Passer Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Identifying High Crash Signalized Intersections and Application of Highway Safety Manual Predictive Method to Reduce Crashes","authors":"Nasreen Hussein","doi":"10.24271/psr.2024.188487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24271/psr.2024.188487","url":null,"abstract":"Road crash reduction depends on the precise identification of High Crash Locations (HCLs) and suggesting appropriate solutions and preventative measures. Though not all crashes are owing to defective characteristics of the roadway, a concentration of crashes at one location suggests that there may be a failure in the highway system. Identification of these HCLs can be achieved by detailed investigation of crash records, and further evaluations can then result in improvements that will decrease the number and severity of future crashes. The primary goal of this study is to identify HCLs in Duhok City and rank the signalized intersections using mathematical methods such as crash frequency method, crash rate method and critical crash rate method and identify possible treatments that reduce crashes at signalized intersections using the Highway Safety Manual. Distribution of crashes by type indicates that the rear end, angle, and sideswipe are common types of crashes that occur at these intersections. The results indicated that of intersections, Tax, Benavi 1, Benavi 2, Commerce, and Etite intersections are hazardous locations. The Highway Safety Manual (HSM) predictive method allows the design engineer in a road agency to estimate the measurable safety impacts of several design proposals and offer explanations for their design decisions. The results show that one approach/countermeasure to crash prevention may work effectively; however, a combination of approaches and/or countermeasures will have a greater impact. Furthermore, the results showed that there is a significant effect on the probable average crash frequency after all treatments applied at intersections.","PeriodicalId":508608,"journal":{"name":"Passer Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences","volume":"24 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140520966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Spraying by Moringa Leaf, Garlic, and Turmeric Extracts in Pomegranate Leaves Mineral Content","authors":"A. Aljabary","doi":"10.24271/psr.2023.410486.1366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24271/psr.2023.410486.1366","url":null,"abstract":"The current study was done in 2022 seasons to study the influence of foliar application by moringa leaf extract at (2, 4, and 6 ml.l -1 ), garlic cloves extract (5, 10, and 15 ml.l -1 ), and turmeric extract at (5, 10, and 15 ml.l -1 ) plus the control treatment on some minerals content in the “Salakhani” pomegranate leaves grown in a private orchard situated in Halabja Governorate, Iraq. Thirty healthy trees, uniform in their vigor and with no visual insufficiency symptoms, were selected, each tree as an experimental unit by utilizing a simple randomized complete block design. The results revealed that the spraying with the most doses of moringa leaf extract, garlic cloves, and turmeric significantly increased the N, K, Mg, Ca, Zn, Fe, and B in the leaves content of pomegranate compared to the control. The effect of the studied plant extracts regarding the P content in pomegranate leaves compared to the control expressed insignificant differences. Generally, the leaf content of N, K, Mg, Ca, Zn, Fe, and B increased with increasing concentrations of moringa leaf extract, garlic cloves, and turmeric. The highest concentration of them gave the highest value of studied minerals content. Thus, it can be recommended to use these plant extracts as an alternative to chemical fertilizers.","PeriodicalId":508608,"journal":{"name":"Passer Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139157376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Prevalence of Anemia and Associated Factors among Children under 5 years in Zakho City, Kurdistan Region, Iraq","authors":"Farhad Armishty, Lina Yousif Mohammed, Ronahi Ibrahim, Iman Haji, Amna Omar, Dalal Jameel, Omar Khattab, Berivan R Rajab, Aveen Saleem, Maryam M Ahmed, Snor Hassan, Dunya P. Nezar, Hevy A. Ahmad","doi":"10.24271/psr.2023.390463.1287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24271/psr.2023.390463.1287","url":null,"abstract":"Background : Anaemia is a lower concentration of haemoglobin and red blood cells. Nearly 1.62 billion individuals worldwide suffer from anaemia, of which approximately 47% are preschool-aged children. Anaemia due to iron deficiency can be prevented by breast-feeding, taking formula with iron, avoiding cow's milk till the child reaches the age of one year, and including iron-rich foods in the diet. Objectives : The primary aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of anaemia and associated factors in children under the age of five who were admitted to Zakho General Hospital. Methods : A cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2022 to February 2023 among children under 5 years in Zakho city. 1404 children were recruited in this study, and the ages ranged from six months to five years. A spectrophotometric method is typically used to assess anaemia by measuring the haemoglobin (Hb) concentration. Results : The children that participated in this study were 1404, ages 6 months to 60 months (23.01± 14.77). Age and anaemia were significantly correlated (p-value <0.01), with a higher prevalence of anaemia in younger age groups. In children aged 6 months to less than 24 months, the history of breast-feeding was significantly correlated with anaemia; 164 (59%) of the 278 children with a history of breast-feeding had anaemia (p-value <0.0001). Anaemia and meat consumption were significantly correlated (p-value= 0.007). The frequency of egg intake, the size of the family, and the level of the mother's education had no effect on anaemia. Conclusion : Among children under the age of five, particularly those under two, anaemia is disturbingly widespread, according to our study. As a result, enhanced nutritional therapy and a robust public health education campaign may assist in reducing the prevalence of this hematologic health concern. Additionally, it was shown that a history of breast-feeding and a limited meat diet are the two most significant risk factors for anaemia.","PeriodicalId":508608,"journal":{"name":"Passer Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences","volume":"110 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139163226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating Sensitivity Analysis and Explicit Runge-Kutta Method for Modeling the Effect of Exposure Rate to Contaminated Water on Cholera Disease Spread","authors":"Mardan A. Pirdawood, Hemnn Rasool, Berivan Aziz","doi":"10.24271/psr.2023.412783.1375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24271/psr.2023.412783.1375","url":null,"abstract":"Mathematical modeling and computer simulations aid in global transmission parameter estimation. Equations, tools, and behaviour assessments are vital in disease control modeling. The bacteria Vibrio cholera causes the waterborne infectious disease cholera, which causes severe diarrhoea and fast dehydration. Haiti; exemplifies cholera devastating impact. Although it has been acknowledged in history, there is a noticeable absence of efficient control strategies. In this paper, we review several papers on cholera models. First; it can answer important questions about global health care and provide useful recommendations. After that; we examine the cholera model using sensitivity analyses with numerical simulation for all states. Full normalizations, half normalizations, and non-normalizations are used to evaluate the local sensitivities to each model state about the model parameters. According to the sensitivity analysis, almost every model parameter might affect the virus's spread among susceptible, and the most sensitive parameters are 𝑎 and λ(B), where 𝑎 is the rate of contact with polluted water and 𝜆(𝐵) depended on the state 𝐵 (Density of toxigenic Vibrio cholera in water). So, to prevent the spread of this disease, depending on the simulations, the susceptible and infected people should be more careful about the parameters 𝑎 and λ(B). Finally; we intend to solve the Cholera disease using both the fifth order and fourth order ERK methods. We aim to then juxtapose our outcomes with those achieved through the classical fourth order Runge-Kutta Method. This comparison will be facilitated by an assessment of their respective relative local truncation error estimators.","PeriodicalId":508608,"journal":{"name":"Passer Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences","volume":"269 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139183086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Desorption of adsorbed ammonium in some Gypsiferous soils, Tikrit Governorate, Iraq","authors":"Mohammed Mohammed, B. AL-Obaidi","doi":"10.24271/psr.2023.419402.1400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24271/psr.2023.419402.1400","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to investigate the ability of Gypsiferous soil to desorb the adsorbed ammonium in Gypsifereous soils. Desorption of ammonium by Gypsiferous soils is a significant process to identify the rout of ammonium nitrogen in soil systems. Two samples of Gypsiferous soils were collected from Tikrit University and Al-Alam city fields. The samples were contained different gypsum concentrations: low 65 g kg -1 and high 235 g kg -1 . Soil columns were utilized by using the method of (Head Constant) and various concentrations of ammonium (5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 100, 120 and 150) mg (NH4) L -1 was added. Then, samples were collected at different times (1, 2, 4, 8, 24, and 48) hr; then, 0.01 M of KCl were added to each of the soil columns in order to desorb the adsorbed ammonium in the first stage. Best fitting of different kinetic models have been used to evaluate the desorption process (Zero order, First order, Diffusion, Power function, and Elovich models). The ammonium desorption in Gypsiferous soils was found to conform to the Power function equation more than the other used equations. The results showed that the process of ammonium desorption was affected by the content of calcium carbonate in soil.","PeriodicalId":508608,"journal":{"name":"Passer Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences","volume":"34 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139184207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Flexiwan, OPNSense, and pfSense Cybersecurity Mechanisms in MPLS / SD-WAN Architectures","authors":"R. H. Hama Amin, Dana Ahmed","doi":"10.24271/psr.2023.390989.1295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24271/psr.2023.390989.1295","url":null,"abstract":"SD-WAN, a software-defined network used in wide area networks, has grown in popularity among major corporations with geographically spread operations. Given the high prices of WAN connections, the key objective is to employ software-based solutions to offer a cost-effective balance. However, the proliferation of SD-WAN solutions from many vendors and open-sources has led in a rise in the number of threats and vulnerabilities to the technology. This research compares three popular open-source firewall solutions inside a certain design and examines cyber-attack vectors within the SD-WAN architecture using Graphical Network Simulator-3 (GNS3) software simulations. The presented topology consists of three branches, each of which employs one of the suggested firewalls, Flexiwan, OPNSense, or pfSense, and is linked by Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS), Virtual Private Network (VPN) and Internet Protocol Security (IPSec) tunnels. The research concludes that the solutions mentioned provide similar mechanisms for security, including confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Simulation results show that these open-source firewalls provide in-depth security features for SD-WAN architectures and can be implemented in such environments. However, the three solutions have vulnerabilities, which can be handled as long as they offer tools for adaptation because they are open-source and can be improved in future batches and updates within their community.","PeriodicalId":508608,"journal":{"name":"Passer Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences","volume":"34 7-8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139184209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adsorption of Crystal Violet Dye by Biochar produced from Sugarcane Bagasse under Different Temperatures","authors":"Eman R. Mahdi, Elaf A. Shihab, A. Fahmi","doi":"10.24271/psr.2023.413147.1377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24271/psr.2023.413147.1377","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":508608,"journal":{"name":"Passer Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences","volume":"32 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139276832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Different Levels of Hesperetin on the Quality of Rooster Semen","authors":"Sahar Salih, Imad Noori, S. Bapir, Kareem Hamad, Saber Hamad","doi":"10.24271/psr.2023.392238.1310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24271/psr.2023.392238.1310","url":null,"abstract":"The study examined the impact of varying concentrations of hesperetin on the cryopreservation of rooster sperm. Sperm were diluted with a Lake Extender containing (0, 15, 20, 25, and 30) μM hesperetin. After a 30-second freeze-thaw operation at 37 °C, membrane integrity, sperm motility characteristics, aberrant morphology, apoptotic status, and mitochondrial activity were assessed. The concentration of 25 μM hesperetin observed the highest values ( P < 0.01) were (64.26 %, 30.44 %, 35.88 mm/s, 21.77 mm/s, 61.08 mm/s, 35.66%, 61.14%, 16.23 Hz, 61.71%, 61.71%, and 61.33%) for (Total motility, progressive motility, average velocity path, curved velocity, straight-line velocity, linearity, straightness, beat cross frequency, membrane integrity, mitochondrial activity, and viability, respectively). In contrast, it recorded the lowest values (3.94mm, 13.67%, 13.30%, and 25.37%) for lateral head displacement amplitude, total abnormality, apoptotic sperm, and dead sperm, respectively. It may be concluded that adding 25 μM hesperetin is an effective method for preserving the quality of cryopreserved rooster sperm.","PeriodicalId":508608,"journal":{"name":"Passer Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139278495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Classification of the cause of eye impairment using different kinds of machine learning algorithms","authors":"Ari Guron, Mardin Anwer, Sazan Kamal Sulaiman, Sami AbdulSamad","doi":"10.24271/psr.2023.397078.1328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24271/psr.2023.397078.1328","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to create a machine learning-based method for categorizing ocular impairment. Congenital, refractive error, age, diabetes, and unknown are the five primary causes that specialists consider. The suggested technique automatically classifies patients into one of the five groups based on their unique features by evaluating the ODIR dataset of patient records, which includes numerous demographic and clinical information, and utilizing machine learning algorithms. Most previous studies in this area have focused on classifying illnesses; hence, this study's main contribution is its innovative focus on categorizing the causes of eye disorders. To the best of our knowledge, no ocular dataset has a label that specifies the cause of eye disease. The classes of eye disease have been added by Ophthalmologists. Better patient outcomes and more effective use of healthcare resources can be achieved by increasing the precision of physicians' diagnoses and streamlining their decision-making. Compared to the other classification methods, the Quadratic SVM model has the highest accuracy of 71.3%.","PeriodicalId":508608,"journal":{"name":"Passer Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences","volume":"46 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139278850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}