Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research最新文献

{"title":"Productivity and Profitability of Indian Mustard as affected by Integrated Weed Management","authors":"R. Dash, T. K. Das, B.K. Mohapatra, N. Panda, S. Tripathy, I. Kar, S. Samantaray, S. Karubakee, S. Acharya","doi":"10.18805/ijare.a-6219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.a-6219","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Weed infestation is a primary cause of reduced yields, with estimated losses ranging from 10-70% due to crop-weed competition in Indian mustard. Therefore, it is essential to implement effective weed control measures to optimize the crop¢s yield potential. A combination of herbicides with manual, culturaland mechanical approaches is desirable to achieve optimal weed control. Therefore, a field experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of integrated weed management on the productivity and profitability of Indian mustard. Methods: The experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Main Research Farm, College of Agriculture, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology (OUAT), Bhubaneswar during rabi season of 2021-22 and 2022-23. It consisted of eight treatments in a randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. Result: Pendimethalin 0.75 kg ha-1 fb straw mulch 5 t ha-1 controlled the mixed flora of weeds which resulted in the lowest weed density, weed dry weight, weed index and highest weed control efficiency which resulted in the highest grain yield and stover yield of mustard. Pre-emergence application of pendimethalin 0.75 kg ha-1 fb straw mulch 5 t ha-1 registered the highest benefit-cost ratio.\u0000","PeriodicalId":509288,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":"11 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141816357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling Hydromorphic Soil Formation Dynamics in Andem, Gabon: A Soil Survey Approach","authors":"R. Adhikary, Arunabha Pal","doi":"10.18805/ijare.a-6234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.a-6234","url":null,"abstract":"Background: A study was conducted on the processes of formation of hydromorphic soils in the estuary plateau region of Andem, Gabon, Africa through determination of hydromorphic index (HI), particle distribution-ratios and CEC/clay using details soil survey database followed by their appropriate classification in USDA soil taxonomy. Methods: The experiment carried out at Andem estuary region during 2022-23. The findings indicated that the surface horizons of these soils appeared wet with a reddish-brown coloration, accompanied by the presence of iron (Fe2+) and manganese (Mn2+) nodules in reduction phases at depths ranging from 25 to 60 cm. Additionally, redoximorphic depletions were observed below 60 cm in soils located in lower piedmonts and older alluvial plains. Result: These indices show a significant relation with the physicochemical properties of the soil. Furthermore, it was observed that these soils tended to accumulate organic matter at a rate surpassing its decomposition. The results also demonstrated a variation in Hydrologic Index (HI), ranging from 11.8 in Humic Endoaquepts to 5.2 in Typic Udifluvents, these criteria utilized for confirming and establishing hydromorphic soils could provide valuable insights for managing these soils to enhance productivity and optimize land use practices.\u0000","PeriodicalId":509288,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":"70 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141817763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anticancer Screening of Few Wild Edible Fruits in Mizoram, Northeast India using MTT Assay","authors":"Rody Ngurthankhumi, T. Hazarika, Esther Lalruatsangi, H. Lalhmachhuani, Panthor Debbarma, Zothansiama","doi":"10.18805/ijare.a-6249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.a-6249","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cancer is an assortment of diseases resulting from disrupting cell cycle regulation. It is characterised by the proliferation of cells in an unregulated manner. The development of cancer can be attributed to a variety of factors, both external and internal. Various plants are rich in a variety of bioactive phytochemicals and essential nutrients. Several studies over the past few decades have shed light on the significant role of these phytochemicals in preventing chronic diseases such as cancer, diabetes and coronary heart disease. The MTT in vitro cell proliferation assay known for its high reliability and commonly used to measure whole-cell cytotoxicity across various cell lines is a commonly employed method for assessing the initial effectiveness of synthetic derivatives and natural products in combating cancer. Methods: For the current study wild edible fruits were collected from different regions of Mizoram, northeast India during 2020-2021. The study involved conducting an MTT in vitro cell proliferation assay on A549 cell lines using methanolic extract of seven wild edible fruits. Result: The methanolic extract of the seven wild edible fruits exhibited a significant cytotoxic effect on the A549 cell lines. Tamarindus indica demonstrated the lowest IC50 value of 119.77±0.20 ìg/ml indicating its high cytotoxicity against A549 cell lines, followed by Citrus grandis with an IC50 value of 176.63±10.66 ìg/ml among the seven wild edible fruits studied.\u0000","PeriodicalId":509288,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":" 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141825049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive Assessment of Genetic Variability and Selection Strategies in Oat Germplasm for Improved Fodder and Seed Yield in N-W Himalayan Mid-hill Environments","authors":"Rajni Devi, V. Sood, Anuradha, Amit Rana, Ajeta Katoch, Shilpa Kamal, Abhishek Kumar","doi":"10.18805/ijare.a-6206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.a-6206","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Oat is an important dual purpose annual cereal crop with high adaptability and enhanced nutritional value. Expanding population and squeezing arable land has led to competition for utilization of land for food grains and fodder which necessitates intensified efforts toward more efficient forage production. Hence studying genetic variability in oats becomes crucial for selection of resilient genotypes with traits tailored for resilience and high yield by ensuring crop productivity in varying environmental conditions. Methods: A total of 121 oat germplasm lines were evaluated for sixteen traits using simple lattice design for three years to study genetic variability, trait inter-relationships and conduct principal component and cluster analyses. Result: Substantial genetic variability was observed for fodder yield and component traits. High coefficients of variation for flag leaf area alongwith its high heritability and genetic advance, underscore its suitability for selection while, moderate GA for tillers per plant and 1000-seed weight, suggested hybridization coupled with selection. Fodder yield displayed significant and positive correlations with multiple traits suggesting effective selection. Path coefficient and principal component analysis identified days to 50% flowering, plant height, leaves per plant, biological and seed yield, dry matter and crude protein yield as optimal selection indices for enhancing fodder yield. Cross-breeding among diverse genotypes from specific clusters within the evaluated panel offers promising avenues for future oat breeding and yield improvement programmes.\u0000","PeriodicalId":509288,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":" 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141826586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insecticidal Effect of Two Chemotypes of the Essential Oil of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh against Aphis fabae Scopoli","authors":"M. Mehani, A. Rezzag, A. Chelgui, L. Segni","doi":"10.18805/ijare.af-861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.af-861","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The objective of this study was to study the insecticidal and repellent effect of the essential oil of the plant Eucalyptus camaldulensis Red Dehnh extracted by hydrodistillation method planted in the Ouargla region against the black aphid. Methods: The insecticidal effect of essential oils against aphid mortality by the introduction of bean leaflets in the different oily extracts with different concentrations and the count of dead individuals after 3, 6 and 24 h at the physiology laboratory in Ghardaïa University. Result: Through this study, the leaves treated with the major compounds of Eucalyptus camaldulensis essential oil such as Benzene,1-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl) at 35 per cent concentration after 24 hours, a 65 per cent aphid mortality was recorded which is more effective compared to Sabinene and essential oils of Eucalyptus camaldulensis at different concentrations (5; 35%; and 50 per cent). As for the repellent effect is 87 per cent after 6 hours for the pure essential oil of E. camaldulensis.\u0000","PeriodicalId":509288,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":" 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141828511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Forest Suitability of Soils in the Dry Steppe Zone of the Volgograd Region","authors":"A. Tubalov","doi":"10.18805/ijare.af-870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.af-870","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Assessing the forest suitability of soils is one of the key areas of agroforestry science. Research in this direction makes it possible to characterize areas where tree and shrub vegetation does not grow under natural conditions. The research carried out makes it possible to assess the possibilities of afforestation in the area of interest; they contribute to the perception of landscape diversity in the context of the reclamation efficiency of the created systems of protective forest plantings, their productivity and durability. Identification of soil suitability for forests is closely related to the assessment of soil quality and fertility. The study of forest suitability of soils has a pronounced regional aspect. This article presents materials from cartographic studies of the dry steppe zone of the Volgograd region of the Russian Federation. The study region is characterized by a wide variety of soil cover. Dark chestnut, chestnut soils and light chestnut soils are common in this zone. The processes of erosion, salinizationand deflation make a great contribution to the diversity of soil complexes. Methods: In this work, the cartographic research method is the main one. Achieving the research goal, creating a cartographic model of the forest vegetation properties of the study area, was carried out in three stages. At the first stage, the contours of the soil map at a scale of 1:400000 were classified into forest suitability groups. During the second stage, based on the functionality of the QGIS software package, new soil contours were created. At the third stage, area characteristics were taken, share parameters were calculated and an analysis of changes in soil cover was carried out in natural and economic areas. The research materials presented in this article were obtained during the implementation of the state task of the research work of the FSC of Agroecology RAS. The research period is from 2021-08 to 2023-11. Result: The result of the research is the creation of a cartographic model of the forest suitability of soils in the dry steppe zone of the Volgograd region. Based on measuring the areas of soil contours for each of the 17 administrative districts, the ratio of groups of forest suitability of soils was established. The revealed value of the share indicator for the study area as a whole is as follows: soils I, forest suitability groups occupy 10.4% of the territory; II -9.3%; III - 68.3%; IV - 12%. The data obtained are necessary for planning agroforestry work in the study area.\u0000","PeriodicalId":509288,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":" 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141829930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bambara groundnuts [Vigna subterranea (L.)Verdc] Production Systems in Kavango East Region, Northern Namibia","authors":"Felicitas M. Fwanyanga, L. Horn, Timothy Sibanda, Barbara Reinhold-Hurek","doi":"10.18805/ijare.af-838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.af-838","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The productivity of Bambara groundnut [Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc] is gradually decreasing in subsistence farming systems due to various factors, including climate-related issues, socioeconomic limitations and farming practices. This study aimed to identify the reasons for this decrease by examining factors like farming methods, seed color preferences, input quantities and production constraints. Methods: A participatory rural appraisal study was conducted in the Mukwe and Ndiyona constituencies. Four villages per constituency were selected for the study. A structured questionnaire was employed to collect data on demographics, Bambara groundnut farming practices (including farm size, yield, uses and seed preferences), farming inputs and production constraints. Result: The study found that most farmers (77.8%) allocated less than one hectare of land annually for Bambara groundnut cultivation. Around 66.7% of farmers reported low yields, typically between 1 and 100 kg per season. Most farmers (85.7%) grew Bambara groundnuts primarily for household consumption, with only 14.3% focusing on income generation. Cream-seeded Bambara groundnuts were the preferred choice among farmers due to their early maturation, high yield potential and ease of preparation. The main production challenges identified in the region included field pests, low yields, lack of improved varieties, expensive labor and high seed costs. To address these issues, the study recommended breeding for improved varieties and using inoculants to increase crop output. These approaches aim to boost yields and provide nitrogen enrichment for subsequent crops.\u0000","PeriodicalId":509288,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":"20 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141641451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cluster Front Line Demonstrations on New Chickpea Varieties in Western Parts of Kurnool District of Andhra Pradesh","authors":"M. Jayalakshmi, G. P. Babu, B. H. Chaithanya, K. S. Babu, V. Jayalakshmi","doi":"10.18805/ijare.lr-5235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.lr-5235","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cluster Front Line Demonstrations were conducted to study the comparative performance of new chickpea varieties in the western parts of Kurnool district, Andhra Pradesh. These demonstrations were conducted at twenty five locations during the Rabi season of two consecutive years (2019-20 and 2020-21). Methods: Three improved chickpea varieties (Nandyal Gram-3, Nandyal Gram-49 and Nandyal Gram-452) were selected to implement these demonstrations and the improved varieties were compared with the locally grown JG-11 variety. Result: During two years of assessment, the pooled results revealed that the highest mean number of pods (51.3) per plant and average pod yield (2234 kg ha-1) were recorded in Nandyal Gram-452 compared to local variety JG-11 (41.2 pods per plant; 1862 kg ha-1). The lowest incidence of fusarium wilt was recorded in Nandyal Gram 452 (6.14%) followed by Nandyal Gram 49 (9.73%) and Nandyal Gram 3 (12.04%) compared to JG-11 (15.83%). The lowest dry root rot was also observed with Nandyal Gram-452 variety (10.92%) compared to JG-11 (18.19%). The higher average net income (80486 Rs ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (2.9) were realized in the demonstration with the improved Nandyal Gram-452 variety in comparison to lower net income (58370Rs ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (2.3) with JG-11. These results clearly indicated that the improved chickpea variety Nandyal Gram 452 is the best alternative old variety JG-11 which is being cultivated since 2005.\u0000","PeriodicalId":509288,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":"89 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141647205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of Drought Resistance of New Varieties of Spring Barley Based on Photosynthetic Potential and Leaf Diagnostics “Ecotest 2020” in Arid Conditions of the Lower Volga Region","authors":"Guzenko A. Yu, A. V. Guzenko, V. L. Sapunkov","doi":"10.18805/ijare.af-864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.af-864","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Due to the changing climatic conditions in the Southern Federal District over the past thirty years, the yield of spring barley has fallen sharply due to the sharp hot and extreme temperatures. In 2023, based on early research and a summary of meteorological forecast data in the Volgograd region, an experiment was launched on the basis of the Federal Scientific Center of Agroecology of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Kamyshinsky district to test spring barley varieties: Medicum 139, Medicum 200, Kamyshinsky 23, Dmitrievsky 5 and Novonikolaevsky. These varieties were selected as the most stress-and drought-resistant in terms of their breeding characteristics. Methods: The technology of cultivating varieties of spring barley in field experiments was according to B.A. Dospekhov and the methodology of the state variety testing of agricultural crops. Result: When studying the products of spring barley varieties, variety tests were conducted in arid conditions of the Southern Federal District. The study of the potential of spring barley varieties in experimental plots according to PP and NPP made it possible to assess the productivity of crops in the “germination-tillering” phase. The results of leaf diagnostics, further research in the Kamyshinsky district allowed us to identify the most heat- and drought-resistant varieties despite extreme weather conditions.\u0000","PeriodicalId":509288,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":"32 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141651114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Storage Temperature and Duration on Phytochemical Contents and Antioxidant Activities of the Inflorescence of Aranda Hybrids","authors":"J. Chompoo, Oranee Chusuwan, S. Abdullakasim","doi":"10.18805/ijare.af-837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ijare.af-837","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Background: Four Aranda hybrids, including Aranda Bangkhuntian Gold, A. Calypso, A. Royal Sapphire and A. Sayan Duangporn were analyzed for their bioactive substances and antioxidative activities as commercial cut flowers with suggested medicinal properties. Methods: A completely randomized design was conducted for this study. Total flavonoids, total phenolics and 2,2¢-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferrous ion (Fe (II)) radical scavenging activities were analyzed from the ethanoic extracts of four parts, including flower bud, blooming flowers, leaves and roots of the four Aranda cultivars. Furthermore, the dried powder samples were kept at room temperature (25-28°C) or cool (5-7°C) for six months to compare the bioactive substances and antioxidative activities after storage. Result: In most Aranda hybrids, the leaf ethanolic extracts had the highest total flavonoids and total phenolic contents range from 26.63-40.05 mg rutin equivalent (RUE)/g extract and 152.00-254.13 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g extract, respectively, which is remarkably different from the floral parts (bud or blooming flowers) that had only 8.00-20.80 mg RUE/g extract and 97.44-143.44 mg GAE/g extract, respectively. The highest ABTS and Fe (II) antioxidant activities were detected in the leaf part with 53.13-78.85% and 11.19-15.07%, respectively, while the inhibitory effect on DPPH of most Aranda hybrids was the highest in the root part (67.37-80.90%), which 1.13-2.78 folds higher than the floral parts. Compared among the four Aranda hybrids, the A. Bangkhuntian Gold had the highest leaf total phenolic content (291.67 mg GAE/g extract) and inhibitory activities on ABTS and DPPH in the root part, about 80.90-82.23%. At six months of dried sample storage at room temperature or in a refrigerator, the total phenolic contents, ABTS, DPPH and Fe (II) activities in all organs of most Aranda hybrids could maintain similar levels in both storage temperatures. In contrast, the total flavonoid contents of leaves and roots were more sensitive to room temperature since the level was markedly reduced.","PeriodicalId":509288,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research","volume":"75 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141653398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}