Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems最新文献_第2页

High-order coronagraphic wavefront control with algorithmic differentiation: first experimental demonstration 采用算法微分的高阶日冕仪波前控制：首次实验演示

Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1117/1.JATIS.9.4.045004

Scott D. Will, Marshall D. Perrin, E. Por, J. Noss, A. Sahoo, Peter Petrone, I. Laginja, R. Pourcelot, S. Redmond, L. Pueyo, Tyler D. Groff, James R. Fienup, R. Soummer

{"title":"High-order coronagraphic wavefront control with algorithmic differentiation: first experimental demonstration","authors":"Scott D. Will, Marshall D. Perrin, E. Por, J. Noss, A. Sahoo, Peter Petrone, I. Laginja, R. Pourcelot, S. Redmond, L. Pueyo, Tyler D. Groff, James R. Fienup, R. Soummer","doi":"10.1117/1.JATIS.9.4.045004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JATIS.9.4.045004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Future space-based coronagraphs will rely critically on focal-plane wavefront sensing and control with deformable mirrors (DMs) to reach deep contrast by mitigating optical aberrations in the primary beam path. Until now, most focal-plane wavefront control algorithms have been formulated in terms of Jacobian matrices, which encode the predicted effect of each DM actuator on the focal-plane electric field. A disadvantage of these methods is that Jacobian matrices can be cumbersome to compute and manipulate, particularly when the number of DM actuators is large. Recently, we proposed a new class of focal-plane wavefront control algorithms that utilize gradient-based optimization with algorithmic differentiation to compute wavefront control solutions while avoiding the explicit computation and manipulation of Jacobian matrices entirely. In simulations using a coronagraph design for the proposed Large UV/Optical/Infrared Surveyor, we showed that our approach reduces overall CPU time and memory consumption compared to a Jacobian-based algorithm. Here, we expand on these results by implementing the proposed algorithm on the High-contrast Imager for Complex Aperture Telescopes tested at the Space Telescope Science Institute and present initial experimental results, demonstrating contrast suppression capabilities equivalent to Jacobian-based methods.","PeriodicalId":508807,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems","volume":"178 1","pages":"045004 - 045004"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139328393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Schedule optimization for transiting exoplanet observations with National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s Pandora SmallSat mission 利用美国国家航空航天局的潘多拉小卫星任务进行凌日系外行星观测的时间表优化

Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1117/1.JATIS.9.4.047001

Trevor O. Foote, T. Barclay, Christina L. Hedges, N. Lewis, E. Quintana, B. Rackham, K. Colón, David Ciardi

{"title":"Schedule optimization for transiting exoplanet observations with National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s Pandora SmallSat mission","authors":"Trevor O. Foote, T. Barclay, Christina L. Hedges, N. Lewis, E. Quintana, B. Rackham, K. Colón, David Ciardi","doi":"10.1117/1.JATIS.9.4.047001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JATIS.9.4.047001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Pandora is an upcoming NASA SmallSat mission that will observe transiting exoplanets to study their atmospheres and the variability of their host stars. Efficient mission planning is critical for maximizing the science achieved with the year-long primary mission. To this end, we have developed a scheduler based on a metaheuristic algorithm that is focused on tackling the unique challenges of time-constrained observing missions, like Pandora. Our scheduling algorithm combines a minimum transit requirement metric, which ensures we meet observational requirements, with a “quality” metric that considers three factors to determine the scientific quality of each observation window around an exoplanet transit (defined as a visit). These three factors are: observing efficiency during a visit, the amount of the transit captured by the telescope during a visit, and how much of the transit captured is contaminated by a coincidental passing of the observatory through the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA). The importance of each of these factors can be adjusted based on the needs or preferences of the science team. Utilizing this schedule optimizer, we develop and compare a few schedules with differing factor weights for the Pandora SmallSat mission, illustrating trade-offs that should be considered between the three quality factors. We also find that under all scenarios probed, Pandora will not only be able to achieve its observational requirements using the planets on the notional target list but will do so with significant time remaining for ancillary science.","PeriodicalId":508807,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems","volume":"50 1","pages":"047001 - 047001"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139327398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Active surface thickness optimization and prototype testing of an aluminum deformable mirror for spaceborne electro-optical payloads 用于机载电子光学有效载荷的铝质可变形反射镜的主动表面厚度优化和原型测试

Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1117/1.JATIS.9.4.049003

Yesh Pal, Prabal Munjal, Naimesh R. Patel, Shaunak R. Joshi, Nikunj Bheda, Ashwin V. Patel

{"title":"Active surface thickness optimization and prototype testing of an aluminum deformable mirror for spaceborne electro-optical payloads","authors":"Yesh Pal, Prabal Munjal, Naimesh R. Patel, Shaunak R. Joshi, Nikunj Bheda, Ashwin V. Patel","doi":"10.1117/1.JATIS.9.4.049003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JATIS.9.4.049003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Deformable mirrors (DM) are critical components of active optics systems that are used to compensate for wavefront correction in spaceborne electro-optical (EO) payloads. In comparison to glass mirrors, a metal-based mirror is lighter in weight, has more compact design, is less expensive, and can be manufactured quickly. Furthermore, aluminum has higher yield strength than glass, which is advantageous in the event of mirror deformation. We present finite element (FE) optimization of an aluminum mirror’s active surface for the contradictory requirements of flexibility for mirror deformation and stiffness for mirror fabrication. The active surface thickness considered for optimization is 1 to 6 mm for varied mirror diameters ranging from 80 to 100 mm. Aspects related to mirror fabrication on single point diamond turning (SPDT) machine have been considered during the design stage. We compare correction accuracy targeting more than 95%, peak to peak actuator stroke, and root mean square error for various diameters and thicknesses. The optimized mirror was fabricated using SPDT and tested using an interferometer. Later, a DM prototype was built using commercially available piezoelectric actuators, and targeted aberrations/shapes were generated to demonstrate the accuracy of correction.","PeriodicalId":508807,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems","volume":"10 1","pages":"049003 - 049003"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139327966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Toward 10 cm s−1 radial velocity accuracy on the Sun using a Fourier transform spectrometer 利用傅立叶变换光谱仪实现太阳 10 cm s-1 径向速度精度

Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1117/1.JATIS.9.4.045003

M. Debus, Sebastian Schäfer, Ansgar Reiners

{"title":"Toward 10 cm s−1 radial velocity accuracy on the Sun using a Fourier transform spectrometer","authors":"M. Debus, Sebastian Schäfer, Ansgar Reiners","doi":"10.1117/1.JATIS.9.4.045003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JATIS.9.4.045003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The Institute for Astrophysics and Geophysics solar observatory is producing high-fidelity, ultra-high-resolution spectra (R > 500000) of the spatially resolved surface of the Sun using a Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS). The radial velocity (RV) calibration of these spectra is currently performed using absorption lines from Earth’s atmosphere, limiting the precision and accuracy. To improve the frequency calibration precision and accuracy, we use a Fabry–Pérot etalon (FP) setup that is an evolution of the CARMENES FP design and an iodine cell in combination. To create an accurate wavelength solution, the iodine cell is measured in parallel with the FP. The FP is then used to transfer the accurate wavelength solution provided by the iodine via a simultaneous calibration of solar observations. To verify the stability and precision of the FTS, we perform parallel measurements of the FP and an iodine cell. The measurements show an intrinsic stability of the FTS of a level of 1 m s − 1 over 90 h. The difference between the FP RVs and the iodine cell RVs show no significant trends during the same time span. The root mean square of the RV difference between the FP and iodine cell is 10.7 cm s − 1, which can be largely attributed to the intrinsic RV precisions of the iodine cell and the FP (10.2 and 1.0 cm s − 1, respectively). This shows that we can calibrate the FTS to a level of 10 cm s − 1, competitive with current state-of-the-art precision RV instruments. Based on these results, we argue that the spectrum of iodine can be used as an absolute reference to reach an RV accuracy of 10 cm s − 1.","PeriodicalId":508807,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems","volume":"98 1","pages":"045003 - 045003"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139325922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Marginalized myopic deconvolution of adaptive optics corrected images using Markov chain Monte Carlo methods 利用马尔可夫链蒙特卡洛方法对自适应光学校正图像进行边际近视解卷积

Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1117/1.JATIS.9.4.048004

Alix Yan, Laurent M. Mugnier, J. Giovannelli, Romain Fétick, Cyril Petit

{"title":"Marginalized myopic deconvolution of adaptive optics corrected images using Markov chain Monte Carlo methods","authors":"Alix Yan, Laurent M. Mugnier, J. Giovannelli, Romain Fétick, Cyril Petit","doi":"10.1117/1.JATIS.9.4.048004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JATIS.9.4.048004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Adaptive optics (AO) corrected image restoration is particularly difficult, as it suffers from the lack of knowledge on the point spread function (PSF) in addition to usual difficulties. An efficient approach is to marginalize the object out of the problem and to estimate the PSF and (object and noise) hyperparameters only, before deconvolving the image using these estimates. Recent works have applied this marginal myopic deconvolution method, based on the maximum a posteriori estimator, combined with a parametric model of the PSF, to a series of AO-corrected astronomical and satellite images. However, this method does not enable one to infer global uncertainties on the parameters. We propose a PSF estimation method, which consists in choosing the minimum mean square error estimator and computing the latter as well as the associated uncertainties thanks to a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm. We validate our method by means of realistic simulations, in both astronomical and satellite observation contexts. Finally, we present results on experimental images for both applications: an astronomical observation on Very Large Telescope/spectro-polarimetric high-contrast exoplanet research with the Zimpol instrument and a ground-based LEO satellite observation at Côte d’Azur Observatory’s 1.52 m telescope with Office National d'Etudes et de Recherches Aérospatiales’s ODISSEE AO bench.","PeriodicalId":508807,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems","volume":"8 1","pages":"048004 - 048004"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139330282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Initial characterization of the first Speedster-EXD550 event-driven X-ray hybrid CMOS detectors 首批 Speedster-EXD550 事件驱动 X 射线混合 CMOS 探测器的初步特性分析

Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1117/1.JATIS.9.4.046002

Joseph M. Colosimo, Hannah M. Grzybowski, Evan C. Jennerjahn, Lukas R. Stone, Abraham D. Falcone, M. Wages, Jacob C. Buffington, David N. Burrows, Zachary E. Catlin, Timothy Emeigh, Freddy Hancock

{"title":"Initial characterization of the first Speedster-EXD550 event-driven X-ray hybrid CMOS detectors","authors":"Joseph M. Colosimo, Hannah M. Grzybowski, Evan C. Jennerjahn, Lukas R. Stone, Abraham D. Falcone, M. Wages, Jacob C. Buffington, David N. Burrows, Zachary E. Catlin, Timothy Emeigh, Freddy Hancock","doi":"10.1117/1.JATIS.9.4.046002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JATIS.9.4.046002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Future x-ray observatories will require imaging detectors with fast readout speeds that simultaneously achieve or exceed the other high-performance parameters of x-ray charge-coupled devices used in many missions over the past three decades. Fast readout will reduce the impact of pile-up in missions with large collecting areas while improving the performance in other respects, such as timing resolution. Event-driven readout, in which only pixels with charge from x-ray events are read out, can be used to achieve these faster operating speeds. Speedster-EXD550 detectors are hybrid complementary metal-oxide semiconductor detectors capable of event-driven readout that were developed by Teledyne Imaging Sensors and Penn State University. We present the initial results from measurements of the first of these detectors, demonstrating their capabilities and performance in both full-frame and event-driven readout modes. These include dark current, read noise, gain variation, and energy resolution measurements from the first two engineering-grade devices.","PeriodicalId":508807,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems","volume":"173 1","pages":"046002 - 046002"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139327397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hybrid propagation physics for the design and modeling of astronomical observatories: a coronagraphic example 用于天文观测台设计和建模的混合传播物理学：以日冕仪为例

Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1117/1.JATIS.9.4.048003

Jaren Ashcraft, Ewan S Douglas, Daewook Kim, A. Riggs

{"title":"Hybrid propagation physics for the design and modeling of astronomical observatories: a coronagraphic example","authors":"Jaren Ashcraft, Ewan S Douglas, Daewook Kim, A. Riggs","doi":"10.1117/1.JATIS.9.4.048003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JATIS.9.4.048003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. For diffraction-limited optical systems, an accurate physical optics model is necessary to properly evaluate instrument performance. Astronomical observatories outfitted with coronagraphs for direct exoplanet imaging require physical optics models to simulate the effects of misalignment and diffraction. Accurate knowledge of the observatory’s point-spread function (PSF) is integral for the design of high-contrast imaging instruments and simulation of astrophysical observations. The state of the art is to model the misalignment, ray aberration, and diffraction across multiple software packages, which complicates the design process. Gaussian beamlet decomposition (GBD) is a ray-based method of diffraction calculation that has been widely implemented in commercial optical design software. By performing the coherent calculation with data from the ray model of the observatory, the ray aberration errors can be fed directly into the physical optics model of the coronagraph, enabling a more integrated model of the observatory. We develop a formal algorithm for the transfer-matrix method of GBD and evaluate it against analytical results and a traditional physical optics model to assess the suitability of GBD for high-contrast imaging simulations. Our GBD simulations of the observatory PSF, when compared to the analytical Airy function, have a sum-normalized RMS difference of ≈10 − 6. These fields are then propagated through a Fraunhofer model of an exoplanet imaging coronagraph where the mean residual numerical contrast is 4 × 10 − 11, with a maximum near the inner working angle at 5 × 10 − 9. These results show considerable promise for the future development of GBD as a viable propagation technique in high-contrast imaging. We developed this algorithm in an open-source software package and outlined a path for its continued development to increase the accuracy and flexibility of diffraction simulations using GBD.","PeriodicalId":508807,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems","volume":"3 1","pages":"048003 - 048003"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139328743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0