiber), NDF (%) (Neutral Detergent Insoluble Fiber), ADL (%) (Acid Detergent Insoluble Lignin), SDMR (%); (Silage Dry Matter Content) properties of the silage obtained were then examined. Additionally, the thickness of the cuticle, number and size of stoma-epidermis cells and stoma index of the leaves were measured and observed using Scanning Electron Microscopy. Result: As a result of the measurements and observations, it was found that both synthetic and organic fertilizer applications increased the yield and quality values in silage maize, but synthetic fertilizer applications were more advantageous than organic fertilizers. However, considering the environmental damage of synthetic fertilizers and the importance of organic fertilizer applications for animal health, organic fertilization is thought to be more appropriate.\u0000","PeriodicalId":509288,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":"118 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141666557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arthropods Diversity Associated to Almond Cultivation (Prunus dulcis L.) in Tizi-Ouzou Region","authors":"Chougar Safia, Guermah Dyhia, M. Ferroudja","doi":"10.18805/ijare.af-806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.af-806","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This study deals with the arthropods biodiversity restricted to almond tree plot located in Tafoughalt (Tizi-Ouzou, Algeria). The study of their diet makes it possible to identify the trophic categories in order to carry out a reasoned fight if necessary against harmful species. Methods: To do this, 03 capture methods (sweep net, Barber pots and colored traps) was used. The work is carried out from September 2021 to August 2022. Result: The captures allowed us to identify 108 species of arthropods divided into 05 classes (Arachnida, Crustacea, Myriapoda, Enthognata and Insecta), 16 orders and 54 families.The Coleoptera and Homoptera are the most important of which were with a relative frequency of 54.49% and 25.84% respectively using the sweep net. Coleoptera, Hymenoptera and Diptera are abundant in Barber pots, with a relative frequency equal to 29.38%; 25.05% and 19.36% respectively. Species belonging to the order Homoptera and Hymenoptera are the most counted in aerial yellow traps with a frequency of 26.17% and 25.5%, followed by Diptera and Coleoptera with 20.13% and 14.54%. The Shannon diversity index varied according to the sampling method; the values ranged between 3.38 bits for coloured traps, 3.34 bits for the Barber pots and 2.27 bits for the sweep net. According to the trophic status, the highest indices were recorded for phytophagous with 55% captured by sweep net, 45.07% for coloured traps and 39.68% for the Barber pots.\u0000","PeriodicalId":509288,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":"102 40","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141667327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of Total Phenols, Total Flavonoids and Antioxidant Activity of Watermelon Peel and Rind from Several Cultivation Areas in Indonesia","authors":"Mukti Priastomo, Amirah Adlia, Rohayati, Valentina Lumbantobing, I. K. Adnyana","doi":"10.18805/ijare.af-872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.af-872","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) consists of peel and rind (30-40% of total fruit weight), commonly discarded as waste. Nonetheless, several studies have shown the potential benefit of these watermelon parts. This study aimed to determine the correlation between the watermelon cultivation areas and their chemical composition, especially phenols and flavonoids. Watermelon peel and rind were obtained from Jember (WJ), Sragen (WS), Langkat (WL), Hulu Sungai Tengah (WHST) and Lombok Tengah (WLT). Methods: The total phenols and flavonoids were determined by using the colorimetric method. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity was determined by using DPPH and ABTS methods. Result: The highest total flavonoids, i.e. 41.86±1,65 mgQE/100 g watermelon, was observed in the WHST rind. While WL peel showed the highest total phenols, i.e. 3.97±0.02 mgGAE/g. The correlation analysis for all samples showed no significant relationship between the antioxidant activity and total flavonoids. However, a significant relationship was found between the DPPH-IC50 and total phenols with a correlation value of 0.47 (p less than 0.01) for both watermelon parts peel and rind. In addition, watermelon peel contains higher total flavonoids compared to rind. But, there was no significant difference in the total phenols between the watermelon peel and rind. To conclude, both watermelon peel and rind obtained from five cultivation areas showed antioxidant activities contributed by the phenolic compounds.\u0000","PeriodicalId":509288,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":"2 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141837957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amelioration’s Effects on Soil Chemical Properties in Maize Cultivation in Dryland Aceh, Indonesia","authors":"S. Sufardi, R.B. Yakob, M. Khalil, T. Arabia, K. Khairullah","doi":"10.18805/ijare.af-881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.af-881","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Amelioration is the technique of adding amendments to sub-optimal drylands to improve their chemical quality. The effectiveness of this amendment depends on the type and dosage of the amendment. Methods: This pot experiment was carried out using a randomized block design (RBD) in 3 replications. Treatment of amendment materials (A) which consists of 8 (eight) treatments, namely: A0 (no amendment); A1 (biochar 20 t ha-1); A2 (compost 20 t ha-1); A3 (CaCO3 4 t ha-1); A4 (SP-36 fertilizer 4 t ha-1); A5 (biochar 10 t ha-1 + CaCO3 4 t ha-1); A6 (compost 10 t ha-1 + CaCO3 4 t ha-1); and A7 (biochar 10 t ha-1 + compost 10 t ha-1). The top soils (0-20 cm) were used in the experiment taken from three soil orders of sub-optimal dryland of Aceh Besar Regency, Aceh (Indonesia), including Andisols, Inceptisols and Ultisols. Result: Providing amendments affects several soil chemical parameters in the drylands of Aceh and this effect depends on the type of ameliorant material and the dose applied as well as the soil order. By applying amendments, soils with a slightly acidic pH could turn slightly alkaline, resulting in an increase in available P, K and cation exchange capacity (CEC) of dryland soils.\u0000","PeriodicalId":509288,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":" 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141680883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Soil and Foliar Nitrogen Fertilization on Performance and Economics of Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) Cultivation under Rainfed Conditions of Nagaland","authors":"N. Kikon, Virosanuo Solo, L. Longkumer, Imlilemla Amlari, Anil Kumar Singh, L. Tzudir","doi":"10.18805/ijare.a-6239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.a-6239","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Crop production relies heavily on essential nutrients. Balanced soil-applied fertilizers, along with foliar sprays, can improve input efficiency and crop performance, particularly in rainfed areas prone to moisture stress. Method: A field investigation was conducted at the experimental farm of School of Agricultural Sciences, Nagaland University, Medziphema campus, during rabi season of 2021. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications with four main factors comprising of soil-application of different doses of N (nitrogen) in two splits (based on RDF of 40 kg N ha-1) viz., 100 % N, 75% N, 50% N and 25% N and five sub-factors comprising of foliar sprays of N viz. Control (water spray), single spray of Nanourea @ 3 ml liter-1, two sprays of Nanourea @ 3 ml liter-1, single spray of Urea @ 2% and two sprays of Urea @ 2 %. Result: Among the different soil application treatments, significantly highest NUE (Agronomic Efficiency), seed yield (996.80 kg ha-1) and stover yield (3032.10 kg-1) was recorded with soil application of 100 % N ultimately recording the highest net return (Rs. 26004 ha-1) and IBCR (5.80). Whereas, two sprays of Nanourea @ 3 ml L-1, among foliar treatments, recorded the highest NUE (Agronomic Efficiency), seed and stover yield (918.44 kg ha-1 and 3032.26 kg ha-1 respectively) as well as net returns (Rs. 22988 ha-1) and IBCR (5.5).\u0000","PeriodicalId":509288,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":"40 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141687665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foliar Nutrient Application with Macro and Micro Nutrients Alters Yield and Total Antioxidative Capacity of Bhendi (Abelmoschus esculentus)","authors":"P. Chandrasekaran, N. Ashokkumar, S. Ashok, C. Navinkumar, S. Karpagavalli, Saravanakumar, A. Rajeshkumar, S. Ramadass","doi":"10.18805/ijare.a-6141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.a-6141","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Plant nutrient deficiency is the major challenge in agriculture results in lower crop yield and quality. This may lower the farmer’s income by reducing marketable value. In other hand, eating nutrient dense vegetables is the most cost effective strategy to combat malnutrition. The efficiency of inorganic micronutrients applied into soils is low as they become easily fixed to soil particles. Hence, exogenous application of nutrients is an effective option to enhance plant nutrient use efficiency. Methods: This study was conducted at SRM College of Agricultural Sciences, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu during 2022-2023 to alleviate nutrient insufficiency challenges in bhendi variety Senora by using Randomized block design with seven different treatments viz., T1- Control, T2- Nutrient consortia 1 (N + K + B + Fe+ Mn + Zn @ 1% ), T3- Nutrient consortia 2 (N + K + Fe+ Cu + B @ 1%), T4- Nutrient consortia 3 (N + K + Mg + B + Fe + Zn @ 1%), T5- Nutrient consortia 4 (T2 + NAA + SA@ 1%), T6- Nutrient consortia 5 (T3 + NAA + SA @ 1%), T7- Nutrient consortia 6 (T4 + NAA + SA @ 1%), sprayed at 30, 45 and 60 days after sowing. Result: Various physiological, biochemical, yield and quality parameters were measured to evaluate the effects of Nutrient consortia. The results of field experiment strongly improved that the eight biochemical parameters viz., chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll content, chlorophyll a/b ratio, chlorophyll stability index, leaf soluble protein, lipid peroxidation by melondialdehyde and proline content. The yield and quality traits such as number of fruits per plant, total fruit yield, total phenolics and total antioxidants activity were significantly increased through application of Nutrient consortia 6 followed by Nutrient consortia 4. So this can be used as yield and quality enhancer formulation of bhendi crops.\u0000","PeriodicalId":509288,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":"59 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141688515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}